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Journal of Dairy Science Dec 2014The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical silage additives on the production of volatile organic compounds (VOC; methanol,...
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical silage additives on the production of volatile organic compounds (VOC; methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate) within corn silage. Recent work has shown that silage VOC can contribute to poor air quality and reduce feed intake. Silage additives may reduce VOC production in silage by inhibiting the activity of bacteria or yeasts that produce them. We produced corn silage in 18.9-L bucket silos using the following treatments: (1) control (distilled water); (2) Lactobacillus buchneri 40788, with 400,000 cfu/g of wet forage; (3) Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1, with 100,000 cfu/g; (4) a commercial buffered propionic acid-based preservative (68% propionic acid, containing ammonium and sodium propionate and acetic, benzoic, and sorbic acids) at a concentration of 1 g/kg of wet forage (0.1%); (5) a low dose of potassium sorbate at a concentration of 91 mg/kg of wet forage (0.0091%); (6) a high dose of potassium sorbate at a concentration of 1g/kg of wet forage (0.1%); and (7) a mixture of L. plantarum MTD1 (100,000 cfu/g) and a low dose of potassium sorbate (91 mg/kg). Volatile organic compound concentrations within silage were measured after ensiling and sample storage using a headspace gas chromatography method. The high dose of potassium sorbate was the only treatment that inhibited the production of multiple VOC. Compared with the control response, it reduced ethanol by 58%, ethyl acetate by 46%, and methyl acetate by 24%, but did not clearly affect production of methanol or 1-propanol. The effect of this additive on ethanol production was consistent with results from a small number of earlier studies. A low dose of this additive does not appear to be effective. Although it did reduce methanol production by 24%, it increased ethanol production by more than 2-fold and did not reduce the ethyl acetate concentration. All other treatments increased ethanol production at least 2-fold relative to the control, and L. buchneri addition also increased the 1-propanol concentration to approximately 1% of dry matter. No effects of any treatments on fiber fractions or protein were observed. However, L. buchneri addition resulted in slightly more ammonia compared with the control. If these results hold under different conditions, a high dose of potassium sorbate will be an effective treatment for reducing VOC production in and emission from silage. Regulations aimed at reducing VOC emission could be ineffective or even increase emission if they promote silage additives without recognition of different types of additives.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Animal Feed; Animals; Bacteria; Dietary Fiber; Esters; Ethanol; Lactobacillus; Silage; Sorbic Acid; Volatile Organic Compounds; Yeasts; Zea mays
PubMed: 25282409
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8537 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... Apr 2020The aim when designing a scaffold is to provide a supportive microenvironment for the native cells, which is generally achieved by structurally and biochemically...
The aim when designing a scaffold is to provide a supportive microenvironment for the native cells, which is generally achieved by structurally and biochemically imitating the native tissue. Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) possesses the mechanical and biochemical cues designed to promote native cell survival. However, when decellularized and reprocessed, the ECM loses its cell supporting mechanical integrity and architecture. Herein, we propose dissolving the ECM into a polymer/solvent solution and electrospinning it into a fibrous sheet, thus harnessing the biochemical cues from the ECM and the mechanical integrity of the polymer. Bovine aorta and myocardium were selected as ECM sources. Decellularization was achieved using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and the ECM was combined with polycaprolactone and hexafluoro-2-propanol for electrospinning. The scaffolds were seeded with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The study found that the inclusion of aorta ECM increased the scaffold's wettability and subsequently lead to increased HUVEC adherence and proliferation. Interestingly, the inclusion of myocardium ECM had no effect on wettability or cell viability. Furthermore, gene expression and mechanical changes were noted with the addition of ECM. The results from this study show the vast potential of electrospun ECM/polymer bioscaffolds and their use in tissue engineering.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Cattle; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Extracellular Matrix; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Myocardium; Polymers; Pressure; Propanols; Solvents; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Wettability
PubMed: 31369699
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34444 -
International Journal of Legal Medicine Jan 2021The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship between microbial neoformation of volatiles and the post-mortem interval (PMI) exists, and if the...
The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship between microbial neoformation of volatiles and the post-mortem interval (PMI) exists, and if the volatiles could be used as a tool to improve the precision of PMI estimation in decomposed human remains found in an indoor setting. Chromatograms from alcohol analysis (femoral vein blood) of 412 cases were retrospectively assessed for the presence of ethanol, N-propanol, 1-butanol, and acetaldehyde. The most common finding was acetaldehyde (83% of the cases), followed by ethanol (37%), N-propanol (21%), and 1-butanol (4%). A direct link between the volatiles and the PMI or the degree of decomposition was not observed. However, the decomposition had progressed faster in cases with microbial neoformation than in cases without signs of neoformation. Microbial neoformation may therefore act as an indicator of the decomposition rate within the early decomposition to bloating stages. This may be used in PMI estimation based on the total body score (TBS) and accumulated degree days (ADD) model, to potentially improve the model's precision.
Topics: 1-Butanol; 1-Propanol; Acetaldehyde; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Remains; Chromatography, Gas; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postmortem Changes; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 33026504
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02436-4 -
Annals of the Academy of Medicine,... Sep 2020Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread globally at a staggering speed. At present, there is no effective treatment or vaccine for COVID-19....
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread globally at a staggering speed. At present, there is no effective treatment or vaccine for COVID-19. Hand disinfection is a cost-effective way to prevent its transmission. According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, we should wash our hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not readily available, alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) with at least 60% alcohol are the alternative. With diligent hand disinfection reinforced during COVID-19, there is an increased prevalence of contact dermatitis. This commentary highlights the fact that contact dermatitis is a readily treatable condition and should not cause any deviation of proper hand hygiene. In irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), the management strategies are selection of less irritating hand hygiene products, frequent use of moisturisers to rebuild the skin barrier, and education on proper hand hygiene practices. In allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), the identification and avoidance of the contact allergen is the key to treatment. However, ACD is less common and only accounts for 20% of the cases. The identified allergens in hand cleansers are predominantly preservative excipients and ACD attributable to ABHR are very uncommon. Alcohol-free hand rubs are widely available on the market but it is not a recommended alternative to ABHRs by the CDC.
Topics: 1-Propanol; 2-Propanol; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; COVID-19; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Irritant; Dermatitis, Occupational; Detergents; Emollients; Ethanol; Hand Dermatoses; Hand Disinfection; Hand Hygiene; Hand Sanitizers; Health Personnel; Humans; Hygroscopic Agents
PubMed: 33241256
DOI: No ID Found -
Nucleic Acids Research Jul 1976Photoalkylation reactions with 2-propanol, initiated with di-tert-butyl peroxide, of a variety of purine and pyrimidine mononucleotides and dinucleoside monophosphates...
Photoalkylation reactions with 2-propanol, initiated with di-tert-butyl peroxide, of a variety of purine and pyrimidine mononucleotides and dinucleoside monophosphates lead to the substitution of an alpha-hydroxyisopropyl group for the H-8 atom of adenosine and the addition of the alcohol across the 5,6-double bond of the pyrimidines. Adenosine moieties blocked at their 3'-hydroxyl group are alkylated faster than those blocked at their 5'-hydroxyl. The reactivity of the uridine moieties of 3'-UMP, 5'-UMP, and uridylyl-(3',5')-uridine is not affected by the location of the phosphate group. However, the uridine moiety of uridylyl-(3',5')-adenosine is modified faster than that of adenylyl-(3',5')-uridine. It is suggested that steric hindrance imposed by the phosphate group determines the reactivity of adenosine moieties, while base stacking involving adenosine determines the reactivity of uridine moieties. These two effects play a major role in controlling the nature and degree of the selectivity of these photoalkylation reactions for either adenosine or uridine. Cytidine has been found to be inert in these reactions.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Alkylation; Binding Sites; Kinetics; Photochemistry; Purine Nucleotides; Pyrimidine Nucleotides
PubMed: 967670
DOI: 10.1093/nar/3.7.1715 -
BMC Biotechnology Oct 2021Published biocatalytic routes for accessing enantiopure 2-phenylpropanol using oxidoreductases afforded maximal product titers of only 80 mM. Enzyme deactivation was...
BACKGROUND
Published biocatalytic routes for accessing enantiopure 2-phenylpropanol using oxidoreductases afforded maximal product titers of only 80 mM. Enzyme deactivation was identified as the major limitation and was attributed to adduct formation of the aldehyde substrate with amino acid residues of the reductase.
RESULTS
A single point mutant of Candida tenuis xylose reductase (CtXR D51A) with very high catalytic efficiency (43·10 s M) for (S)-2-phenylpropanal was found. The enzyme showed high enantioselectivity for the (S)-enantiomer but was deactivated by 0.5 mM substrate within 2 h. A whole-cell biocatalyst expressing the engineered reductase and a yeast formate dehydrogenase for NADH-recycling provided substantial stabilization of the reductase. The relatively slow in situ racemization of 2-phenylpropanal and the still limited biocatalyst stability required a subtle adjustment of the substrate-to-catalyst ratio. A value of 3.4 g/g was selected as a suitable compromise between product ee and the conversion ratio. A catalyst loading of 40 g was used to convert 1 M racemic 2-phenylpropanal into 843 mM (115 g/L) (S)-phenylpropanol with 93.1% ee.
CONCLUSION
The current industrial production of profenols mainly relies on hydrolases. The bioreduction route established here represents an alternative method for the production of profenols that is competitive with hydrolase-catalyzed kinetic resolutions.
Topics: Aldehyde Reductase; Candida; Kinetics; Propanols; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 34635076
DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00715-5 -
Journal of the American Society For... Jan 2019Ion mobility spectrometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy are used to examine the populations of the small model peptide, polyproline-13 in water, methanol, ethanol,...
Solvent Mediation of Peptide Conformations: Polyproline Structures in Water, Methanol, Ethanol, and 1-Propanol as Determined by Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry.
Ion mobility spectrometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy are used to examine the populations of the small model peptide, polyproline-13 in water, methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol over a range of solution temperatures (from 288 to 318 K). At low temperatures, the less-polar solvents (1-propanol and ethanol) favor the all-cis polyproline I helix (PPI); as the temperature is increased, the trans-configured polyproline II helix (PPII) is formed. In polar solvents (methanol and water), PPII is favored at all temperatures. From the experimental data, we determine the relative stabilities of the eight structures in methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol, as well as four in water, all with respect to PPII. Although these conformers show relatively small differences in free energies, substantial variability is observed in the enthalpies and entropies across the structures and solvents. This requires that enthalpies and entropies be highly correlated: in 1-propanol, cis-configured PPI conformations are energetically favorable but entropically disfavored. In more polar solvents, PPI is enthalpically less favorable and entropy favors trans-configured forms. While either ΔH or ΔS can favor different structures, no conformation in any solvent is simultaneously energetically and entropically stabilized. These data present a rare opportunity to examine the origin of conformational stability. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Circular Dichroism; Entropy; Ethanol; Ion Mobility Spectrometry; Methanol; Peptides; Protein Conformation; Solvents; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Water
PubMed: 30069641
DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2034-7 -
Applied Microbiology Nov 19691-(2-Nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol (RO 7-0582) and 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol (Metronidazole), substances known to be potent trichomonacides, were...
1-(2-Nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol (RO 7-0582) and 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol (Metronidazole), substances known to be potent trichomonacides, were shown to inhibit obligate anaerobic bacteria in vitro but were essentially without effect at the doses tested against bacteria capable of growing aerobically. A similar effect was noted in vivo in that both substances exhibited good chemotherapeutic activity against infections produced by three species of anaerobic protozoa but were essentially inactive at the doses tested against three species of aerobic protozoa.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Bacteria; Entamoeba histolytica; Ethanol; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Oxygen; Trichomonas; Trypanosoma
PubMed: 4313165
DOI: 10.1128/am.18.5.728-730.1969 -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 2000
Review
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Disease Models, Animal; Environmental Exposure; Female; Flame Retardants; Humans; Male; Mice; Neoplasms; Propanols; Rats
PubMed: 11100410
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Sep 2018The first catalytic strategy to harness imidate radicals has been developed. This approach enables alkene difunctionalization of allyl alcohols by photocatalytic...
The first catalytic strategy to harness imidate radicals has been developed. This approach enables alkene difunctionalization of allyl alcohols by photocatalytic reduction of their oxime imidates. The ensuing imidate radicals undergo consecutive intra- and intermolecular reactions to afford (i) hydroamination, (ii) aminoalkylation, or (iii) aminoarylation, via three distinct radical mechanisms. The broad scope and utility of this catalytic method for imidate radical reactivity is presented, along with comparisons to other N-centered radicals and complementary, closed-shell imidate pathways.
Topics: Alkenes; Catalysis; Free Radicals; Imidoesters; Molecular Structure; Propanols
PubMed: 30156404
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07578