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Infection and Immunity Oct 2015In the present study, human atherosclerotic carotid arteries were examined following endarterectomy for the presence of the Gram-positive bacterium Propionibacterium...
Propionibacterium acnes Recovered from Atherosclerotic Human Carotid Arteries Undergoes Biofilm Dispersion and Releases Lipolytic and Proteolytic Enzymes in Response to Norepinephrine Challenge In Vitro.
In the present study, human atherosclerotic carotid arteries were examined following endarterectomy for the presence of the Gram-positive bacterium Propionibacterium acnes and its potential association with biofilm structures within the arterial wall. The P. acnes 16S rRNA gene was detectable in 4 of 15 carotid artery samples, and viable P. acnes was one among 10 different bacterial species recoverable in culture. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of 5 additional atherosclerotic carotid arteries demonstrated biofilm bacteria within all samples, with P. acnes detectable in 4 samples. We also demonstrated that laboratory-grown cultures of P. acnes biofilms were susceptible to induction of a biofilm dispersion response when challenged with physiologically relevant levels of norepinephrine in the presence of iron-bound transferrin or with free iron. The production and release of lipolytic and proteolytic extracellular enzymes by P. acnes were shown to increase in iron-induced dispersed biofilms, and these dispersion-induced P. acnes VP1 biofilms showed increased expression of mRNAs for the triacylglycerol lipases PPA2105 and PPA1796 and the hyaluronate lyase PPA380 compared to that in untreated biofilms. These results demonstrate that P. acnes can infect the carotid arteries of humans with atherosclerosis as a component of multispecies biofilms and that dispersion is inducible for this organism, at least in vitro, with physiologically relevant levels of norepinephrine resulting in the production and release of degradative enzymes.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Biofilms; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Humans; Iron; Molecular Sequence Data; Norepinephrine; Peptide Hydrolases; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 26216428
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00510-15 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Nov 2017Consumption of human breast milk (HBM) attenuates the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which remains a leading and intractable cause of mortality in preterm...
Consumption of human breast milk (HBM) attenuates the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which remains a leading and intractable cause of mortality in preterm infants. Here, we report that this diminution correlates with alterations in the gut microbiota, particularly enrichment of Propionibacterium species. Transfaunation of microbiota from HBM-fed preterm infants or a newly identified and cultured Propionibacterium strain, P. UF1, to germfree mice conferred protection against pathogen infection and correlated with profound increases in intestinal Th17 cells. The induction of Th17 cells was dependent on bacterial dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (DlaT), a major protein expressed on the P. UF1 surface layer (S-layer). Binding of P. UF1 to its cognate receptor, SIGNR1, on dendritic cells resulted in the regulation of intestinal phagocytes. Importantly, transfer of P. UF1 profoundly mitigated induced NEC-like injury in neonatal mice. Together, these results mechanistically elucidate the protective effects of HBM and P. UF1-induced immunoregulation, which safeguard against proinflammatory diseases, including NEC.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Colon; Dihydrolipoyllysine-Residue Acetyltransferase; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Immunomodulation; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Mice, 129 Strain; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Propionibacterium; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Th17 Cells
PubMed: 28945202
DOI: 10.1172/JCI95376 -
Journal of Dairy Science Sep 2012Supplemental glycerol inhibits rumen lipolysis, a prerequisite for rumen biohydrogenation, which is responsible for the saturation of dietary fatty acids consumed by...
Supplemental glycerol inhibits rumen lipolysis, a prerequisite for rumen biohydrogenation, which is responsible for the saturation of dietary fatty acids consumed by ruminant animals. Feeding excess glycerol, however, adversely affects dry matter digestibility. To more clearly define the effect of supplemental glycerol on rumen lipolysis, mixed populations of ruminal bacteria were incubated with 6 or 20% glycerol (vol/vol). After 48-h anaerobic incubation of mixed culture rumen fluid, rates of free fatty acid production (nmol/mL per h) for the 6 and 20% glycerol-supplemented samples were decreased by 80 and 86%, respectively, compared with rates from nonsupplemented control cultures (12.4±1.0; mean ± SE). Conversely, assay of the prominent ruminal lipase-producing bacteria Anaerovibrio lipolyticus 5S, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49, and Propionibacterium species avidum and acnes revealed no effect of 2 or 10% (vol/vol) added glycerol on lipolytic activity by these organisms. Supplementing glycerol at 6% on a vol/vol basis, equivalent to supplementing glycerol at approximately 8 to 15% of diet dry matter, effectively reduced lipolysis. However, the mechanism of glycerol inhibition of ruminal lipolysis remains to be demonstrated.
Topics: Animals; Body Fluids; Butyrivibrio; Cattle; Glycerol; In Vitro Techniques; Lipolysis; Propionibacterium; Rumen
PubMed: 22916923
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5236 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2017Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder, and is caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and can induce inflammation. Antibiotic therapy often needs to be...
Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder, and is caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and can induce inflammation. Antibiotic therapy often needs to be administered for long durations in acne therapy, which results in extensive antibiotic exposure. The present study investigated a new treatment model for evaluating the antibacterial effects of lysozyme (LY)-shelled microbubbles (MBs) and ultrasound (US)-mediated LY-shelled MBs cavitation against P. acnes both in vitro and in vivo, with the aims of reducing the dose and treatment duration and improving the prognosis of acne vulgaris. In terms of the in vitro treatment efficacy, the growth of P. acnes was inhibited by 86.08 ± 2.99% in the LY-shelled MBs group and by 57.74 ± 3.09% in the LY solution group. For US power densities of 1, 2, and 3 W/cm in the LY-shelled MBs group, the growth of P. acnes was inhibited by 95.79 ± 3.30%, 97.99 ± 1.16%, and 98.69 ± 1.13%, respectively. The in vivo results showed that the recovery rate on day 13 was higher in the US group with LY-shelled MBs (97.8 ± 19.8%) than in the LY-shelled MBs group (90.3 ± 23.3%). Our results show that combined treatments of US and LY-shelled MBs can significantly reduce the treatment duration and inhibit P.-acnes-induced inflammatory skin diseases.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; Colony Count, Microbial; Inflammation; Mice, Inbred ICR; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbubbles; Muramidase; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin Diseases; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 28117399
DOI: 10.1038/srep41325 -
Journal of Dairy Science Mar 2011The microflora of semi-hard cheese made with DL-starter and propionic acid bacteria (PAB) is quite complex, and we investigated the influence of its variation on texture...
The microflora of semi-hard cheese made with DL-starter and propionic acid bacteria (PAB) is quite complex, and we investigated the influence of its variation on texture and contents of organic acids, free amino acids, and volatile compounds. Variation in the microflora within the normal range for the cheese variety Grevé was obtained by using a PAB culture in combination with different DL-starters and making the cheeses at 2 dairy plants with different time and temperature profiles during ripening. Propionic acid bacteria dominated the microflora during ripening after a warm room period at levels of log 8 to log 9 cfu/g, which was about 1 log unit higher than the total number of starter bacteria and about 2 log units higher than the number of nonstarter lactic acid bacteria. Eye formation was observed during the warm room period and further ripening (at 8 to 10°C). The amounts of acetate, propionate, total content of free amino acids, 2-propanol, and ethyl propionate in the ripened cheeses were related to the number of PAB. A decrease in the relative content of Asp and Lys and increase of Phe over the ripening time were different from what is observed in semi-hard cheese without PAB. The occurrence of cracks was higher in cheeses with more hydrolyzed α(S1)- and β-casein, higher content of free amino acids, lower strain at fracture (shorter texture), and a greater number of PAB.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cheese; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Lactococcus lactis; Propionates; Propionibacterium; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 21338776
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3146 -
Respiratory Research Feb 2017This study aims to use high throughput 16SrRNA gene sequencing to examine the bacterial profile of lymph node biopsy samples of patients with sarcoidosis and to further... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to use high throughput 16SrRNA gene sequencing to examine the bacterial profile of lymph node biopsy samples of patients with sarcoidosis and to further verify the association between Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and sarcoidosis.
METHODS
A total of 36 mediastinal lymph node biopsy specimens were collected from 17 cases of sarcoidosis, 8 tuberculosis (TB group), and 11 non-infectious lung diseases (control group). The V4 region of the bacterial 16SrRNA gene in the specimens was amplified and sequenced using the high throughput sequencing platform MiSeq, and bacterial profile was established. The data analysis software QIIME and Metastats were used to compare bacterial relative abundance in the three patient groups.
RESULTS
Overall, 545 genera were identified; 38 showed significantly lower and 29 had significantly higher relative abundance in the sarcoidosis group than in the TB and control groups (P < 0.01). P. acnes 16SrRNA was exclusively found in all the 17 samples of the sarcoidosis group, whereas was not detected in the TB and control groups. The relative abundance of P. acnes in the sarcoidosis group (0.16% ± 0. 11%) was significantly higher than that in the TB (Metastats analysis: P = 0.0010, q = 0.0044) and control groups (Metastats analysis: P = 0.0010, q = 0.0038). The relative abundance of P. granulosum was only 0.0022% ± 0. 0044% in the sarcoidosis group. P. granulosum 16SrRNA was not detected in the other two groups.
CONCLUSION
High throughput 16SrRNA gene sequencing appears to be a useful tool to investigate the bacterial profile of sarcoidosis specimens. The results suggest that P. acnes may be involved in sarcoidosis development.
Topics: Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Male; Middle Aged; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Reproducibility of Results; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Statistics as Topic
PubMed: 28143482
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0515-z -
The Bone & Joint Journal Nov 2018The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of C-reactive protein (CRP)-negative prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and evaluate the...
AIMS
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of C-reactive protein (CRP)-negative prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and evaluate the influence of the type of infecting organism on the CRP level.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis of all PJIs affecting the hip or knee that were diagnosed in our institution between March 2013 and December 2016 was performed. A total of 215 patients were included. Their mean age was 71 years (sd 11) and there were 118 women (55%). The median serum CRP levels were calculated for various species of organism and for patients with acute postoperative, acute haematogenous, and chronic infections. These were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test, adjusting for multiple comparisons with Dunn's test. The correlation between the number of positive cultures and serum CRP levels was estimated using Spearman correlation coefficient.
RESULTS
Preoperative CRP levels were normal (< 10 mg/l) in 77 patients (35.8%) with positive cultures. Low-virulent organisms were isolated in 66 PJIs (85.7%) with normal CRP levels. When grouping organisms by species, patients with an infection caused by Propionibacterium spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), and Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower median serum CRP levels (5.4 mg/l, 12.2 mg/l, and 23.7 mg/l, respectively), compared with those with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. (194 mg/l and 89.3 mg/l, respectively; p < 0.001). Those with a chronic PJI had statistically lower median serum CRP levels (10.6 mg/l) than those with acute postoperative and acute haematogenous infections (83.7 mg/l and 149.4 mg/l, respectively; p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the number of positive cultures and serum CRP levels (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.456; p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The CRP level alone is not accurate as a screening tool for PJI and may yield high false-negative rates, especially if the causative organism has low virulence. Aspiration of the joint should be used for the diagnosis of PJI in patients with a chronic painful arthroplasty, irrespective of CRP level. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1482-86.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Infections; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Chronic Disease; Enterococcus; False Negative Reactions; Female; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Knee Prosthesis; Male; Middle Aged; Propionibacterium; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Virulence
PubMed: 30418061
DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.100B11.BJJ-2018-0514.R1 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Oct 2016Propionibacterium acnes has been implicated in the development of acne vulgaris. Rampant use of topical and systemic antibiotics for acne vulgaris has led to resistance...
INTRODUCTION
Propionibacterium acnes has been implicated in the development of acne vulgaris. Rampant use of topical and systemic antibiotics for acne vulgaris has led to resistance due to selective pressure. This study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance of P. acnes.
METHODOLOGY
A total of 102 samples were collected from acne lesions and cultured onto sheep's blood agar and brain-heart infusion agar supplemented with 5 g/L glucose and 2 mg/L furazolidone) (BHIg) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Species identification was done by conventional methods and the VITEK2 Compact system. The isolates were tested for penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, nadifloxacin, and tetracycline by E-test, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of minocycline was determined by agar dilution on BHIg. MIC results were interpreted as per EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) and CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) guidelines.
RESULTS
P. acnes was the most common anaerobe (66%) isolated. Resistance rates using EUCAST and CLSI breakpoints were 10.6% and 6.1%, 7.6% and 0%, 7.8% and 0% for erythromycin, clindamycin, and minocycline, respectively. Tetracycline resistance was observed in 9.2% isolates irrespective of the interpretative criteria used. MIC50 and MIC90 values for nadifloxacin (0.25 and 1 µg/mL) were found to be twofold lower than those for ciprofloxacin (0.5 and 1 µg/mL). Similarly, MIC50 and MIC90 values for minocycline (0.125 and 0.5 µg/mL) were also two- to threefold lower than those for tetracycline (0.38 and 1 µg/mL).
CONCLUSIONS
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on P. acnes resistance from India.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; India; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prevalence; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 27801379
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.6862 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Mar 2014The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of two thiazolidinedione derivatives on Propionibacterium acnes biofilm formation in vitro and to assess their...
AIMS
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of two thiazolidinedione derivatives on Propionibacterium acnes biofilm formation in vitro and to assess their effect on the susceptibility of P. acnes biofilms towards antimicrobials.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The compounds were shown to have a moderate to strong antibiofilm activity when used in subinhibitory concentrations. These compounds do not affect P. acnes attachment but lead to increased dispersal of biofilm cells. This dispersal results in an increased killing of the P. acnes biofilm cells by conventional antimicrobials.
CONCLUSION
The antibiofilm effect and the effect on biofilm susceptibility of the thiazolidinedione-derived quorum sensing inhibitors were clearly demonstrated.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Propionibacterium acnes infections are difficult to treat due to the presence of biofilms at the infection site and the associated resistance towards conventional antimicrobials. Our results indicate that these thiazolidinedione derivatives can be promising leads used for the treatment of P. acnes infections and as anti-acne drugs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Propionibacterium acnes; Quorum Sensing; Thiazolidinediones
PubMed: 24251377
DOI: 10.1111/jam.12378 -
Applied Microbiology Feb 1973Seventy-two Propionibacterium acnes strains, among which were five from the American Type Culture Collection, five from the Center for Disease Control, and four of group...
Seventy-two Propionibacterium acnes strains, among which were five from the American Type Culture Collection, five from the Center for Disease Control, and four of group II of Voss, were thoroughly examined both biochemically and serologically. On the basis of the fermentation of inositol, maltose, mannitol, and sorbitol, eight biotypes were distinguished. By means of tube agglutination tests with the five absorbed antisera, 95, C51, D34, S140, and Beck, 11 serotypes were defined. The biotypes and serotypes showed no striking relationship to each other. Combined biotyping and serotyping is suggested for subdivision of the P. acnes species.
Topics: Absorption; Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacteriological Techniques; Culture Media; Fermentation; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Inositol; Maltose; Mannitol; Propionibacterium; Rabbits; Serotyping; Sorbitol
PubMed: 4632849
DOI: 10.1128/am.25.2.222-229.1973