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BioMed Research International 2022The characteristics of the oral microbiota may depend on oral health, age, diet, and geography, but the influence of the geographic setting on the oral microbiota has...
The characteristics of the oral microbiota may depend on oral health, age, diet, and geography, but the influence of the geographic setting on the oral microbiota has received limited attention. The characteristics of oral microbiota have been reported to differ between urban and rural environments. In order to minimize the influence of genetic background, we recruited 54 volunteers from the same ethnic group, living in urban and rural areas of Gansu Province, China. We collected dental plaque samples and divided them into four groups according to the participant's area of residence and dental caries status. We sequenced the 16S rRNA of these samples using the Pacific Biosciences sequencing platform and analyzed the correlation between the geographic area and the characteristics of the oral microbiota. Analysis of the alpha and beta diversity revealed that there were significant differences in diversity and composition of dental plaque microflora among the four groups. Cluster analysis revealed that geographic area played an important role in determining the oral microbiota. Network analysis of oral microorganisms showed that geographic differences had major influence on the composition characteristics and internal structure of oral microorganisms. We found that some dominant strains which may play a key role in maintaining oral health, such as , and , were less affected by the geographic setting. These results provide a deeper understanding of factors influencing the composition of the oral microbiota and could contribute to early diagnosis and effective prevention of dental caries in different settings.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Ethnicity; Humans; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35800217
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6544497 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 2004Periodontitis is the commonest bacterial disease of humans and is the major cause of adult tooth loss. About half of the oral microflora is unculturable; and 16S rRNA...
Periodontitis is the commonest bacterial disease of humans and is the major cause of adult tooth loss. About half of the oral microflora is unculturable; and 16S rRNA PCR, cloning, and sequencing techniques have demonstrated the high level of species richness of the oral microflora. In the present study, a PCR primer set specific for the genera Porphyromonas and Tannerella was designed and used to analyze the bacterial populations in subgingival plaque samples from inflamed shallow and deep sites in subjects with periodontitis and shallow sites in age- and sex-matched controls. A total of 308 clones were sequenced and found to belong to one of six Porphyromonas or Tannerella species or phylotypes, one of which, Porphyromonas P3, was novel. Tannerella forsythensis was found in significantly higher proportions in patients than in controls. Porphyromonas catoniae and Tannerella phylotype BU063 appeared to be associated with shallow sites. Targeted culture-independent molecular ecology studies have a valuable role to play in the identification of bacterial targets for further investigations of the pathogenesis of bacterial infections.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Bacteroides; DNA Primers; DNA, Ribosomal; Dental Plaque; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Periodontitis; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Species Specificity
PubMed: 15583276
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5523-5527.2004 -
BMC Medical Genomics Mar 2011An understanding of the relation of commensal microbiota to health is essential in preventing disease. Here we studied the oral microbial composition of children (N =...
BACKGROUND
An understanding of the relation of commensal microbiota to health is essential in preventing disease. Here we studied the oral microbial composition of children (N = 74, aged 3 - 18 years) in natural transition from their deciduous to a permanent dentition and related the microbial profiles to their oral health status. The microbial composition of saliva was assessed by barcoded pyrosequencing of the V5-V6 hypervariable regions of the 16 S rRNA, as well as by using phylogenetic microarrays.
RESULTS
Pyrosequencing reads (126174 reads, 1045 unique sequences) represented 8 phyla and 113 higher taxa in saliva samples. Four phyla--Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria--predominated in all groups. The deciduous dentition harboured a higher proportion of Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria, Moraxellaceae) than Bacteroidetes, while in all other groups Bacteroidetes were at least as abundant as Proteobacteria. Bacteroidetes (mainly genus Prevotella), Veillonellaceae family, Spirochaetes and candidate division TM7 increased with increasing age, reflecting maturation of the microbiome driven by biological changes with age. Microarray analysis enabled further analysis of the individual salivary microbiota. Of 350 microarray probes, 156 gave a positive signal with, on average, 77 (range 48-93) probes per individual sample. A caries-free oral status significantly associated with the higher signal of the probes targeting Porphyromonas catoniae and Neisseria flavescens.
CONCLUSIONS
The potential role of P. catoniae and N. flavescens as oral health markers should be assessed in large-scale clinical studies. The combination of both open-ended and targeted molecular approaches provides us with information that will increase our understanding of the interplay between the human host and its microbiome.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Cluster Analysis; Dentition; Humans; Metagenome; Neisseria; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Oral Health; Porphyromonas; Principal Component Analysis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 21371338
DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-22 -
Journal of Periodontology Jun 2018Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature aging disorder with significant oral and dental abnormalities. Clinical symptoms include various features...
BACKGROUND
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature aging disorder with significant oral and dental abnormalities. Clinical symptoms include various features of accelerated aging such as alopecia, loss of subcutaneous fat, bone abnormalities, and premature cardiovascular disease. In addition, children with HGPS have been observed to suffer from generalized gingival recession. Whether periodontal manifestations associated with this syndrome are the results of changes in the oral flora is unknown. The present study aimed to identify the microbial composition of subgingival sites with gingival recession in children with HGPS.
METHODS
Nine children with HGPS were enrolled in this study. Plaque samples were collected from teeth with gingival recession. DNA samples were analyzed using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM). Microbial profiles from HGPS children were compared with microbial profiles of controls from healthy individuals (n = 9) and patients with periodontal disease (n = 9).
RESULTS
Comparison of microbial compositions of HGPS samples with periodontal health samples demonstrated significant differences for two bacterial taxa; Porphyromonas catoniae and Prevotella oulora were present in children with HGPS, but not normal controls. There were statistically significant differences of 20 bacterial taxa between HGPS and periodontal disease groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Typical periodontal pathogens were not present at sites with gingival recession in HGPS children. The microbial compositions of sites of gingival recession and attachment loss in HGPS were generally more similar to those of periodontal health than periodontal disease. Species other than typical periodontal pathogens may be involved in this recession.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Gingival Recession; Humans; Microbiota; Progeria
PubMed: 29520806
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.17-0351 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2019This study aimed to demonstrate subgingival microbial changes associated with development, prevention, and treatment of experimental gingivitis using chlorhexidine (CHX)...
This study aimed to demonstrate subgingival microbial changes associated with development, prevention, and treatment of experimental gingivitis using chlorhexidine (CHX) and -acetylcysteine (NAC) mouthwashes. This randomized clinical trial comprised two parts: a 3-week prevention sub-study in which 30 study subjects were equally assigned to either mouthwash or placebo while developing experimental gingivitis; followed by a 2-week treatment sub-study in which 20 subjects with experimental gingivitis were assigned to either mouthwash. Subgingival samples were collected at the beginning and end of each sub-study for microbial profiling with gene sequencing. As expected, CHX was effective in both preventing and reversing experimental gingivitis; NAC had a modest effect. Gingivitis was associated with enrichment of TM7 HOT-346/349, HOT-286, HOT-219, and spp. At the phylum/genus level, TM7 showed the strongest association. Gingival health was associated with increased abundance of spp., spp., and . CHX demonstrated largely indiscriminate antimicrobial action, resulting in significant drop in biomass and diversity. Our results substantiate the role of specific oral bacterial species in the development of gingivitis. They also indicate that NAC is not a promising mouthwash at the concentration tested.
PubMed: 31275528
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1608141 -
FEMS Microbiology Ecology Dec 2008This present study investigated the changes in bacterial community composition, with an emphasis on Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus suis populations as potentially...
This present study investigated the changes in bacterial community composition, with an emphasis on Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus suis populations as potentially beneficial and harmful groups, in the stomach, jejunum and ileum of piglets after weaning (21 days postpartum) by 16S rRNA gene-based methods. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that, after weaning, predominant bands related to Lactobacillus spp. disappeared and were replaced by potential pathogenic species, such as Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Moraxella cuniculi, S. suis and Porphyromonas catoniae. Real-time PCR revealed that the abundances of lactobacilli and Lactobacillus sobrius as a proportion of total bacterial abundance were significantly lower in the stomach, jejunum and ileum of weaned piglets than in 21-day-old piglets. A specific and sensitive real-time PCR assay was developed for quantification of the important pathogen S. suis within gastrointestinal microbiota. The assay showed that S. suis predominated in the stomach samples of weaned piglets with population levels up to 10(7) copies g(-1) digesta, while it was not detected in the stomach before weaning. Streptococcus suis was not dominant in the jejunum and ileum digesta before weaning, but became dominant after weaning, with population levels up to 10(7) copies g(-1) digesta. The results demonstrated for the first time the postweaning dominance of the potentially harmful S. suis in piglet intestine. The results also suggest that the defensive barrier of the stomach can be impaired as S. suis became dominant while the proportion of Lactobacillus populations decreased after weaning, which may further result in an increase of S. suis abundance in the intestine.
Topics: Animals; Biodiversity; Colony Count, Microbial; Gastrointestinal Tract; Ileum; Jejunum; Lactobacillus; Molecular Sequence Data; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Stomach; Streptococcus suis; Swine; Weaning
PubMed: 18554303
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00529.x -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jul 1999The frequency of beta-lactamase production in gram-negative bacteria has increased considerably during recent years. In this study, beta-lactamase production by oral...
The frequency of beta-lactamase production in gram-negative bacteria has increased considerably during recent years. In this study, beta-lactamase production by oral anaerobic gram-negative rods isolated from saliva was longitudinally examined for 44 Caucasian infants at the ages of 2, 6, and 12 months in relation to their documented exposure to antibiotics. Isolates showing decreased susceptibility to penicillin G (1 microg/ml) were examined for beta-lactamase production by using a chromogenic cephalosporin disk test. beta-Lactamase-positive, gram-negative anaerobic species were found in 11, 55, and 89% of each age group, respectively. beta-Lactamase production was most frequent among organisms of the Prevotella melaninogenica group. At 12 months, 73% of the infants harbored beta-lactamase-producing members of the P. melaninogenica group, 55% had nonpigmented Prevotella species, 25% had Porphyromonas catoniae, 23% had Fusobacterium nucleatum, and 5% had Capnocytophaga species. Several beta-lactamase-producing species could be simultaneously found in the infants' mouths. The presence of beta-lactamase-producing species was significantly associated with the infants' exposure to antibiotics through antimicrobial treatments given to the infants and/or their mothers.
Topics: Age Factors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Humans; Infant; Longitudinal Studies; Mouth; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 10390208
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.43.7.1591