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Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jan 2018Propionibacteria are important members of the human skin microbiota, but are also opportunistic pathogens associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). While the...
BACKGROUND
Propionibacteria are important members of the human skin microbiota, but are also opportunistic pathogens associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). While the role of Propionibacterium acnes in PJI has been widely described, insight into the capacity of Propionibacterium avidum to cause PJI is limited.
METHODS
An unusual cluster of 4 hip PJIs caused by P. avidum in one orthopedic center in 2015 prompted us to retrospectively identify and analyze clinical data related to previous P. avidum PJI cases (1997-2015). We also characterized the hemolytic and biofilm-producing capacity of our 4 clinical P. avidum strains isolated in 2015, and investigated their phylogenetic relationships by whole-genome sequencing.
RESULTS
We retrospectively identified 13 P. avidum PJIs, with the majority being hip-related infections (n = 11). Preoperative synovial fluid cultures were P. avidum positive in 63.6% of cases. Six of 12 patients (50%) with available case histories were treated with an exchange of the prosthesis. In all but 1 of the 6 patients treated with debridement-retention of the prosthesis, treatment failed, thus requiring a 2-stage revision. The isolated P. avidum strains showed a more pronounced hemolytic activity, but a similar biofilm-forming ability when compared to P. acnes. Whole-genome sequencing identified 2 phylogenetic clusters highly related to P. avidum PJI strains isolated in Sweden.
CONCLUSIONS
We describe the largest series of P. avidum PJI predominantly located in the hip. Phylogenetic similarity of our P. avidum strains to PJI strains isolated elsewhere suggests that these invasive lineages may be common.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biofilms; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Hemolysis; Hip Joint; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Epidemiology; Molecular Typing; Osteoarthritis; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Retrospective Studies; Sweden; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 29020266
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix665 -
Research in Microbiology 2017Progress in next-generation sequencing technologies has facilitated investigations into microbial dynamics. An important bacterium in the dairy industry is...
Progress in next-generation sequencing technologies has facilitated investigations into microbial dynamics. An important bacterium in the dairy industry is Propionibacterium freudenreichii, which is exploited to manufacture Swiss cheeses. A healthy culture of these bacteria ensures a consistent cheese with formed 'eyes' and pleasant flavour profile, and the investigation of prophages and their interactions with these bacteria could assist in the maintenance of the standard of this food product. Two bacteriophages, termed PFR1 and PFR2, were chemically induced using mitomycin C from two different dairy strains of P. freudenreichii. Both phages have identical genomes; however, PFR2 was found to contain an insertion sequence, IS204. Host range characterisation showed that PFR1 was able to form plaques on a wild type Propionibacterium acnes strain, whereas PFR2 could not. The lytic plaques observed on P. acnes were a result of PFR1 inducing the lytic cycle of a pseudolysogenic phage in P. acnes. Further investigation revealed that both PFR1 and PFR2 could infect P. acnes but not replicate. This study demonstrates the dynamic interactions between phages, which may alter their lytic capacity under certain conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of two phages interacting to kill their host.
Topics: Bacteriolysis; Cheese; Genome, Viral; Host Specificity; Lysogeny; Microbial Interactions; Mitomycin; Prophages; Propionibacterium; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 27639668
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.09.004 -
Microbial Cell Factories Feb 2023Vitamin B is a widely used compound in the feed and food, healthcare and medical industries that can only be produced by fermentation because of the complexity of its...
BACKGROUND
Vitamin B is a widely used compound in the feed and food, healthcare and medical industries that can only be produced by fermentation because of the complexity of its chemical synthesis. Besides, the use of Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) microorganisms, like Propionibacterium freudenreichii, especially non-GMO wild-type producers, are becoming an interesting alternative in markets where many final consumers have high health and ecological awareness. In this study, the production of vitamin B using the Propionibacterium freudenreichii NBRC 12391 wild-type strain was characterized and optimized in shake flasks before assessing several scale-up strategies.
RESULTS
Initial results established that: (i) agitation during the early stages of the culture had an inhibitory effect on the volumetric production, (ii) 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMBI) addition was necessary for vitamin B production, and (iii) kinetics of vitamin B accumulation were dependent on the induction time when DMBI was added. When scaling up in a bioreactor, both batch and fed-batch bioprocesses proved unsuitable for obtaining high volumetric productivities mainly due to carbon source limitation and propionic acid inhibition, respectively. To overcome these drawbacks, an anaerobic single-phase continuous bioprocess strategy was developed. This culture strategy was maintained stable during more than 5 residence times in two independent cultures, resulting in 5.7-fold increase in terms of volumetric productivity compared to other scale-up strategies.
CONCLUSION
Overall, compared to previously reported strategies aimed to reduce propionic acid inhibition, a less complex anaerobic single-phase continuous and more scalable bioprocess was achieved.
Topics: Propionibacterium freudenreichii; Vitamin B 12; Propionibacterium; Propionates; Fermentation; Vitamins
PubMed: 36759843
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02029-x -
BioMed Research International 2013The anaerobic skin commensal Propionibacterium acnes is an underestimated cause of human infections and clinical conditions. Previous studies have suggested a role for...
The anaerobic skin commensal Propionibacterium acnes is an underestimated cause of human infections and clinical conditions. Previous studies have suggested a role for the bacterium in lumbar disc herniation and infection. To further investigate this, five biopsy samples were surgically excised from each of 64 patients with lumbar disc herniation. P. acnes and other bacteria were detected by anaerobic culture, followed by biochemical and PCR-based identification. In total, 24/64 (38%) patients had evidence of P. acnes in their excised herniated disc tissue. Using recA and mAb typing methods, 52% of the isolates were type II (50% of culture-positive patients), while type IA strains accounted for 28% of isolates (42% patients). Type III (11% isolates; 21% patients) and type IB strains (9% isolates; 17% patients) were detected less frequently. The MIC values for all isolates were lowest for amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and vancomycin (≤1 mg/L). The MIC for fusidic acid was 1-2 mg/L. The MIC for trimethoprim and gentamicin was 2 to ≥4 mg/L. The demonstration that type II and III strains, which are not frequently recovered from skin, predominated within our isolate collection (63%) suggests that the role of P. acnes in lumbar disc herniation should not be readily dismissed.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Genotype; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium acnes; Rec A Recombinases; Skin
PubMed: 24066290
DOI: 10.1155/2013/530382 -
FEBS Letters Aug 1977
Topics: Benzimidazoles; Propionibacterium; Riboflavin; Ribonucleosides; Vitamin B 12
PubMed: 891984
DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80470-5 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 2015The opportunistic human pathogen Propionibacterium acnes is composed of a number of distinct phylogroups, designated types IA1, IA2, IB, IC, II, and III, which vary in...
The opportunistic human pathogen Propionibacterium acnes is composed of a number of distinct phylogroups, designated types IA1, IA2, IB, IC, II, and III, which vary in their production of putative virulence factors, their inflammatory potential, and their biochemical, aggregative, and morphological characteristics. Although multilocus sequence typing (MLST) currently represents the gold standard for unambiguous phylogroup classification and individual strain identification, it is a labor-intensive and time-consuming technique. As a consequence, we developed a multiplex touchdown PCR assay that in a single reaction can confirm the species identity and phylogeny of an isolate based on its pattern of reaction with six primer sets that target the 16S rRNA gene (all isolates), ATPase (types IA1, IA2, and IC), sodA (types IA2 and IB), atpD (type II), and recA (type III) housekeeping genes, as well as a Fic family toxin gene (type IC). When applied to 312 P. acnes isolates previously characterized by MLST and representing types IA1 (n=145), IA2 (n=20), IB (n=65), IC (n=7), II (n=45), and III (n=30), the multiplex displayed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting isolates within each targeted phylogroup. No cross-reactivity with isolates from other bacterial species was observed. This multiplex assay will provide researchers with a rapid, high-throughput, and technically undemanding typing method for epidemiological and phylogenetic investigations. It will facilitate studies investigating the association of lineages with various infections and clinical conditions, and it will serve as a prescreening tool to maximize the number of genetically diverse isolates selected for downstream higher-resolution sequence-based analyses.
Topics: DNA Primers; DNA, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Typing; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 25631794
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02460-14 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Sep 1991Pyrophosphate-dependent 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PPi-PFK) from Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a non-allosteric enzyme with properties dissimilar to those of other...
Pyrophosphate-dependent 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PPi-PFK) from Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a non-allosteric enzyme with properties dissimilar to those of other described phosphofructokinases. The enzyme was cloned into pBluescript, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli at levels 15 times higher than those observed in Propionibacterium. The gene consists of 1215 bases which code for a protein of 404 amino acids and a mass of 43,243 daltons. High G + C in the codon usage (66%) of the gene is consistent with the classification of Propionibacterium in the High-G + C subdivision of the Gram-positive bacteria. While showing no sequence identity to the non-allosteric ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase of E. coli, alignments of the amino acid sequence with other PFKs reveal degrees of identities among the amino halves of the proteins, from 26% between the Propionibacterium and potato PPi-PFKs, and 29% between Propionibacterium and E. coli ATP-PFKs. These levels of identities indicate that the amino halves of these proteins are homologous. Identities between the carboxyl half of Propionibacterium PFK and carboxyl halves of other sequences are below 20%, suggesting that the carboxyl half is not homologous. Despite the poor conservation, most of the residues that take part in the binding of fructose-6-P or Mg-PPi could be readily identified by analogy to the structure of the E. coli PFK. Both the fructose-6-P and ATP-binding sites are conserved, indicating that PPi binds to the homologous site of the E. coli ATP-binding site.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Gene Expression; Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Phosphofructokinase-1; Phosphotransferases; Propionibacterium; Sequence Alignment
PubMed: 1653240
DOI: No ID Found -
The Biochemical Journal Aug 1981Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, which specifically interconverts the (2R)- and (2S)- epimers of methylmalonyl-CoA, was purified 95-fold from Propionibacterium shermanii by...
Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, which specifically interconverts the (2R)- and (2S)- epimers of methylmalonyl-CoA, was purified 95-fold from Propionibacterium shermanii by a new method that affords apparently homogeneous enzyme, in 80-100mg quantities, in yields representing about 40% of the activity in cell-free extracts. The specific activity of the purified enzyme, 10.1 mukat/mg, is much greater than previously reported. Native methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase has Mr about 33000, and apparently consists of two identical subunits. The purified enzyme is stable indefinitely when stored at -20 degrees C and pH 8.5, but contrary to previous reports it is not unusually acid-stable. The activity of methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase is increased by Co2+, and to a smaller extent by Ni2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+.
Topics: Amino Acids; Cations, Divalent; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Isomerases; Metals; Propionibacterium; Racemases and Epimerases
PubMed: 7325964
DOI: 10.1042/bj1970413 -
MicrobiologyOpen Sep 2019Cutibacterium acnes, former Proprionibacterium acnes, is a heterogeneous species including acneic bacteria such as the RT4 strain, and commensal bacteria such as the RT6...
Cutibacterium acnes, former Proprionibacterium acnes, is a heterogeneous species including acneic bacteria such as the RT4 strain, and commensal bacteria such as the RT6 strain. These strains have been characterized by metagenomic analysis but their physiology was not investigated until now. Bacteria were grown in different media, brain heart infusion medium (BHI), reinforced clostridial medium (RCM), and in sebum like medium (SLM) specifically designed to reproduce the lipid rich environment of the sebaceous gland. Whereas the RT4 acneic strain showed maximal growth in SLM and lower growth in RCM and BHI, the RT6 non acneic strain was growing preferentially in RCM and marginally in SLM. These differences were correlated with the lipophilic surface of the RT4 strain and to the more polar surface of the RT6 strain. Both strains also showed marked differences in biofilm formation activity which was maximal for the RT4 strain in BHI and for the RT6 strain in SLM. However, cytotoxicity of both strains on HaCaT keratinocytes remained identical and limited. The RT4 acneic strain showed higher inflammatory potential than the RT6 non acneic strain, but the growth medium was without significant influence. Both bacteria were also capable to stimulate β-defensine 2 secretion by keratinocytes but no influence of the bacterial growth conditions was observed. Comparative proteomics analysis was performed by nano LC-MS/MS and revealed that whereas the RT4 strain only expressed triacylglycerol lipase, the principal C. acnes virulence factor, when it was grown in SLM, the RT6 strain expressed another virulence factor, the CAMP factor, exclusively when it was grown in BHI and RCM. This study demonstrates the key influence of growth conditions on virulence expression by C. acnesand suggest that acneic and non acneic strains are related to different environmental niches.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Line; Culture Media; Humans; Keratinocytes; Propionibacterium acnes; Proteome; Sebum; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30950214
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.841 -
Microbial Cell Factories Nov 2022The remains of the heart tissue of Thaddeus Kosciuszko have been investigated as the possible cause of disease and death of the hero of Polish and American nations....
The hero of American and Polish nations: a molecular look at Thaddeus Kosciuszko's cause of death suggests a contribution of endocarditis caused by Cutibacterium acnes infection.
The remains of the heart tissue of Thaddeus Kosciuszko have been investigated as the possible cause of disease and death of the hero of Polish and American nations. Three specimens, DNA isolated from scrappings of wax surface, from the surface of a wooden plate, and from the linen cloth that have had contact with the object were subjected to nanosequencing. From the first two, among all reads identified, only one classified as Propionibacterium acnes (synonymous current name Cutibacterium acnes), had a purported clinical significance. The observed identity between the P. acnes sequences and reference was 89-90% consistent with the hypothesis that the identified reads represent the ancient P. acnes DNA (aDNA), which underwent fragmentation and sequence changes caused by its long-time presence in the environmental conditions conducive to degradation. We present a reasonable and entirely new hypothesis that the analyzed samples could reflect the presence of the bacteria in the original Kosciuszko's heart tissue and that the process of C. acnes infection was progressing inside the organ (endocarditis), not on its surface (pericarditis) leading to rapid deterioration of health and eventually death. We again point out that normal skin and mucosal membranes commensal, a causative agent of common skin acne, may be associated with various severe organ infections posing a threat to health and life.
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Cause of Death; Poland; Endocarditis
PubMed: 36419091
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01970-7