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Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Jan 2021
PubMed: 34483760
DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20200044 -
Psychopharmacology Aug 2019Psychopharmacology needs novel quantitative measures and theoretical approaches based on computational modelling that can be used to help translate behavioural findings... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Psychopharmacology needs novel quantitative measures and theoretical approaches based on computational modelling that can be used to help translate behavioural findings from experimental animals to humans, including patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.
OBJECTIVES
This brief review exemplifies this approach when applied to recent published studies of the effects of manipulating central dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems in rodents and marmoset monkeys, and possible comparisons with healthy human volunteers receiving systemic agents or patients with depression and schizophrenia.
METHODS
Behavioural effects of central depletions of dopamine or serotonin in monkeys in probabilistic learning paradigms are characterised further by computational modelling methods and related to rodent and human data.
RESULTS
Several examples are provided of the power of computational modelling to derive new measures and reappraise conventional explanations of regional neurotransmitter depletion and other drug effects, whilst enhancing construct validation in patient groups. Specifically, effects are shown on such parameters as 'stimulus stickiness' and 'side stickiness', which occur over and above effects on standard parameters of reinforcement learning, reminiscent of some early innovations in data analysis in psychopharmacology.
CONCLUSIONS
Computational modelling provides a useful methodology for further detailed analysis of behavioural mechanisms that are affected by pharmacological manipulations across species and will aid the translation of experimental findings to understand the therapeutic effects of medications in neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as facilitating future drug discovery.
Topics: Animals; Computational Biology; Depressive Disorder; Dopamine; Humans; Learning; Psychopharmacology; Reinforcement, Psychology; Schizophrenia; Serotonin; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 31273400
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05302-3 -
Bundesgesundheitsblatt,... Jul 2023The drug treatment of mental illness in childhood and adolescence poses a particular clinical and legal challenge. Reasons for this include the often necessary... (Review)
Review
The drug treatment of mental illness in childhood and adolescence poses a particular clinical and legal challenge. Reasons for this include the often necessary off-label use and existing knowledge gaps regarding the long-term effects of the neuro-/psychotropic drugs used. In this article, the prerequisites for therapy with neuro/psychotropic drugs, such as the need for age-appropriate inclusion of children and adolescents in the decision-making and education process, as well as the evaluation of medication, the consideration of biological age- and maturation-related factors, and the special measures for off-label use, are discussed. We further discuss general problems in the development and use of neuro-/psychotropic drugs, such as the difficulties in relation to proof of effectiveness, reimbursement and liability issues of off-label administration, and the problems of conducting clinical trials with children and adolescents.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Psychopharmacology; Off-Label Use; Germany; Psychotropic Drugs; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37277511
DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03718-z -
Cells Feb 2022Ketamine is a rapid-acting antidepressant with proven efficacy as an add-on agent in unipolar and bipolar treatment-resistant depression. Although many studies have been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Ketamine is a rapid-acting antidepressant with proven efficacy as an add-on agent in unipolar and bipolar treatment-resistant depression. Although many studies have been published, there is still not enough data on the effect of ketamine in combination with other medications. Particularly interesting is the combination of ketamine and lamotrigine, and its potential role in bipolar depression. The aim of this review was to identify animal and human studies in which ketamine and lamotrigine were used together in order to find out if there is scientific ground for combining ketamine and lamotrigine in the treatment of mood disorders. Directions for future studies are presented.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed and Web of Science were searched. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA 2020 methodology was applied.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies were included for review. Animal studies using models of depression suggested a synergistic effect of ketamine and lamotrigine in combination. Studies on healthy humans showed a reduction in ketamine-induced dissociative symptoms with lamotrigine pretreatment. In a study on patients with depression, ketamine and lamotrigine did not have a stronger antidepressant effect than ketamine alone, but in this study only one ketamine infusion was administered. One case series described the antidepressant and anti-suicidal effect of the combination in two bipolar patients. Available clinical studies on patients with mood disorders did not support the hypothesis that lamotrigine reduces ketamine-induced dissociative symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the analyzed studies were not sufficient to answer any of the stated questions; however, they allowed us to delineate future research directions. The identified animal studies suggested a possible synergistic antidepressant effect of ketamine and lamotrigine. The available clinical studies were not conclusive. No controlled studies on large groups of bipolar patients with multiple ketamine infusions combined with lamotrigine treatment have been published so far. There is some evidence for the reduction of ketamine's side effects by lamotrigine, and there are reports suggesting that lamotrigine can reduce ketamine craving. More studies with follow-up are needed in order to investigate the ketamine-lamotrigine combination in bipolar patients.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Humans; Ketamine; Lamotrigine; Psychopharmacology
PubMed: 35203296
DOI: 10.3390/cells11040645 -
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 2019Drug development in psychiatry is gradually moving from serendipity to personalized medicine. Some promising paths will be reviewed in this issue. .
Drug development in psychiatry is gradually moving from serendipity to personalized medicine. Some promising paths will be reviewed in this issue. .
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurosciences; Psychopharmacology
PubMed: 31636485
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/fthibaut -
Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford,... Feb 2023The British Association for Psychopharmacology course on child and adolescent psychopharmacology has been run for more than 20 years and is currently a very popular... (Review)
Review
The British Association for Psychopharmacology course on child and adolescent psychopharmacology has been run for more than 20 years and is currently a very popular course, attracting around 140 delegates/year from across the United Kingdom and abroad. As Faculty of recent sessions of the course, we have selected the most common questions we have been asked in recent years and provided evidence-based and/or expert-informed answers. We have included 27 questions and answers related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and depressive disorders, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, epilepsy (in differential diagnosis or comorbid with mental health conditions), obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorders, psychotic spectrum disorders, and tics/Tourette syndrome in children and young people. We hope that this article will be helpful for prescribers in their daily clinical practice and we look forward to further, high-level evidence informing the answers to these and other questions in child and adolescent psychopharmacology.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Psychopharmacology; Psychotropic Drugs; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 36476096
DOI: 10.1177/02698811221140005 -
Psychopharmacology Bulletin Jun 2022Nearly forty percent of women with PMDD remain impaired and resistant to first-line agents. This reflects complexity and heterogeneity of etiopathogenesis at the core of... (Review)
Review
Nearly forty percent of women with PMDD remain impaired and resistant to first-line agents. This reflects complexity and heterogeneity of etiopathogenesis at the core of PMDD. Some agents, in the pipeline, sound promising that might usher in a new sparkle in the psychopharmacology of PMDD.
Topics: Female; Humans; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
PubMed: 35815174
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford,... Apr 2024As Faculty of the British Association for Psychopharmacology course on child and adolescent psychopharmacology, we present here what we deem are the most common... (Review)
Review
As Faculty of the British Association for Psychopharmacology course on child and adolescent psychopharmacology, we present here what we deem are the most common pitfalls, and how to avoid them, in child and adolescent psychopharmacology. In this paper, we specifically addressed common pitfalls in the pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders, and tic disorder. Pitfalls in the treatment of other disorders are addressed in a separate paper (part II).
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Psychopharmacology; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Anxiety Disorders; Tic Disorders; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Comorbidity
PubMed: 38494948
DOI: 10.1177/02698811241239582 -
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2017
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychopharmacology; Psychotherapy; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 29131128
DOI: 10.1159/000479820 -
The Breast Journal 2015Here, we review the prevalence and treatment of anxiety and depression among patients with breast cancer. Cancer-related symptoms include similarities to responses to... (Review)
Review
Here, we review the prevalence and treatment of anxiety and depression among patients with breast cancer. Cancer-related symptoms include similarities to responses to traumatic stress. Well-developed screening devices for identifying and tracking psychiatric comorbidity are discussed. Basic principles of psychopharmacology, and individual and group psychotherapy are presented. Finally, effects of effective treatment of anxiety and depression on quality of life and overall survival are reviewed.
Topics: Anxiety; Breast Neoplasms; Comorbidity; Depression; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Sleep Wake Disorders; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25377647
DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12355