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Development and Psychopathology 2009We examined puberty-specific effects on affect-related behavior and on the psychophysiology of defensive and appetitive motivation while controlling for age. Adolescents...
We examined puberty-specific effects on affect-related behavior and on the psychophysiology of defensive and appetitive motivation while controlling for age. Adolescents (N = 94, ages = 12 and 13 years) viewed 75 pictures (International Affective Picture System: pleasant, neutral, and aversive) while listening to auditory probes. Startle response and postauricular (PA) reflex were collected as measures of defensive and appetitive motivation, respectively. Pubertal status and measures of anxiety/stress reaction and sensation/thrill seeking were obtained. Mid-/late pubertal adolescents showed enhanced startle amplitude across all picture valences. A Puberty x Valence interaction revealed that mid-/late pubertal adolescents showed appetitive potentiation of the PA, whereas pre-/early pubertal adolescents showed no modulation of the PA reflex. Mid-/late pubertal adolescents also scored significantly higher on measures of sensation/thrill seeking than did their pre-/early pubertal peers and puberty moderated the association between psychophysiology and behavioral measures, suggesting that it plays a role in reorganizing defensive and appetitive motivational systems.
Topics: Adolescent; Affect; Anxiety; Appetite; Appetitive Behavior; Auditory Perception; Blinking; Child; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Male; Motivation; Psychology, Adolescent; Puberty; Reflex, Startle; Risk-Taking; Sensation; Visual Perception
PubMed: 19144221
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579409000030 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
Topics: Color; Humans; Placebo Effect; Placebos; Psychophysiology; Tablets
PubMed: 8990985
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.313.7072.1569 -
Journal of Autism and Developmental... Feb 2015
Topics: Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Humans; Models, Psychological; Psychophysiology; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 25429873
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2325-1 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2020This research aimed to analyze the psychophysiological stress response of air crews in an underwater evacuation training.
BACKGROUND
This research aimed to analyze the psychophysiological stress response of air crews in an underwater evacuation training.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We analyzed in 36 participants (39.06 ± 9.01 years) modifications in the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), subjective stress perception (SSP), heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (BOS), cortical arousal (critical flicker fusion threshold, CFFT), heart rate variability (HRV), spirometry, isometric hand strength (IHS), and short-term memory (ST-M) before and after an underwater evacuation training.
RESULTS
The maneuver produced a significant ( ≤ 0.05) increase in the SSP, RPE, Mean HR and maximum HR (Max HR), and a decrease in minimum HR (Min HR) and HRV.
CONCLUSION
An underwater evacuation training produced an increase in the sympathetic nervous system modulation, elevating the psychophysiological stress response of the air crews, not negatively affecting their cortical arousal.
Topics: Adult; Arousal; Hand Strength; Heart Rate; Humans; Memory, Short-Term; Middle Aged; Military Personnel; Physical Exertion; Psychophysiology; Simulation Training; Stress, Psychological; Water
PubMed: 32235421
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072307 -
Psychophysiology Jul 2022Most pain studies have focused on only two aspects of pain: the influence of pain on attentional processing and the modulation of pain perception by affective stimuli....
Most pain studies have focused on only two aspects of pain: the influence of pain on attentional processing and the modulation of pain perception by affective stimuli. However, the influence of tonic pain on the attentional processing of affective stimuli has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of tonic pain on the attentional processing of affective stimuli, focusing on autonomic responses and their relationship with both EEG power and functional connectivity. Forty participants (20 men and 20 women) received tonically painful and nonpainful thermal stimulation while viewing blocks of pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral images. The galvanic skin conductance response (SCR), electrocardiographic activity, and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in the delta and theta bands were recorded. Participants rated the unpleasantness of the pain at the end of each block. Typical affective SCR and heart rate (HR) patterns were found in the no-pain condition, but when the pain was delivered, these patterns disappeared. EEG power and functional connectivity results showed that tonic pain affected the delta band in the central region during pleasant and unpleasant image blocks. Our findings suggest that tonic pain captured attentional focus and reduced the cognitive resources available for processing affective stimuli, altering the emotional experience associated with pain.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Electroencephalography; Emotions; Female; Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; Male; Pain
PubMed: 35128683
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14018 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2019James One (MindProber Labs) is a wireless psychophysiological device comprising two sensors: one measuring electrodermal activity (EDA), the other photoplethysmography...
James One (MindProber Labs) is a wireless psychophysiological device comprising two sensors: one measuring electrodermal activity (EDA), the other photoplethysmography (PPG). This paper reports the validation of James One's EDA sensor by comparing its signal against a research grade polygraph. Twenty participants were instructed to perform breathing exercises to elicit the modulation of EDA and heart rate, while the physiological signal was captured simultaneously on James One and a Biopac MP36. The resulting EDA and PPG records collected from both systems were comprehensively compared. Results suggest that James One captures EDA signal with a quality comparable to a research grade equipment, this constituting a reliable means of capturing data while minimizing setup time and intrusiveness.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Photoplethysmography; Psychophysiology; Reproducibility of Results; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Wireless Technology
PubMed: 31698694
DOI: 10.3390/s19224824 -
Psychophysiology Aug 2023Attention is regulated by three independent but interacting networks, that is, alerting, comprising phasic alertness and vigilance, orienting, and executive control....
Attention is regulated by three independent but interacting networks, that is, alerting, comprising phasic alertness and vigilance, orienting, and executive control. Previous studies analyzing event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with attentional networks have focused on phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control, without an independent measure of vigilance. ERPs associated with vigilance have been instead measured in separate studies and via different tasks. The present study aimed to differentiate ERPs associated with attentional networks by simultaneously measuring vigilance along with phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control. Forty participants (34 women, age: M = 25.96; SD = 4.96) completed two sessions wherein the electroencephalogram was recorded while they completed the Attentional Networks Test for Interactions and Vigilance-executive and arousal components, a task that measures phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control along with executive (i.e., detection of infrequent critical signals) and arousal (i.e., sustaining a fast reaction to environmental stimuli) vigilance. ERPs previously associated with attentional networks were replicated here: (a) N1, P2, and contingent negative variation for phasic alertness; (b) P1, N1, and P3 for orienting; and (c) N2 and slow positivity for executive control. Importantly, different ERPs were associated with vigilance: while the executive vigilance decrement was associated with an increase in P3 and slow positivity across time-on-task, arousal vigilance loss was associated with reduced N1 and P2 amplitude. The present study shows that attentional networks can be described by different ERPs simultaneously observed in a single session, including independent measures of executive and arousal vigilance on its assessment.
Topics: Humans; Female; Reaction Time; Psychomotor Performance; Attention; Arousal; Executive Function; Evoked Potentials
PubMed: 36812133
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14272 -
Nature Reviews. Neuroscience Feb 2003
Review
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Biomedical Enhancement; Ethics; Humans; Neurosciences; Personal Autonomy; Presumed Consent; Psychophysiology
PubMed: 12563286
DOI: 10.1038/nrn1031 -
Psychophysiology Mar 2023Both real-world experience and behavioral laboratory research suggest that entirely irrelevant stimuli (distractors) can interfere with a primary task. However, it is as...
Both real-world experience and behavioral laboratory research suggest that entirely irrelevant stimuli (distractors) can interfere with a primary task. However, it is as yet unknown whether such interference reflects competition for spatial attention - indeed, prominent theories of attention predict that this should not be the case. Whilst electrophysiological indices of spatial capture and spatial suppression have been well-investigated, experiments have primarily utilized distractors which share a degree of task-relevance with targets, and are limited to the visual domain. The present research measured behavioral and ERP responses to test the ability of salient yet entirely task-irrelevant visual and auditory distractors to compete for spatial attention during a visual task, while also testing for potentially enhanced competition from multisensory distractors. Participants completed a central letter search task, while ignoring lateralized visual (e.g., image of a dog), auditory (e.g., barking), or multisensory (e.g., image + barking) distractors. Results showed that visual and multisensory distractors elicited a P component indicative of active lateralized suppression. We also establish for the first time an auditory analog of the P component, the P , elicited by auditory and multisensory distractors. Interestingly, there was no evidence to suggest enhanced ability of multisensory distractors to compete for attentional selection, despite previous proposals of a "special" saliency status for such items. Our findings hence suggest that irrelevant multisensory and unisensory distractors are similarly capable of eliciting a spatial "attend-to-me" signal - a precursor of spatial attentional capture - but at least in the present data set did not elicit full spatial attentional capture.
Topics: Attention; Reaction Time; Humans
PubMed: 36114739
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14181 -
Psychophysiology Sep 2023Selective encoding can be studied by manipulating how valuable it is for participants to remember specific stimuli, for instance, by varying the monetary reward...
Selective encoding can be studied by manipulating how valuable it is for participants to remember specific stimuli, for instance, by varying the monetary reward participants receive for recalling a particular stimulus in a subsequent memory test. It would be reasonable for participants to strategically attend more to high-reward items compared to low-reward items in mixed list contexts, but to attend both types of items equally in pure list contexts, where all items are of equal value. Reward-enhanced memory may be driven by automatic dopaminergic interactions between reward circuitry and the hippocampus and thus be insensitive to list context; or it may be driven by meta-cognitive strategies, and thus context-dependent. We contrasted these alternatives by manipulating list composition and tracked selective encoding through multiple EEG measures of attention and rehearsal. Behavioral results were context-dependent, such that recall of high-reward items was increased only in mixed lists. This result and aspects of the recall dynamics confirm predictions of the eCMR (emotional Context Maintenance and Retrieval) model. The power of ssVEPs was lower for high-reward items regardless of list composition, suggesting decreased visual processing of high-reward stimuli and that ssVEPs may index the modulation of context-to-item associations predicted by eCMR. By contrast, reward modulated the amplitude of Late Positive Potential and Frontal Slow Wave only in mixed lists. Taken together, the results provide evidence that reward-enhanced memory is caused by an interplay between strategic processes applied when high- and low-reward items compete for cognitive resources during encoding and context-dependent mechanisms operating during recall.
Topics: Humans; Mental Recall; Learning; Attention; Emotions; Reward
PubMed: 37160669
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14322