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Journal of Food Protection May 2022Providencia rettgeri is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen with a strong biofilm-forming ability in low-nutrition environments. However, information regarding the...
ABSTRACT
Providencia rettgeri is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen with a strong biofilm-forming ability in low-nutrition environments. However, information regarding the impact of simulated food processing conditions on P. rettgeri planktonic growth and biofilm formation is limited. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the combined effects of temperature (19 to 37°C), pH (5 to 9), and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration (0.50 to 2.0%, w/v) were applied to construct planktonic growth and biofilm formation models for P. rettgeri. For both RSM models, an increase in NaCl concentration restricted P. rettgeri growth. Planktonic growth and biofilm formation were maximum at 27.83 and 25.41°C, respectively. Tannic acid (TA) is a highly effective antibacterial agent that inhibited planktonic and biofilm P. rettgeri under optimal growth conditions. The viability of P. rettgeri cells was decreased by TA treatment, which caused destruction of the cell membrane and production of endogenous reactive oxygen species. TA significantly inactivated P. rettgeri biofilms, as verified by observation. The obtained models in this study may be useful for describing the impact of temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration on the growth by P. rettgeri in the food processing environment and better understanding the impacts of food-related conditions on bacterial planktonic growth and biofilm formation. These results obtained for P. rettgeri planktonic cells and biofilms can provide a framework for removal strategies for other foodborne pathogens.
Topics: Biofilms; Plankton; Providencia; Sodium Chloride; Tannins
PubMed: 35271716
DOI: 10.4315/JFP-21-289 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 1979The O-serotyping scheme for Providencia was tested on Providencia alcalifaciens isolates collected mostly from two hospitals. The specificites of the somatic (O)...
The O-serotyping scheme for Providencia was tested on Providencia alcalifaciens isolates collected mostly from two hospitals. The specificites of the somatic (O) antigens of P. alcalifaciens were found to be different from those of Providencia stuartii, and separation of the Providencia typing scheme to allow separate typing of each species led to more efficient typing. All but 4 of 86 isolates were typable. Eighteen serotypes occurred among 53 typable isolates obtained from a pediatric hospital, and 11 occurred among 19 isolates from a general hospital. Thirty-two percent of the isolates from the pediatric hospital belonged to serotype O3, the most frequently isolated and most widely distributed type. The use of the serotyping scheme for P. alcalifaciens is advocated for further studies to examine strains of the species for enteropathogenic types.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Proteus; Providencia; Serotyping
PubMed: 521478
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.10.6.761-765.1979 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Sep 2020The increasing trend of β-lactam resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. This study investigated isolates of the tribe Proteeae (Proteus,...
Antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, AmpC β-lactamases and carbapenemases among Proteus, Providencia and Morganella isolated from global hospitalised patients with intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections: Results of the Study for Monitoring...
OBJECTIVES
The increasing trend of β-lactam resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. This study investigated isolates of the tribe Proteeae (Proteus, Providencia and Morganella) causing intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections from the worldwide Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) collected from 2008-2011.
METHODS
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on isolates with an ertapenem minimum inhibitory concentration >0.5mg/L or those phenotypically producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). ESBLs, AmpC β-lactamases and carbapenemases were detected by multiplex PCR.
RESULTS
A total of 142 isolates, including Proteus mirabilis (n=121), Proteus vulgaris (n=3), Providencia stuartii (n=5), Providencia rettgeri (n=6) and Morganella morganii (n=7), were analysed. Proteus mirabilis was generally susceptible to ertapenem (∼90%) compared with imipenem (≤25%). The most common ESBLs were CTX-M types (n=64), followed by TEM (n=27) and SHV (n=7). CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-15 were the dominant CTX-M-type ESBLs in P. mirabilis isolates. CMY (n=14), which included CMY-2 (n=6), was the most common AmpC β-lactamase, followed by DHA (n=6) and FOX (n=4). NDM (n=7), which included NDM-1 (n=4), was the most common carbapenemase, followed by KPC (n=2). Isolates from hospital-associated infections had more complicated β-lactamase combinations than isolates from community-acquired infections.
CONCLUSION
The global emergence and spread of β-lactamase-producing Proteeae isolates are major issues in tackling antimicrobial resistance. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance trends and developing further resistance surveillance are necessary.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Morganella; Proteus mirabilis; Providencia; Urinary Tract Infections; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 32311502
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.04.011 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Ticks and fleas, as blood-sucking arthropods, carry and transmit various zoonotic diseases. In the natural plague foci of China, monitoring of has been continuously...
INTRODUCTION
Ticks and fleas, as blood-sucking arthropods, carry and transmit various zoonotic diseases. In the natural plague foci of China, monitoring of has been continuously conducted in and other host animals, whereas other pathogens carried by vectors are rarely concerned in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
METHODS
In this study, we investigated the microbiota of ticks and fleas sampling from in the Plateau, China by metataxonomics combined with metagenomic methods.
RESULTS
By metataxonomic approach based on full-length 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and operational phylogenetic unit (OPU) analyses, we described the microbiota community of ticks and fleas at the species level, annotated 1,250 OPUs in ticks, including 556 known species and 492 potentially new species, accounting for 48.50% and 41.71% of the total reads in ticks, respectively. A total of 689 OPUs were detected in fleas, consisting of 277 known species (40.62% of the total reads in fleas) and 294 potentially new species (56.88%). At the dominant species categories, we detected the (OPU 421) and potentially pathogenic new species of , and . Using shotgun sequencing, we obtained 10 metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) from vector samples, including a known species ( DFT2), and six new species affliated to four known genera, i.e., , and . By the phylogenetic analyses based on full-length 16S rRNA genes and core genes, we identified that ticks harbored pathogenic . Moreover, these potentially pathogenic novel species were more closely related to subsp. , and , respectively. The OPU 422 Ehrlichia sp1 was most related to and . The OPU 230 sp1 and spp. (DTF8 and DTF9) was clustered with . The OPU 427 sp1 was clustered with .
DISCUSSION
The findings of the study have advanced our understanding of the potential pathogen groups of vectors in marmot () in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
PubMed: 37415819
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188155 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2023This work aimed to determine the presence of bacterial pathogens in fish with a clinical picture suggestive of infectious disease in Nile tilapia reared in Chiapas,...
This work aimed to determine the presence of bacterial pathogens in fish with a clinical picture suggestive of infectious disease in Nile tilapia reared in Chiapas, Mexico. Blood and viscera samples were taken from healthy and diseased animals from commercial farms. Clinical and pathological examinations of each individual were performed and samples were collected for bacteriological studies. The bacterial isolates were identified and characterized by culture, biochemical tests, antibiogram, challenge tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. and were isolated from various diseased organisms. The clinical picture caused by was characterized by appetite disorders, neurological signs, nodulation or ulceration in different areas and congestion or enlargement of internal organs. Providenciosis in juvenile specimens caused a characteristic picture of hemorrhagic septicemia. Challenge tests performed in healthy organisms revealed that both infections caused higher mortality rates in fish ( < 0.05) compared with non-infected specimens, with 100% survival. There was 100% mortality for animals infected with after three days post infection and 45% for those infected with . The isolation and identification of two pathogens involved in an infection process were achieved and cataloged as potential causal agents of disease outbreaks in tilapia farming in Mexico. This is the first report of possible bacterial infection caused by and in tilapia farms, which are two uncommon but potentially emerging pathogens for the species.
PubMed: 38067066
DOI: 10.3390/ani13233715 -
MSystems 2018Phylosymbiosis was recently proposed to describe the eco-evolutionary pattern whereby the ecological relatedness (e.g., beta diversity relationships) of host-associated...
Phylosymbiosis was recently proposed to describe the eco-evolutionary pattern whereby the ecological relatedness (e.g., beta diversity relationships) of host-associated microbial communities parallels the phylogeny of the host species. Representing the most abundant biological entities on the planet and common members of the animal-associated microbiome, viruses can be influential members of host-associated microbial communities that may recapitulate, reinforce, or ablate phylosymbiosis. Here we sequence the metagenomes of purified viral communities from three different parasitic wasp species, one cytonuclear introgression line of , and the flour moth outgroup Ephestia kuehniella. Results demonstrate complete phylosymbiosis between the viral metagenome and insect phylogeny. Across all contigs, 69% of the genes in the viral metagenomes are either new to the databases or uncharacterized, yet over 99% of the contigs have at least one gene with similarity to a known sequence. The core virome spans 21% of the total contigs, and the majority of that core is likely derived from induced prophages residing in the genomes of common -associated bacterial genera: , , and . We also assemble the first complete viral particle genomes from -associated gut bacteria. Taken together, results reveal the first complete evidence for phylosymbiosis in viral metagenomes, new genome sequences of viral particles from -associated gut bacteria, and a large set of novel or uncharacterized genes in the virome. This work suggests that phylosymbiosis at the host-microbiome level will likely extend to the host-virome level in other systems as well. Viruses are the most abundant biological entity on the planet and interact with microbial communities with which they associate. The virome of animals is often dominated by bacterial viruses, known as bacteriophages or phages, which can (re)structure bacterial communities potentially vital to the animal host. Beta diversity relationships of animal-associated bacterial communities in laboratory and wild populations frequently parallel animal phylogenetic relationships, a pattern termed phylosymbiosis. However, little is known about whether viral communities also exhibit this eco-evolutionary pattern. Metagenomics of purified viruses from recently diverged species of parasitoid wasps reared in the lab indicates for the first time that the community relationships of the virome can also exhibit complete phylosymbiosis. Therefore, viruses, particularly bacteriophages here, may also be influenced by animal evolutionary changes either directly or indirectly through the tripartite interactions among hosts, bacteria, and phage communities. Moreover, we report several new bacteriophage genomes from the common gut bacteria in .
PubMed: 30574559
DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00131-18 -
Microorganisms Jun 2020The potential utilization of black soldier fly () as food or feed is interesting due to the nutritive value and the sustainability of the rearing process. In the present...
The potential utilization of black soldier fly () as food or feed is interesting due to the nutritive value and the sustainability of the rearing process. In the present study, larvae and prepupae of were reared at 20, 27, and 33 °C, to determine whether temperature affects the whole insect microbiota, described using microbiological risk assessment techniques and 16S rRNA gene survey. The larvae efficiently grew across the tested temperatures. Higher temperatures promoted faster larval development and greater final biomass but also higher mortality. Viable Enterobacteriaceae, , , , coagulase-positive staphylococci, , and were detected in prepupae. and counts got higher with the increasing temperature. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, the microbiota of larvae was dominated by (>60%) and other (mainly ) and evolved to a more complex composition in prepupae, with a bloom of , , and , while was still present as the main component. Prepupae largely shared the microbiota with the frass where it was reared, except for few lowly represented taxa. The rearing temperature was negatively associated with the amount of , and positively associated with a variety of other genera, such as , , , , , , , , and . With respect to the microbiological risk assessment, attention should be paid to abundant genera, such as , , , , and , which encompass species described as opportunistic pathogens, bearing drug resistances or causing severe morbidity.
PubMed: 32549385
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060902 -
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Nov 2021Kidney stone is one of the common diseases of the urinary system. About 80% of kidney stones are mainly composed of calcium oxalate. As a huge bacterial network, the...
Kidney stone is one of the common diseases of the urinary system. About 80% of kidney stones are mainly composed of calcium oxalate. As a huge bacterial network, the interaction of gut microbes is complex. Intestinal microbes may play a role in the pathogenesis and prevention of kidney stones. The intestinal flora of patients with calcium oxalate stones possess unique distribution of gut microbes. , , , and are closely related to calcium oxalate stones, which provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of urinary stones.
Topics: Calcium Oxalate; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Oxalobacter formigenes; Urinary Calculi
PubMed: 34911864
DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200513 -
Biology Feb 2023Parasitoids are promising biocontrol agents of the devastating fruit fly, . However, parasitoid performance is a function of several factors, including host-associated...
Parasitoids are promising biocontrol agents of the devastating fruit fly, . However, parasitoid performance is a function of several factors, including host-associated symbiotic bacteria. , , and are among the symbiotic bacteria commonly associated with , and they influence the eco-physiological functioning of this pest. However, whether these bacteria influence the interaction between this pest and its parasitoids is unknown. This study sought to elucidate the nature of the interaction of the parasitoids, , , and with as mediated by symbiotic bacteria. Three types of fly lines were used: axenic, symbiotic, and bacteria-mono-associated (, , and ). The suitable stages of each fly line were exposed to the respective parasitoid species and reared until the emergence of adult flies/parasitoids. Thereafter, data on the emergence and parasitoid fitness traits were recorded. No wasps emerged from the fly lines exposed to . The highest emergence of . and was recorded in the fly lines. The parasitoid progeny from the and fly lines had the longest developmental time and the largest body size. Conversely, parasitoid fecundity was significantly lower in the lines, whereas the lines significantly improved fecundity. These results elucidate some effects of bacterial symbionts on host-parasitoid interactions and their potential in enhancing parasitoid-oriented management strategies against .
PubMed: 36829551
DOI: 10.3390/biology12020274 -
Journal of Insect Science (Online) May 2023Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens (Loew)) (Diptera: Tephritidae) represents a major threat to fruit production in the Western Hemisphere. Sterile insect technique is...
Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens (Loew)) (Diptera: Tephritidae) represents a major threat to fruit production in the Western Hemisphere. Sterile insect technique is used to suppress and eradicate wild populations. Success of this control method necessitates weekly production of hundreds of millions of flies, their sterilization by irradiation, and their aerial release. Diet needed to produce large fly numbers are conducive to the spread of bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 3 rearing facilities and from multiple sources: eggs, larvae, pupae and spent diet, and were found to include some isolates identified to the genus Providencia (Enterobacteriales: Morganellaceae). We identified 41 Providencia isolates and tested their pathogenicity to A. ludens. Based on 16s rRNA sequences, 3 groups were clustered into several species of Providencia with varying capacities to affect the Mexican fruit fly production. Isolates putatively identified as P. alcalifaciens/P. rustigianii were all pathogenic causing larval and pupal yield reduction of 46-64% and 37-57%, respectively. Among them, Providencia isolate 3006 was the most pathogenic reducing larval and pupae yield by 73 and 81%, respectively. Isolates identified as P. sneebia were not pathogenic. The final cluster, P. rettgeri/P. vermicola, were variable in pathogenicity with 3 isolates yielding like the control and the rest causing larval and pupal yield reduction of 26-53% and 23-51%, respectively. Isolates putatively identified as P. alcalifaciens/P. rustigianii were more virulent than P. rettgeri/P. vermicola. Accurate identification of species is needed to diagnose and monitor pathogenic versus nonpathogenic Providencia strains.
Topics: Animals; Tephritidae; Providencia; Virulence; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ovum; Larva; Pupa
PubMed: 37220089
DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead024