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Journal of Agricultural and Food... Sep 2022In this study, the complex volatilome of maize silage samples conserved for 229 d, inoculated with () and (), is explored by means of advanced fingerprinting...
In this study, the complex volatilome of maize silage samples conserved for 229 d, inoculated with () and (), is explored by means of advanced fingerprinting methodologies based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The combined untargeted and targeted (UT) fingerprinting strategy covers 452 features, 269 of which were putatively identified and assigned within their characteristic classes. The high amounts of short-chain free fatty acids and alcohols were produced by fermentation and led to a large number of esters. The impact of fermentation was not clearly distinguishable from the control samples; however, had a strong and distinctive signature that was dominated by propionic acid and 1-propanol characteristic volatiles. The approach provides a better understanding of silage stabilization mechanisms against the degradative action of yeasts and molds during the exposure of silage to air.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Aerobiosis; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Lactobacillus; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Propionates; Silage; Zea mays
PubMed: 36103255
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03652 -
Journal of Dairy Science Mar 2007Dairy cows fed silage are subjected to various alcohols and low molecular weight esters. Four lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas and permanent...
Dairy cows fed silage are subjected to various alcohols and low molecular weight esters. Four lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas and permanent indwelling catheters in the hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein, mesenteric vein, and mesenteric artery were used to study the absorption of alcohols into portal blood and the metabolism of feed alcohols in the rumen and splanchnic tissues. The cows were allocated to 4 experimental treatments in a Latin square design. All treatments were formulated as total mixed rations with the same overall nutrient composition, differing by the source of corn silage. Treatments were a control silage and 3 qualities of problematic corn silage (silage with Fusarium toxin, Penicillium-infected silage, and silage with a high propanol content). Feeding was followed by a decreasing ruminal pH, as well as decreasing molar proportions of ruminal acetate and isobutyrate. The ruminal concentrations of total VFA, ethanol, propanol, 2-butanol, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, glucose, and L-lactate, and molar proportions of propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, valerate, and caproate increased after feeding. Treatments affected ruminal concentrations of propanol, propyl acetate, and butyrate and a strong correlation was observed between ruminal propyl acetate and the molar proportion of butyrate (r = -0.79). Arterial concentrations of ethanol, propanol, propanal, acetone (sum of acetone and acetoacetate), 3-hydroxybutyrate, L-lactate, glutamate, and glutamine increased, and the arterial concentration of glucose decreased after feeding, but no effects of treatment were observed for arterial variables. The postprandial increase in arterial ethanol was maintained for 5 h. The net portal release of ethanol tended to decrease with the treatment with the lowest ethanol content, and the net splanchnic release of ethanol increased after feeding, but overall, the net splanchnic flux of ethanol was not different from zero, in agreement with the liver being the major organ for alcohol metabolism. The net portal flux and net hepatic flux of propanol were affected by treatment. All dietary ethanol and propanol were accounted for by absorption of the respective alcohol into the portal blood. The hepatic extraction ratios of ethanol and propanol were, on average, 63 to 66%, and no indications of saturation of hepatic alcohol metabolism were observed at any time. We concluded that typical amounts of alcohols in corn silage do not interfere with splanchnic metabolism of any of the measured variables and do not saturate hepatic pathways for alcohol metabolism. However, even low concentrations of alcohols in feed might affect ruminal metabolism and are followed by hours of elevated peripheral blood concentrations of alcohols.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Acetates; Animal Feed; Animals; Blood Vessels; Cattle; Dairying; Eating; Ethanol; Female; Fermentation; Glucose; Ketones; Lactation; Lactic Acid; Milk; Rumen; Silage; Time Factors
PubMed: 17297111
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71623-5 -
Report on Carcinogens : Carcinogen... 2011
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Humans; Neoplasms; Propanols
PubMed: 21850143
DOI: No ID Found -
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection... Jul 2022The approval of ethanol by the Biocidal Products Regulation has been under evaluation since 2007. This follows concern over alcohol uptake from ethanol-based hand rubs... (Review)
Review
Ethanol is indispensable for virucidal hand antisepsis: memorandum from the alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) Task Force, WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, and the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
BACKGROUND
The approval of ethanol by the Biocidal Products Regulation has been under evaluation since 2007. This follows concern over alcohol uptake from ethanol-based hand rubs (EBHR). If ethanol is classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reprotoxic by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), then this would affect infection prevention and control practices.
AIM
A review was performed to prove that ethanol is toxicological uncritical and indispensable for hand antisepsis because of its unique activity against non-enveloped viruses and thus the resulting lack of alternatives. Therefore, the following main points are analyzed: The effectiveness of ethanol in hand hygiene, the evidence of ethanol at blood/tissue levels through hand hygiene in healthcare, and the evidence of toxicity of different blood/tissue ethanol levels and the non-comparability with alcoholic consumption and industrial exposure.
RESULTS
EBHR are essential for preventing infections caused by non-enveloped viruses, especially in healthcare, nursing homes, food industry and other areas. Propanols are effective against enveloped viruses as opposed to non-enveloped viruses but there are no other alternatives for virucidal hand antisepsis. Long-term ingestion of ethanol in the form of alcoholic beverages can cause tumours. However, lifetime exposure to ethanol from occupational exposure < 500 ppm does not significantly contribute to the cancer risk. Mutagenic effects were observed only at doses within the toxic range in animal studies. While reprotoxicity is linked with abuse of alcoholic beverages, there is no epidemiological evidence for this from EBHR use in healthcare facilities or from products containing ethanol in non-healthcare settings.
CONCLUSION
The body of evidence shows EBHRs have strong efficacy in killing non-enveloped viruses, whereas 1-propanol and 2-propanol do not kill non-enveloped viruses, that pose significant risk of infection. Ethanol absorbed through the skin during hand hygiene is similar to consumption of beverages with hidden ethanol content (< 0.5% v/v), such as apple juice or kefir. There is no risk of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity or reprotoxicity from repeated use of EBHR. Hence, the WHO Task Force strongly recommend retaining ethanol as an essential constituent in hand rubs for healthcare.
Topics: 2-Propanol; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antisepsis; Berlin; Ethanol; Germany; Hand Disinfection; Hand Hygiene; Hospitals; Patient Safety; World Health Organization
PubMed: 35794648
DOI: 10.1186/s13756-022-01134-7 -
Journal of Ultrasound Dec 2016In this work we provide measurements of speed of sound () and acoustic impedance () of some doped/non-doped rubber-based materials dedicated to the development of...
PURPOSE
In this work we provide measurements of speed of sound () and acoustic impedance () of some doped/non-doped rubber-based materials dedicated to the development of ultrasound phantoms. These data are expected to be useful for speeding-up the preparation of multi-organ phantoms which show similar echogenicity to real tissues.
METHODS
Different silicones (Ecoflex, Dragon-Skin Medium) and polyurethane rubbers with different liquid (glycerol, commercial detergent, -propanol) and solid (aluminum oxide, graphene, steel, silicon powder) inclusions were prepared. of materials under investigation was measured in an experimental setup and was obtained by multiplying the density and the of each material. Finally, an anatomically realistic liver phantom has been fabricated selecting some of the tested materials.
RESULTS
and evaluation for different rubber materials and formulations are reported. The presence of liquid additives appears to increase the , while solid inclusions generally reduce the . The ultrasound images of realized custom fabricated heterogeneous liver phantom and a real liver show remarkable similarities.
CONCLUSIONS
The development of new materials' formulations and the knowledge of acoustic properties, such as speed of sound and acoustic impedance, could improve and speed-up the development of phantoms for simulations of ultrasound medical procedures.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Aluminum Oxide; Detergents; Equipment Design; Glycerol; Graphite; Humans; Liver; Models, Biological; Phantoms, Imaging; Polyurethanes; Rubber; Silicon; Silicones; Sound; Steel; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 27965715
DOI: 10.1007/s40477-016-0204-7 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Due to the medical importance of dibenzoylmethane, one of the aims of the study was to find an appropriate packing material and a biologically friendly co-solvent to...
Due to the medical importance of dibenzoylmethane, one of the aims of the study was to find an appropriate packing material and a biologically friendly co-solvent to help its introduction into living systems. Accordingly, redox properties of dibenzoylmethane were investigated on glassy carbon electrodes in acetonitrile and in 1-propanol with cyclic voltammetry, and showed a diffusion-controlled process. In the anodic window, an oxidation peak appeared at around 1.9 V in both solvents. Cycling repeatedly between 0 and 2 V, the reproducibility of this peak was acceptable, but when extending the window to higher potentials, the electrode deactivated, obviously due to electrode material. The addition of the investigated tetrakis(3,5-dicarboxyphenoxy) cavitand did not significantly change the voltammograms. Further electrochemical experiments showed that the coexistence of water in acetonitrile and 1-propanol drastically reduces the solubility of dibenzoylmethane. Moreover, very rapid electrode deactivation occurred and this fact made the use of electrochemical methods complicated. Considering that both the cavitand and dibenzoylmethane are soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, the interaction of these species was investigated and formation of stable complexes was detected. This observation was verified with fluorescence quenching studies. The mixture of water and dimethyl sulphoxide also dramatically improved the solubility of the cavitand-dibenzoylmethane complex at high excess of water. The addition of cavitand improved the solubility of dibenzoylmethane, a property which supports the application of dibenzoylmethane in therapy.
Topics: Carbon; 1-Propanol; Reproducibility of Results; Oxidation-Reduction; Solvents; Water; Electrodes; Acetonitriles
PubMed: 36615382
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010185 -
Journal of Diabetes Science and... Jan 2012Monitoring blood glucose levels is an integral part of routine diabetes management. To minimize the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens during monitoring, the...
BACKGROUND
Monitoring blood glucose levels is an integral part of routine diabetes management. To minimize the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens during monitoring, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that glucose meters be disinfected after each use whenever they are used to test multiple patients. The objective of this study is to assess the compatibility of some common disinfectants with certain blood glucose meter systems.
METHODS
We tested six disinfectants for adverse impact on meter performance or the exterior meter surfaces. The disinfectants tested were 0.525% sodium hypochlorite, 20% 2-propanol and 10% ethanol, 17.2% isopropanol, 55% isopropanol, 70% isopropanol, and hydrogen peroxide. To assess meter performance, we tested OneTouch® Ultra® blood glucose monitoring systems with control solution before and after application of either water or disinfectant. To assess the effect on exterior meter surfaces, we performed a soaking test to simulate long-term exposure to disinfectant.
RESULTS
Paired t-test results showed that the control solution data associated with disinfectant and with water application were not significantly different for each meter type. However, most of the meter types were adversely affected by hydrogen peroxide and/or by the higher concentrations of alcohol-based disinfectants.
CONCLUSIONS
Although none of the six disinfectants affected meter performance, hydrogen peroxide and isopropanol >20% adversely affected the exterior surfaces of the tested meters. When complying with CDC instructions for meter disinfection, users should use caution and choose disinfectants that have been validated by the meter manufacturer.
Topics: 1-Propanol; 2-Propanol; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Disinfectants; Disinfection; Efficiency; Equipment and Supplies; Ethanol; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Sodium Hypochlorite; Water
PubMed: 22401326
DOI: 10.1177/193229681200600111 -
BMC Cancer Jan 2023Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles are of potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for tumor diagnosis. However, ultrasmall...
BACKGROUND
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles are of potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for tumor diagnosis. However, ultrasmall particle size or negative surface charge lead to relative short half-life which limit the utilization of USPIO for in vivo MRI contrast agents.
METHODS
Superparamagnetic FeO nanoparticles coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA)were synthetized, and modified by 3-amino propanol and 3-diethyl amino propyl amine. The characteristics of superparamagnetic FeO nanoparticles were investigated through transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Zata potential analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and relaxation properties analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging animal experiment was performed.
RESULTS
The synthetized nanoparticles were irregular spherical, with small particle size, few agglomeration, and good dispersion in water. After modification, the potential fluctuation of nanoparticles was small, and the isoelectric point of nanoparticles changed to high pH. After 3-amino propanol modification, the weight loss of the curve from 820 to 940 °C was attributed to the decomposition of 3-amino propanol molecules on the surface. The T1 relaxation rate of nanoparticles changed little before and after modification, which proved that the modification didn't change the relaxation time. Brighter vascular images were observed after 3-amino propanol modification through measurement of magnetic resonance tumor imaging.
CONCLUSION
These data indicated the FeO nanoparticles modified by 3-amino propanol should be a better contrast agent in the field of magnetic resonance tumor imaging.
Topics: Animals; Contrast Media; 1-Propanol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Propanols
PubMed: 36647053
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10514-0 -
Journal of Chromatography. B,... Oct 2012Phosphoinositides (PIs) and sphingolipids regulate many aspects of cell behavior and are often involved in disease processes such as oncogenesis. Capillary...
Phosphoinositides (PIs) and sphingolipids regulate many aspects of cell behavior and are often involved in disease processes such as oncogenesis. Capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) is emerging as an important tool for enzymatic assays of the metabolism of these lipids, particularly in cell-based formats. Previous separations of phosphoinositide lipids by CE required a complex buffer with polymer additives which had the disadvantages of high cost and/or short shelf life. Further a simultaneous separation of these classes of lipids has not been demonstrated in a robust buffer system. In the current work, a simple separation buffer based on NaH(2)PO(4) and 1-propanol was optimized to separate two sphingolipids and multiple phosphoinositides by CE. The NaH(2)PO(4) concentration, pH, 1-propanol fraction, and a surfactant additive to the buffer were individually optimized to achieve simultaneous separation of the sphingolipids and phosphoinositides. Fluorescein-labeled sphingosine (SFL) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1PFL), fluorescein-labeled phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidyl-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), and bodipy-fluorescein (BFL)-labeled PIP2 and PIP3 were separated pairwise and in combination to demonstrate the generalizability of the method. Theoretical plate numbers achieved were as high as 2×10(5) in separating fluorophore-labeled PIP2 and PIP3. Detection limits for the 6 analytes were in the range of 10(-18)-10(-20)mol. The method also showed high reproducibility, as the relative standard deviation of the normalized migration time for each analyte in the simultaneous separation of all 6 compounds was less than 1%. The separation of a mixture composed of diacylglycerol (DAG) and multiple phosphoinositides was also demonstrated. As a final test, fluorescent lipid metabolites formed within cells loaded with BFLPIP2 were separated from a cell lysate as well as a single cell. This simple and robust separation method for SFL and S1PFL and various metabolites of phosphoinositide-related signal transduction is expected to enable improved enzymatic assays for biological and clinical applications.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Boron Compounds; Cell Line, Tumor; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Fluorescein; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Limit of Detection; Phosphates; Phosphatidylinositols; Reproducibility of Results; Sphingolipids
PubMed: 23000742
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.09.003 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2020Extracts of [L.] Kunth have previously been demonstrated to have in vivo estrogenic-like effects, thereby functioning as an anti-osteoporotic agent. However, the...
Extracts of [L.] Kunth have previously been demonstrated to have in vivo estrogenic-like effects, thereby functioning as an anti-osteoporotic agent. However, the compounds responsible for these effects have not yet been determined. Therefore, the aim of this study is to isolate and elucidate potential compounds with estrogenic activity. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified using 1D H and C-NMR and confirmed by 2D FT-NMR. The estrogenic activity was evaluated using the E-SCREEN assay, and a molecular docking study was performed to predict the binding affinity of the isolated compounds to estrogen receptors. In this experiment, we successfully isolated three phenylpropanoids and two lignan derivatives, namely, 6-allyl-5-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-4-ol (), pachypostaudin B (), pellucidin A (), dillapiole (), and apiol (). Among these compounds, the isolation of and from is reported for the first time in this study. Activity assays clearly showed that the ethyl acetate extract and its fractions, subfractions, and isolated compounds exerted estrogenic activity. Methanol fraction of the ethyl acetate extract produced the highest estrogenic activity, while and had partial agonist activity. Some compounds (derivates of dillapiole and pellucidin A) also had, in addition, anti-estrogenic activity. In the docking study, the estrogenic activities of - appeared to be mediated by a classical ligand-dependent mechanism as suggested by the binding interaction between the compounds and estrogen receptors; binding occurred on Arg 394 and His 524 of the alpha receptor and Arg 346 and His 475 of the beta receptor. In summary, we reveal that is a promising anti-osteoporotic agent due to its estrogenic activity, and the compounds responsible for this activity were found to be lignan and phenylpropanoid derivatives. The presence of other compounds in either the extract or fraction may contribute to a synergistic effect, as suggested by the higher estrogenic activity of the methanol fraction. Hence, we suggest further research on the osteoporotic activity and safety of the identified compounds, especially regarding their effects on estrogen-responsive organs.
Topics: Estrogen Receptor alpha; Estrogen Receptor beta; Humans; Lignans; MCF-7 Cells; Models, Molecular; Molecular Docking Simulation; Peperomia; Phytoestrogens; Propanols
PubMed: 33114252
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214914