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British Journal of Industrial Medicine Oct 1959In the absence of adequate preventive measures the manufacture of carbon electrodes is attended by a considerable dust hazard. The present paper is based on a study of...
In the absence of adequate preventive measures the manufacture of carbon electrodes is attended by a considerable dust hazard. The present paper is based on a study of the clinical, radiological, and pathological changes resulting from inhalation of this dust, which is derived from crushed coke and anthracite. An account is given of the findings in a clinical survey of 15 men who had been employed for at least 10 years in manufacturing carbon electrodes. Four of these men were suffering from complicated and five from simple pneumoconiosis. In addition, the findings in three necropsied cases (two complicated and one simple) are recorded in detail. Bacteriological examination of the lungs and analysis of the lung dust was carried out in the two cases of complicated pneumoconiosis. It is shown that carbon electrode makers may develop simple pneumoconiosis with focal emphysema and that this may complicated by the development of massive fibrotic lesions. Both the simple and the complicated pneumoconiosis are indistinguishable from the corresponding conditions in other coalworkers. Quartz was almost entirely absent from the lung dust of the two necropsied cases with massive fibrosis and in one of these cases virulent tubercle bacilli were shown. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the aetiology of progressive massive fibrosis. While it is evident that they are incompatible with the “silica” theory they provide some limited support for the “tuberculosis” theory.
Topics: Carbon; Electrodes; Pneumoconiosis
PubMed: 13843110
DOI: 10.1136/oem.16.4.274 -
British Medical Journal Dec 1953
Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Lung; Pneumoconiosis; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 13106403
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Pathology 1951
Topics: Graphite; Humans; Pneumoconiosis; Pulmonary Fibrosis
PubMed: 14868768
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Aug 1973
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Coal Mining; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumoconiosis; Pulmonary Emphysema; Radiography
PubMed: 4723827
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5875.351 -
British Medical Journal Sep 1972
Topics: Coal Mining; Humans; Male; Pneumoconiosis; Pulmonary Emphysema; Radiography; Respiratory Function Tests
PubMed: 4650861
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jun 1972
Topics: Dust; Humans; International Cooperation; Pneumoconiosis
PubMed: 5032780
DOI: No ID Found -
BioMed Research International 2020This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for pneumoconiosis. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for pneumoconiosis. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP databases and Wanfang Data from their inception to June 1, 2019. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PR for pneumoconiosis was conducted and reported in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed bias risk. All statistical analyses were performed using the RevMan software. Sixteen RCTs with 1307 subjects were ultimately included for analysis. Compared with routine treatment, PR was able to improve the 6-minute walking distance (mean difference (MD) 69.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 61.95-76.25); the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey total score (MD 17.60, 95% CI 13.59-21.61); physical function score (MD 15.45, 95% CI 3.20-27.69); role physical score (MD 17.87, 95% CI 12.06-23.69); body pain score (MD 14.34, 95% CI 10.33-18.36); general health score (MD 20.86, 95% CI 16.87-24.84); vitality score (MD 11.66, 95% CI 0.18-23.13); social function score (MD 9.67, 95% CI 1.27-18.08); mental health score (MD 20.60, 95% CI 13.61-27.59); forced vital capacity (FVC) (MD 0.20, 95% CI 0.12-0.29); forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (MD 0.23, 95% CI 0.09-0.38); FEV1% (MD 5.19, 95% CI 1.48-8.90); maximal voluntary ventilation (MD 4.47, 95% CI 1.14-7.81); reduction in the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire score (MD -9.60, 95% CI -16.40 to -2.80); and the modified Medical Research Council Scale score. Furthermore, PR did not increase the FEV1/FVC (MD 3.61, 95% CI -3.43 to 10.65), nor the emotional score (MD 6.18, 95% CI -23.01 to 35.38) compared with the control. We found no reports of adverse events associated with PR. Thus, to some extent, PR can improve functional capacity and quality of life in patients with pneumoconiosis. However, these results should be interpreted with caution because of high heterogeneity. This trial is registered with registration number CRD42018095266.
Topics: Exercise Tolerance; Humans; Lung; Pneumoconiosis; Quality of Life; Respiratory Function Tests
PubMed: 32802860
DOI: 10.1155/2020/6174936 -
Thorax Jun 1984Kaolin is removed from underground seams in the mining area to a processing area, where it is sliced, dried, and pulverised to make the finished product. A study was...
Kaolin is removed from underground seams in the mining area to a processing area, where it is sliced, dried, and pulverised to make the finished product. A study was undertaken to determine the dust concentrations in various work areas and to assess the prevalence of radiographic and pulmonary function abnormalities in 65 workers at a Georgia kaolin mine. Respirable dust concentrations were higher in the processing area than in the mine or maintenance areas for all determinations from 1977 to 1981. The mean respirable dust level in the processing area in 1981 was 1.74 mg/m3 and 0.14 mg/m3 in the mine area. Five workers, all of whom had worked at the processing area, had radiographic evidence of kaolin pneumoconiosis. The mean values of forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 of the entire group were within the normal range. When the spirometric values were expressed as a percentage of the predicted values, the FVC and FEV1 were significantly lower in the workers with kaolinosis than in other workers in the processing area. The FVC and FEV1 also declined significantly with increasing years of work in the processing area. The FEV1/FVC%, however, was not significantly altered either by the presence of kaolinosis or by an increasing number of years of work, indicating that the impairment was restrictive and hence likely to be a consequence of dust inhalation rather than smoking. In this study the highest dust concentrations occurred in the processing area, and kaolin pneumoconiosis was limited to those who had worked there. Kaolin exposure appeared to have a small but significant effect on ventilatory capacity in those with kaolin pneumoconiosis and in workers with a longer exposure. There was no association between the radiographic appearances of kaolinosis and cigarette smoking or between the presence of radiographic abnormalities and reduced arterial blood gas tensions.
Topics: Adult; Dust; Georgia; Humans; Kaolin; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Mining; Pneumoconiosis; Radiography; Respiratory Function Tests; Smoking
PubMed: 6463912
DOI: 10.1136/thx.39.6.436 -
Thorax Apr 1983
Topics: Coal Mining; Humans; Pneumoconiosis; United Kingdom
PubMed: 6867974
DOI: 10.1136/thx.38.4.241 -
International Archives of Occupational... Oct 2004This study, the first to document the prevalence of pneumoconiosis among a living South African coal mining cohort, describes dose-response relationships between coal...
OBJECTIVES
This study, the first to document the prevalence of pneumoconiosis among a living South African coal mining cohort, describes dose-response relationships between coal workers' pneumoconiosis and respirable dust exposure, and relationships between pneumoconiosis and both lung function deterioration and respiratory symptoms.
METHODS
A total of 684 current miners and 188 ex-miners from three bituminous-coal mines in Mpumalanga, South Africa, was studied. Chest radiographs were read according to the International Labour Organization (ILO) classification by two experienced readers, one an accredited National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) "B" reader. Interviews were conducted to assess symptoms, work histories (also obtained from company records), smoking, and other risk factors. Spirometry was performed by trained technicians. Cumulative respirable dust exposure (CDE) estimates were constructed from historical company-collected sampling and researcher-collected personal dust measurements. kappa-Statistics compared the radiographic outcomes predicted by the two readers. An average profusion score was used in the analysis for the outcomes of interest. Because of possible confounding by employment status, most analyses were stratified on current and ex-miner status.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of pneumoconiosis was low (2%-4%). The degree of agreement between the two readers for profusion was moderate to high (kappa=0.58). A significant association (P<0.001) and trend (P<0.001) was seen for pneumoconiosis with increasing categories of CDE among current miners only. A significant (P<0.0001) additional 58 mg-years/m3 CDE was seen among those with pneumoconiosis compared to those without. CDE contributed to a statistically significant 0.19% and 0.11% greater decline in the percent predicted 1-second forced expiration volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), respectively, among current miners with pneumoconiosis than among those without. Logistic regression models showed no significant relationships between pneumoconiosis and symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
The overall prevalence of pneumoconiosis, although significantly associated with CDE, was low. The presence of pneumoconiosis is associated with meaningful health effects, including deterioration in lung function. Intervention measures that control exposure are indicated, to reduce these functional effects.
Topics: Air Pollutants, Occupational; Coal Mining; Dust; Humans; Logistic Models; Multivariate Analysis; Pneumoconiosis; Prevalence; Radiography; Respiratory Function Tests; South Africa
PubMed: 15558299
DOI: 10.1007/s00420-004-0532-3