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Journal of the American Veterinary... Jun 2018
Topics: Alopecia; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Hyperpigmentation; Sebaceous Gland Diseases
PubMed: 29772977
DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.11.1359 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Dec 2017Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is probably one of the most shocking aspects for oncological patients and underestimated by physicians. Among hair loss risk factors,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is probably one of the most shocking aspects for oncological patients and underestimated by physicians. Among hair loss risk factors, there are treatment-related aspects such as drug dose, administration regimen, and exposure to X-rays, but also patient-related characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, no guidelines are available about CIA management.
AIMS AND METHODS
With this study, based on literature background and our clinical experience, we would like to propose a list of actions in order to estimate the risk of hair loss before starting chemotherapy and to manage this condition before, during, and after drug administration and to create a sort of practical guide for dermatologists and oncologists.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
There is an urgent need for prospective studies to clarify the mechanistic basis of alopecia associated with these drugs and consequently to design evidence-based management strategies.
Topics: Alopecia; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 28150447
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12308 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2013Telogen effluvium (TE) is one of the most common causes of diffuse nonscarring hair loss. In its acute form, it generates a lot of anxiety in the patient, which can be... (Review)
Review
Telogen effluvium (TE) is one of the most common causes of diffuse nonscarring hair loss. In its acute form, it generates a lot of anxiety in the patient, which can be significantly allayed with a confident diagnosis. In its more chronic form, however, the hair loss may go unnoticed for long periods of time. Here in, the dermatologist's role in differentiating it from the more common patterned hair loss is significant. Differentiating TE from other causes of diffuse nonscarring hair loss can indeed be a daunting task and TE is often used as a waste basket diagnosis. A number of factors have been implicated in the causation of TE, however, clear evidence in their support is lacking. The role of stress as a causative factor as well as the result of hair loss needs to be adequately understood. This review aims at summarizing our current level of knowledge with respect to this very common cause of hair loss. An attempt is made to help the readers reliably differentiate TE from other causes of diffuse nonscarring hair loss. The possible causative factors, pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical presentation, and possible treatment options are discussed.
Topics: Acute Disease; Alopecia; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 23974577
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.116731 -
Medical Archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and... Apr 2021Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is an androgen-related condition that develops in genetically predisposed individuals. The condition is characterized by the progressive loss... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is an androgen-related condition that develops in genetically predisposed individuals. The condition is characterized by the progressive loss of terminal hairs on the scalp in a characteristic distribution. Trichoscopy represents the dermoscopy imaging of the scalp and hair. Structures which may be visualized by trichoscopy include hair shafts, hair follicle openings, perifollicular epidermis and cutaneous microvessels.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this prospective study was to identify the trichoscopic features of androgenetic alopecia.
METHODS
Hundred-four patients with AGA and 80 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Data on age, gender, personal and family history, clinical type and duration of disease were collected and analyzed. Control group consisted of 80 generally healthy subjects. Trichoscopic examination was performed using either videodermatoscope or handheld dermatoskope. Trichoscopy results were obtained in frontal, occipital and both temporal areas of the scalp, including number of yellow dots and vellus hairs, number of hairs in one pilosebaceous unit and percentage of follicular ostia with perifollicular hyperpigmentation. The data were statistically evaluated.
RESULTS
The number of yellow dots, pilosebaceous units with only one hair and with perifollicular hyperpigmentation was significantly increased in androgenetic alopecia (p<0.05). The percentage of thin hairs (<0.03 mm) in AGA was significantly higher than in healthy controls (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our study has shown the significances of trichoscopy of patients with AGA. Regular clinical and trichoscopical follow-ups are very important to monitor disease activity and treatment tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alopecia; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Female; Hair Follicle; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult
PubMed: 34219869
DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.109-111 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2018Hair disorders are common in clinical practice and depending upon social and ethnic norms, it can cause significant psychosocial distress. Hair growth, cycling and... (Review)
Review
Hair disorders are common in clinical practice and depending upon social and ethnic norms, it can cause significant psychosocial distress. Hair growth, cycling and density are regulated by many endogenous factors, mainly circulating hormones. Thus, diseases affecting the endocrine system can cause varied changes in physiological hair growth and cycling. Diagnosis and treatment of these disorders require a multidisciplinary approach involving a dermatologist, gynecologist and an endocrinologist. In this review, we briefly discuss the influence of hormones on the hair cycle and hair changes in various endocrine disorders.
Topics: Alopecia; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Hair Diseases; Hirsutism; Humans; Hypertrichosis; Male
PubMed: 30027913
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_671_17 -
Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina,... Dec 2021Cicatricial alopecia (CA) results from irreversible destruction and fibrosis of hair follicles. Trichoscopy offers a noninvasive method for diagnosis.
INTRODUCTION
Cicatricial alopecia (CA) results from irreversible destruction and fibrosis of hair follicles. Trichoscopy offers a noninvasive method for diagnosis.
METHODS
Thirty-two patients clinically diagnosed with CA were subjected to trichoscopy and histopathology assessment. The sensitivity and specificity of clinical and trichoscopic diagnoses were compared to histopathology.
RESULTS
Thirty-two patients were clinically diagnosed as follows: 12 with discoid lupus erythematosus, four with lichen planopilaris (LPP), two with frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), three with folliculitis decalvans (FD), nine with central cicatricial centrifugal alopecia (CCCA), and two with long-term alopecia areata. Trichocopy revealed discoid lupus in 13 patients, LPP in nine, FFA in two, FD in three, central centrifugal alopecia in four, and pseudopelade in one. Histopathology confirmed discoid lupus in 13 patients, LPP in five, FFA in two, FD in three, CCCA in six, pseudopelade in two, and sarcoidosis in one. The sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnosis were 69.2% and 84.2% in discoid lupus, 40.0% and 92.6% in LPP, 100.0% and 100.0% in FFA, 66.7% and 96.6% in FD, and 66.7% and 80.8% in central centrifugal alopecia. The sensitivity and specificity of trichoscopy were 84.6% and 89.5% in discoid lupus, 100.0% and 85.2% in LPP, 100.0% and 100.0% in FFA and FD, 66.7% and 100.0% in central centrifugal alopecia, and 50.0% and 100.0% in pseudopelade.
CONCLUSIONS
Trichoscopy can be equivalent to histopathology for diagnosing some cases of CA.
Topics: Alopecia; Humans
PubMed: 34929988
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2013Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common cause of hair loss in women characterized by diffuse reduction in hair density over the crown and frontal scalp with... (Review)
Review
Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common cause of hair loss in women characterized by diffuse reduction in hair density over the crown and frontal scalp with retention of the frontal hairline. Its prevalence increases with advancing age and is associated with significant psychological morbidity. The pathophysiology of FPHL is still not completely understood and seems to be multifactorial. Although androgens have been implicated, the involvement of androgen-independent mechanisms is evident from frequent lack of clinical or biochemical markers of hyperandrogenism in affected women. The role of genetic polymorphisms involving the androgen and estrogen receptors is being increasingly recognized in its causation and predicting treatment response to anti-androgens. There are different clinical patterns and classifications of FPHL, knowledge of which facilitates patient management and research. Chronic telogen effluvium remains as the most important differential diagnosis. Thorough history, clinical examination, and evaluation are essential to confirm diagnosis. Patients with clinical signs of androgen excess require assessment of biochemical parameters and imaging studies. It is prudent to screen the patients for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors. The treatment comprises medical and/or surgical modalities. Medical treatment should be initiated early as it effectively arrests hair loss progression rather than stimulating regrowth. Minoxidil continues to be the first line therapy whereas anti-androgens form the second line of treatment. The progressive nature of FPHL mandates long-term treatment for sustained effect. Medical therapy may be supplemented with cosmetic concealment in those desirous of greater hair density. Surgery may be worthwhile in some carefully selected patients.
Topics: 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; Alopecia; Androgen Antagonists; Female; Finasteride; Humans; Minoxidil; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 23974580
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.116732 -
American Family Physician Jul 2003Hair loss (alopecia) affects men and women of all ages and often significantly affects social and psychologic well-being. Although alopecia has several causes, a careful... (Review)
Review
Hair loss (alopecia) affects men and women of all ages and often significantly affects social and psychologic well-being. Although alopecia has several causes, a careful history, dose attention to the appearance of the hair loss, and a few simple studies can quickly narrow the potential diagnoses. Androgenetic alopecia, one of the most common forms of hair loss, usually has a specific pattern of temporal-frontal loss in men and central thinning in women. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved topical minoxidil to treat men and women, with the addition of finasteride for men. Telogen effluvium is characterized by the loss of "handfuls" of hair, often following emotional or physical stressors. Alopecia areata, trichotillomania, traction alopecia, and tinea capitis have unique features on examination that aid in diagnosis. Treatment for these disorders and telogen effluvium focuses on resolution of the underlying cause.
Topics: Alopecia; Antifungal Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Fluconazole; Humans; Hypotrichosis; Minoxidil; Tinea Capitis; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 12887115
DOI: No ID Found -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2013
Topics: Alopecia; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Syphilis, Cutaneous
PubMed: 23995009
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.0452 -
Atencion Primaria Apr 2019
Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Friction; Humans; Leg; Male
PubMed: 30579572
DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2018.03.012