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Circulation Research Aug 2016
Topics: Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Pressoreceptors
PubMed: 27539969
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309392 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Sep 2003
Review
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Carrier Proteins; Chemoreceptor Cells; Hemodynamics; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Neuropeptides; Orexins; Pressoreceptors
PubMed: 12909578
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00311.2003 -
Anesthesiology May 2003
Review
Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Spinal; Blood Pressure; Heart; Heart Arrest; Humans; Pressoreceptors; Reflex; Reflex, Stretch
PubMed: 12717149
DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200305000-00030 -
Experimental Physiology Oct 2023What is the topic of this review? We review barosensory vessel mechanics and their role in blood pressure regulation across the lifespan. What advances does it... (Review)
Review
NEW FINDINGS
What is the topic of this review? We review barosensory vessel mechanics and their role in blood pressure regulation across the lifespan. What advances does it highlight? In young normotensive men, aortic unloading mechanics contribute to the resting operating point of the vascular sympathetic baroreflex; however, with advancing age, this contribution is removed. This suggests that barosensory vessel unloading mechanics are not driving the well-documented age-related increase in resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity.
ABSTRACT
An age-associated increase in arterial blood pressure is evident for apparently healthy humans. This is frequently attributed to stiffening of the central arteries and a concurrent increase in sympathetic outflow, potentially mediated by a reduced ability of the baroreceptive vessels to distend. This is supported, in part, by a reduced mechanical component of the vascular sympathetic baroreflex (i.e., a reduction in distension for a given pressure). Previous characterization of the mechanical component has assessed only carotid artery distension; however, evidence suggests that both the aortic and carotid baroreflexes are integral to blood pressure regulation. In addition, given that baroreceptors are located in the vessel wall, the change in wall tension, comprising diameter, pressure and vessel wall thickness, and the mechanics of this change might provide a better index of the baroreceptor stimulus than the previous method used to characterize the mechanical component that relies on diameter alone. This brief review summarizes the data using this new method of assessing barosensory vessel mechanics and their influence on the vascular sympathetic baroreflex across the lifespan.
Topics: Male; Humans; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Pressoreceptors; Carotid Arteries; Sympathetic Nervous System; Homeostasis; Heart Rate
PubMed: 37031381
DOI: 10.1113/EP089686 -
Experimental Physiology Mar 2010The Olympic biathlon is a very demanding physical event that requires high oxygen delivery, good cross-country skiing skills and skilful use of a rifle. Like all... (Review)
Review
The Olympic biathlon is a very demanding physical event that requires high oxygen delivery, good cross-country skiing skills and skilful use of a rifle. Like all high-performance endurance athletes, high cardiac vagal tone is a characteristic and extends the range over which cardiac output can increase. In the biathlete, however, the enhanced vagal control of the heart also allows a strategy for better control of stability needed for accurately firing a rifle at the end of each lap of the race. The role of endurance training, central command, reflexes from muscle, and of the carotid-cardiac baroreceptor reflex in changing vagal tone during intense exercise and recovery is discussed.
Topics: Cardiac Output; Heart Rate; Humans; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion; Pressoreceptors; Skiing; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 19837772
DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2009.047548 -
Experimental Physiology Mar 1992
Review
Topics: Animals; Chemoreceptor Cells; Coronary Circulation; Humans; Pressoreceptors; Reflex
PubMed: 1581055
DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.1992.sp003586 -
Neuroscience Bulletin Oct 2021Mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) are key molecules in the mechano-electrical transduction of arterial baroreceptors. Among them, acid-sensing ion channel 2 (ASIC2)...
Mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) are key molecules in the mechano-electrical transduction of arterial baroreceptors. Among them, acid-sensing ion channel 2 (ASIC2) and transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) have been studied extensively and documented to play important roles. In this study, experiments using aortic arch-aortic nerve preparations isolated from rats revealed that both ASIC2 and TRPV1 are functionally necessary, as blocking either abrogated nearly all pressure-dependent neural discharge. However, whether ASIC2 and TRPV1 work in coordination remained unclear. So we carried out cell-attached patch-clamp recordings in HEK293T cells co-expressing ASIC2 and TRPV1 and found that inhibition of ASIC2 completely blocked stretch-activated currents while inhibition of TRPV1 only partially blocked these currents. Immunofluorescence staining of aortic arch-aortic adventitia from rats showed that ASIC2 and TRPV1 are co-localized in the aortic nerve endings, and co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that the two proteins form a compact complex in HEK293T cells and in baroreceptors. Moreover, protein modeling analysis, exogenous co-immunoprecipitation assays, and biotin pull-down assays indicated that ASIC2 and TRPV1 interact directly. In summary, our research suggests that ASIC2 and TRPV1 form a compact complex and function synergistically in the mechano-electrical transduction of arterial baroreceptors. The model of synergism between MSCs may have important biological significance beyond ASIC2 and TRPV1.
Topics: Acid Sensing Ion Channels; Animals; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Pressoreceptors; Rats; TRPV Cation Channels
PubMed: 34215968
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00737-1 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Sep 2012Beginning with clinical evidence of fatal cardiac arrhythmias in response to severe stress, in epileptic patients, and following stroke, the role of the cerebral cortex... (Review)
Review
Beginning with clinical evidence of fatal cardiac arrhythmias in response to severe stress, in epileptic patients, and following stroke, the role of the cerebral cortex in autonomic control of the cardiovascular system has gained both academic and clinical interest. Studies in anesthetized rodents have exposed the role of several forebrain regions involved in cardiovascular control. The introduction of functional neuroimaging techniques has enabled investigations into the conscious human brain to illuminate the temporal and spatial activation patterns of cortical regions that are involved with cardiovascular control through the autonomic nervous system. This symposia report emphasizes the research performed by the authors to understand the functional organization of the human forebrain in cardiovascular control during physical stressors of baroreceptor unloading and handgrip exercise. The studies have exposed important associations between activation patterns of the insula cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate, and the medial prefrontal cortex and cardiovascular adjustments to physical stressors. Furthermore, these studies provide functional anatomic evidence that sensory signals arising from baroreceptors and skeletal muscle are represented within the insula cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex, in addition to the sensory cortex. Thus, the cortical pathways subserving reflex cardiovascular control integrate viscerosensory inputs with outgoing traffic that modulates the autonomic nervous system.
Topics: Arousal; Autonomic Nervous System; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cerebral Cortex; Humans; Nerve Net; Pressoreceptors
PubMed: 22848047
DOI: 10.1002/ar.22528 -
Life Science Alliance Mar 2023Baroreceptors are nerve endings located in the adventitia of the carotid sinus and aortic arch. They act as a mechanoelectrical transducer that can sense the tension...
Baroreceptors are nerve endings located in the adventitia of the carotid sinus and aortic arch. They act as a mechanoelectrical transducer that can sense the tension stimulation exerted on the blood vessel wall by the rise in blood pressure and transduce the mechanical force into discharge of the nerve endings. However, the molecular identity of mechanical signal transduction from the vessel wall to the baroreceptor is not clear. We discovered that exogenous integrin ligands, such as RGD, IKVAV, YIGSR, PHSRN, and KNEED, could restrain pressure-dependent discharge of the aortic nerve in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. Perfusion of RGD at the baroreceptor site in vivo can block the baroreceptor reflex. An immunohistochemistry study showed the binding of exogenous RGD to the nerve endings under the adventitia of the rat aortic arch, which may competitively block the binding of integrins to ligand motifs in extracellular matrix. These findings suggest that connection of integrins with extracellular matrix plays an important role in the mechanical coupling process between vessel walls and arterial baroreceptors.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Pressoreceptors; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Aorta; Arteries
PubMed: 36625204
DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201785 -
Journal of the American College of... Oct 1993This brief review summarizes abnormalities of arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity. The potential role of these... (Review)
Review
This brief review summarizes abnormalities of arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity. The potential role of these abnormalities in the development of the neurohumoral excitatory state associated with heart failure is discussed. Major emphasis is placed on the identification of important issues still to be investigated in this area. The potential importance of altered cardiovascular reflexes in the context of the interaction of the patient with heart failure and environmental stresses is discussed. The use of the canine rapid ventricular pacing model of biventricular failure in the investigation of abnormalities of baroreflexes in heart failure is emphasized. Insights obtained from this model should be extended to human investigations.
Topics: Animals; Heart Failure; Heart Rate; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pressoreceptors; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 8104206
DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(93)90464-c