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Postgraduate Medical Journal Nov 19961996 is polio awareness year. This paper reviews the clinical syndrome of acute paralytic poliomyelitis and its sequelae. We discuss epidemiological studies of the... (Review)
Review
1996 is polio awareness year. This paper reviews the clinical syndrome of acute paralytic poliomyelitis and its sequelae. We discuss epidemiological studies of the syndrome of late functional deterioration many years after the acute infection and the current hypotheses of the pathophysiology of such disorders. Recent evidence has suggested that potentially treatable factors may be implicated in the majority of such patients and it is therefore important to exclude such disorders before attributing late functional deterioration to progressive post-polio muscular atrophy.
Topics: Acute Disease; England; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome; Wales
PubMed: 8944203
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.72.853.641 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2014Paralytic poliomyelitis is a disease that became a public health issue at the beginning of the twentieth century and was more or less eliminated in developed countries... (Review)
Review
Paralytic poliomyelitis is a disease that became a public health issue at the beginning of the twentieth century and was more or less eliminated in developed countries by the early 1970s. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative of WHO has now eradicated endemic polio from all but three countries although re-introductions occur. The progress in polio eradication is striking and has accelerated over the last few years. It is likely that it will be finally eradicated from the world soon, the looming issue will then be how to stop vaccinating or modify immunization programs safely so that poliomyelitis does not re-emerge. This review article discusses the history and pathogenesis of poliomyelitis. The progress made, and challenges in sustaining the eradication of this debilitating infectious disease are considered.
Topics: Disease Eradication; Humans; Immunization Programs; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Public Health; Vaccination
PubMed: 25608050
DOI: 10.4161/21645515.2014.981115 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Poliomyelitis; Disease Eradication
PubMed: 36379554
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.221320 -
Poliomyelitis is a current challenge: long-term sequelae and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus.GeroScience Apr 2023For more than 20 years, the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WPR) has been polio-free. However, two current challenges are still polio-related. First,... (Review)
Review
For more than 20 years, the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WPR) has been polio-free. However, two current challenges are still polio-related. First, around half of poliomyelitis elderly survivors suffer late poliomyelitis sequelae with a substantial impact on daily activities and quality of life, experiencing varying degrees of residual weakness as they age. The post-polio syndrome as well as accelerated aging may be involved. Second, after the worldwide Sabin oral poliovirus (OPV) vaccination, the recent reappearance of strains of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) circulating in the environment is worrisome and able to persistent person-to-person transmission. Such VDPV strains exhibit atypical genetic characteristics and reversed neurovirulence that can cause paralysis similarly to wild poliovirus, posing a significant obstacle to the elimination of polio. Immunization is essential for preventing paralysis in those who are exposed to the poliovirus. Stress the necessity of maintaining high vaccination rates because declining immunity increases the likelihood of reemergence. If mankind wants to eradicate polio in the near future, measures to raise immunization rates and living conditions in poorer nations are needed, along with strict observation. New oral polio vaccine candidates offer a promissory tool for this goal.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Paralysis; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Quality of Life
PubMed: 36260265
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00672-7 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Aug 2018
Topics: Americas; Disease Eradication; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 30534918
DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182018000400341 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Aug 2018
Topics: Disease Eradication; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccines
PubMed: 30534932
DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182018000400436 -
The Lancet. Microbe Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Poliomyelitis; Global Health
PubMed: 38042153
DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00371-3 -
Uirusu Jun 2012To avoid the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and polio outbreaks due to circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, an inactivated poliovirus... (Review)
Review
To avoid the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and polio outbreaks due to circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) was introduced for routine immunization in a number of countries with a low risk of polio outbreaks. Currently, production and marketing of a standalone conventional IPV and two diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-IPV (Sabin-derived IPV; sIPV) products have been submitted, and it is expected that the IPV products will be introduced in Japan in the autumn of 2012. At the same time, a decline in the OPV immunization rate became apparent in Japan due to serious public concerns about a remaining risk of VAPP and introduction of IPV in the near future. Therefore, the recent development of polio immunity gaps should be carefully monitored, and surveillance of suspected polio cases and laboratory diagnosis of polioviruses have to be intensified for the transition period from OPV to IPV in Japan. The development of sIPV is one of the most realistic options to introduce affordable IPV to developing countries. In this regard, further clinical studies on its efficacy, safety, and interchangeability of sIPV will be needed after the introduction of the sIPV products, which will be licensed in Japan for the first time in the world.
Topics: Developing Countries; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Design; Humans; International Cooperation; Japan; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccines; Time Factors; Vaccination
PubMed: 23189825
DOI: 10.2222/jsv.62.57 -
Edinburgh Medical Journal Nov 1952
Topics: Physical Therapy Modalities; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 13010170
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Feb 2018In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis by the year 2000. Although substantial progress was achieved by 2000, global polio eradication... (Review)
Review
In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis by the year 2000. Although substantial progress was achieved by 2000, global polio eradication proved elusive. In India, the goal was accomplished in 2011, and the entire South-East Asia Region was certified as polio-free in 2014. The year 2016 marks the lowest wild poliovirus type 1 case count ever, the lowest number of polio-endemic countries (Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan), the maintenance of wild poliovirus type 2 eradication, and the continued absence of wild poliovirus type 3 detection since 2012. The year also marks the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) moving into the post-cessation of Sabin type 2, after the effort of globally synchronized withdrawal of Sabin type 2 poliovirus in April 2016. Sustained efforts will be needed to ensure polio eradication is accomplished, to overcome the access and security issues, and continue to improve the quality and reach of field operations. After that, surveillance (the "eyes and ears") will move further to the center stage. Sensitive surveillance will monitor the withdrawal of all Sabin polioviruses, and with facility containment, constitute the cornerstones for eventual global certification of wild poliovirus eradication. An emergency response capacity is essential to institute timely control measures should polio still re-emerge. Simultaneously, the public health community needs to determine whether and how to apply the polio-funded infrastructure to other priorities (after the GPEI funding has stopped). Eradication is the primary goal, but securing eradication will require continued efforts, dedicated resources, and a firm commitment by the global public health community.
Topics: Disease Eradication; Global Health; Humans; India; Poliomyelitis
PubMed: 29302865
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-017-2586-8