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Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Mar 2018This paper deals with the history of the relationship between the mind-body dualism and the epistemology of madness. Earlier versions of such dualism posed little... (Review)
Review
This paper deals with the history of the relationship between the mind-body dualism and the epistemology of madness. Earlier versions of such dualism posed little problem in regard to the manner of their communication. The Cartesian view that mind and body did, in fact, name different substances introduced a problem of incommunicability that is yet to be resolved. Earlier views that madness may be related to changes in the brain began gaining empirical support during the 17th century. Writers on madness chose to resolve the mind-body problem differently Some stated that such communication was not needed; others, that mind was a redundant concept, as madness could be fully explained by structural changes in the brain; and yet others described psychological spaces for madness to inhabit as a symbolic conflict. The epistemology of the neurosciences bypasses the conundrum, as it processes all together the variables representing the brain, subjectivity, and behavior and bridges the "philosophical" gap by means of correlational structures.
Topics: Humans; Knowledge; Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical; Philosophy, Medical; Psychiatry
PubMed: 29946206
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2018.20.1/gberrios -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Aug 2014Interventional psychiatry offers substantial therapeutic benefits in some neuropsychiatric disorders and enormous potential in treating others. However, as...
Interventional psychiatry offers substantial therapeutic benefits in some neuropsychiatric disorders and enormous potential in treating others. However, as interventional diagnostics and therapeutics require specialized knowledge and skill foreign to many psychiatrists, the emerging subspecialty of interventional psychiatry must be more formally integrated into the continuum of psychiatric training to ensure both safe application and continued growth. By establishing training paradigms for interventional psychiatry, academic medical centers can help fill this knowledge gap. The cultivation of a properly trained cohort of interventional psychiatrists will better meet the challenges of treatment-resistant psychiatric illness through safe and ethical practice, while facilitating a more informed development and integration of novel neuromodulation techniques.
Topics: Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychiatry; Specialization
PubMed: 25191910
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.13l08745 -
Lille Medical : Journal de La Faculte... Oct 1972
Topics: Neurology; Psychiatry
PubMed: 4657640
DOI: No ID Found -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2020There is an increasing interest in spirituality in relation to psychiatry.
AIM: Exploring the place and meaning of spirituality in mental healthcare.
METHOD: A... (Review)Review
There is an increasing interest in spirituality in relation to psychiatry.
AIM: Exploring the place and meaning of spirituality in mental healthcare.
METHOD: A narrative review of recent developments and results of scientific studies.
RESULTS: Spirituality is related to better (mental) health, wellbeing and longevity, but definitions and conceptualisation are still unclear. Clinical attention is recommended, including awareness of certain risks, but these are not systematically investigated in psychiatry.
CONCLUSION: Spirituality seems to be an important lifestyle factor, that correlates positively with (mental) health, but there is a need for better definitions, conceptualisation and recommendations based on scientific research. A multidisciplinary guideline for psychiatry seems desirable.Topics: Humans; Mental Health; Psychiatry; Spirituality
PubMed: 33443746
DOI: No ID Found -
Australasian Psychiatry : Bulletin of... Apr 2022To provide an overview of specific aspects of historical and possible future trajectories of psychiatry.
OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of specific aspects of historical and possible future trajectories of psychiatry.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychiatric treatments alleviate suffering, promote physical health, and are associated with increased longevity. As the biological underpinnings of mental illnesses are slowly uncovered, they generally cease to be primarily part of psychiatry (e.g. epilepsy, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis). If this process continues, the biological basis of all symptom-based 'mental illnesses' might be described, and psychiatry absorbed into neurology and other disciplines. This will be a positive development if it provides better treatment for mental illness and psychiatric symptoms in other conditions, which is psychiatry's sole concern. Psychiatry's own survival as a distinct discipline is irrelevant if other disciplines can do the job better, possibly in collaboration. Given the tiny impact of neuroscience on psychiatry to date, the disappearance of psychiatry is unlikely to occur anytime soon, if ever. It is possible that human psychological functioning and psychiatric suffering are sufficiently complex and changeable as to defy complete, fine-grained, neuroscientific explanation. This would leave a role for psychiatry indefinitely, treating the immensely disabling, biologically unexplained clusters of symptoms that we currently call 'mental illnesses', increasingly in collaboration with, or absorbed within, other disciplines in medicine.
Topics: Forecasting; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 34839735
DOI: 10.1177/10398562211048141 -
Der Nervenarzt May 2023The transition from socialist dictatorship to liberal democracy in the GDR was associated with political and social upheaval. The transformation accompanying the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The transition from socialist dictatorship to liberal democracy in the GDR was associated with political and social upheaval. The transformation accompanying the democratic sociopolitical process is examined using the example of the Association for Neurology and Psychiatry of the GDR, which led to its unification with the German Association for Psychiatry and Neurology (DGPN).
METHOD
For the historical investigation material from the archives of the DGPPN as well as the personal belongings of the protagonists of the time were used and eyewitness interviews were conducted.
RESULTS
The transformation process can also be seen for the Association for Neurology and Psychiatry of the GDR. As at the political level, there was also a loss of legitimacy at the board level of the Association for Psychiatry and Neurology in 1990. The new understanding of democracy required the participation of all members. The Spokesman Council and the DGPN (East) were responsible for establishing and consolidating democratic structures.
CONCLUSION
Beyond the transformation process, little is known about the merger. The phase of reorientation at the beginning of the 1990s should be examined for the DGPN as well as the question of how to deal with the suspected political abuse of psychiatry in the GDR.
Topics: Humans; History, 20th Century; Democracy; Psychiatry; Neurology; Germany, East
PubMed: 36806889
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01445-z -
L'Encephale Jun 2019The clinical efficacy of neurofeedback is still a matter of debate. This paper analyzes the factors that should be taken into account in a transdisciplinary approach to... (Review)
Review
The clinical efficacy of neurofeedback is still a matter of debate. This paper analyzes the factors that should be taken into account in a transdisciplinary approach to evaluate the use of EEG NFB as a therapeutic tool in psychiatry. Neurofeedback is a neurocognitive therapy based on human-computer interaction that enables subjects to train voluntarily and modify functional biomarkers that are related to a defined mental disorder. We investigate three kinds of factors related to this definition of neurofeedback. We focus this article on EEG NFB. The first part of the paper investigates neurophysiological factors underlying the brain mechanisms driving NFB training and learning to modify a functional biomarker voluntarily. Two kinds of neuroplasticity involved in neurofeedback are analyzed: Hebbian neuroplasticity, i.e. long-term modification of neural membrane excitability and/or synaptic potentiation, and homeostatic neuroplasticity, i.e. homeostasis attempts to stabilize network activity. The second part investigates psychophysiological factors related to the targeted biomarker. It is demonstrated that neurofeedback involves clearly defining which kind of relationship between EEG biomarkers and clinical dimensions (symptoms or cognitive processes) is to be targeted. A nomenclature of accurate EEG biomarkers is proposed in the form of a short EEG encyclopedia (EEGcopia). The third part investigates human-computer interaction factors for optimizing NFB training and learning during the closed loop interaction. A model is proposed to summarize the different features that should be controlled to optimize learning. The need for accurate and reliable metrics of training and learning in line with human-computer interaction is also emphasized, including targeted biomarkers and neuroplasticity. All these factors related to neurofeedback show that it can be considered as a fertile ground for innovative research in psychiatry.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Electroencephalography; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurofeedback; Psychiatry
PubMed: 30885442
DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2019.02.001 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2015
Topics: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Netherlands; Psychiatry
PubMed: 25601621
DOI: No ID Found -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2022The hypothesis that etiopathogeneses of psychiatric disorders are determined by interplay between genetic background and environmental factors, as well their...
The hypothesis that etiopathogeneses of psychiatric disorders are determined by interplay between genetic background and environmental factors, as well their interactions can increasingly be put to direct scientific test, based on a wave of methodological, technological and knowledge developments.
AIM: To provide insight into and to provide perspective on some important scientific developments and facilitate challenges in this area.
METHOD: Narrative overview of the scientific literature and formulation of a concept and future perspective.
RESULTS: The overview points to concrete progress in the fields of genetic epidemiology, environmental analyses, gene-environment interactions and epigenetics in psychiatry. For example, recent studies have provided evidence for the existence of interactions and correlations between genetic and environmental factors, interdependence of risk-influencing effects of environmental factors, and translational neurobiological studies have identified biological processes that influence the impact of (or the response to) environmental influences on individuals mediate. These important steps to translate epidemiological research into testable biological hypotheses are facilitated by new techniques and the availability of large and relevant clinical and biological datasets.
CONCLUSION: Scientific progress on the interplay between genetic background and environmental factors enriches the conceptual framework of the etiopathogenesis of mental disorders and provides a future perspective in which we are likely to receive answers to a number of clinically relevant questions in the coming decade.
.Topics: Environment; Genetic Background; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychiatry
PubMed: 35735044
DOI: No ID Found -
Der Nervenarzt Nov 2020
Topics: Germany; Humans; Psychiatry; Psychotherapy; Social Environment
PubMed: 33136194
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-00981-2