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The British Journal of General Practice... Jan 2015
Topics: Attitude to Health; Humans; Nocebo Effect; Physician-Patient Relations; Placebo Effect; Psychophysiology
PubMed: 25548293
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp15X683017 -
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs Mar 2018It has been nearly 15 years since Kazdin and Nock published methodological and research recommendations for understanding mechanisms of change in child and adolescent...
OBJECTIVE
It has been nearly 15 years since Kazdin and Nock published methodological and research recommendations for understanding mechanisms of change in child and adolescent therapy. Their arguments and enthusiasm for research on mechanisms of behavior change (MOBCs) resonated across disciplines and disorders, as it shined a light on the crucial importance of understanding how and for whom treatments instigate behavior change and how therapeutic mechanisms might be extended to "situations and settings of everyday life." Initial efforts focused on how psychotherapy works and linear models, yet the use of theory to guide the study of mechanisms, and laboratory experiments to manipulate them, is broadly applicable.
METHOD
This article considers dynamic physiological processes that support behavior change. Specifically, it examines the utility of psychophysiological methods to measure and promote behavior change. Moreover, it embeds the baroreflex mechanism, a well-defined heart-brain feedback loop, within the theories and strategies of MOBC research.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Individuals' subjective and expressive experience of change does not always align with their physiological reactivity. Thus, behavior change may be best understood when concurrently assessed across multiple biobehavioral levels. Further, behavior is initiated in the moment, often before conscious deliberation, suggesting that multilevel behavior change research may benefit from real-time methodological designs. Last, substance use trajectories vary widely, suggesting that different MOBCs are more or less active in individuals depending on their personal constituency and the functional need that their substance use serves; thus, methods that are amenable to personalized modeling approaches are important.
Topics: Baroreflex; Humans; Psychophysiology; Psychotherapy; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 29553350
DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.229 -
Scandinavian Journal of Work,... 1990The psychophysiology of shift work is mainly related to circadian rhythmicity and sleep-wake phenomena. Individuals on a rotating three-shift or similar system work the... (Review)
Review
The psychophysiology of shift work is mainly related to circadian rhythmicity and sleep-wake phenomena. Individuals on a rotating three-shift or similar system work the night shift at the low phase of circadian rhythm. On retiring to bed in the morning they fall asleep rapidly but are prematurely awakened by their circadian rhythm and exhibit severe sleepiness and reduced performance capacity. In connection with the morning shift the circadian psychophysiology makes it difficult to fall asleep as early as needed during the preceding night. Around 0400 to 0500, when the individuals should rise, they have difficulties awakening because of the sleep loss and the circadian rhythm, which at that point is at its lowest. Subsequently, day work is characterized by sleepiness and reduced performance. It should be emphasized that it does not seem possible to improve one's ability to adjust over time, even with permanent night work. Older age and "morningness" personality are related to higher than average problems in adjusting.
Topics: Age Factors; Body Temperature; Circadian Rhythm; Efficiency; Fatigue; Humans; Psychophysiology; Risk Factors; Sleep; Work; Work Schedule Tolerance
PubMed: 2189223
DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.1819 -
Psychophysiology Mar 2023The concealed information test (CIT) was designed to detect concealed knowledge. It does so by measuring differential physiological and behavioral responses to... (Review)
Review
The concealed information test (CIT) was designed to detect concealed knowledge. It does so by measuring differential physiological and behavioral responses to concealed, compared to control, items - i.e., the CIT effect. Although the CIT has gained extensive empirical support in laboratory studies, scientific validity requires also a theoretical understanding of the method's underlying mechanisms. In this article, we present a new theoretical perspective. Specifically, we elaborate and clarify several features of Orienting Response (OR) theory, which has been the dominant theory in this domain. Importantly, we suggest for the first time that the voluntary (rather than the involuntary) OR modulates the CIT effect. Second, we argue that motivational-emotional accounts of the CIT effect are consistent with OR theory and cannot be considered as alternative approaches. Finally, we discuss some more recent developments which highlight the idea that different physiological measures reflect different underlying mechanisms - an idea dubbed as response fractionation.
Topics: Humans; Lie Detection; Galvanic Skin Response; Motivation; Emotions; Deception
PubMed: 36166641
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14187 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Apr 2018This paper applies evolutionary and functional constructivism approaches to the discussion of psychological taxonomies, as implemented in the neurochemical model... (Review)
Review
This paper applies evolutionary and functional constructivism approaches to the discussion of psychological taxonomies, as implemented in the neurochemical model Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET). FET asserts that neurochemical systems developed in evolution to regulate functional-dynamical aspects of construction of actions: orientation, selection (integration), energetic maintenance, and management of automatic behavioural elements. As an example, the paper reviews the neurochemical mechanisms of interlocking between emotional dispositions and performance capacities. Research shows that there are no specific neurophysiological systems of positive or negative affect, and that emotional valence is rather an integrative product of many brain systems during estimations of needs and the capacities required to satisfy these needs. The interlocking between emotional valence and functional aspects of performance appears to be only partial since all monoamine and opioid receptor systems play important roles in non-emotional aspects of behaviour, in addition to emotionality. This suggests that the Positive/Negative Affect framework for DSM/ICD classifications of mental disorders oversimplifies the structure of non-emotionality symptoms of these disorders. Contingent dynamical relationships between neurochemical systems cannot be represented by linear statistical models searching for independent dimensions (such as factor analysis); nevertheless, these relationships should be reflected in psychological and psychiatric taxonomies.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
Topics: Brain; Emotions; Humans; Individuality; Mental Disorders; Models, Psychological; Nerve Net; Neuronal Plasticity; Orientation; Psychomotor Performance; Psychophysiology; Temperament; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 29483351
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0167 -
Psychophysiology Oct 2014Functional infrared thermal imaging (fITI) is considered an upcoming, promising methodology in the emotional arena. Driven by sympathetic nerves, observations of... (Review)
Review
Functional infrared thermal imaging (fITI) is considered an upcoming, promising methodology in the emotional arena. Driven by sympathetic nerves, observations of affective nature derive from muscular activity subcutaneous blood flow as well as perspiration patterns in specific body parts. A review of 23 experimental procedures that employed fITI for investigations of affective nature is provided, along with the adopted experimental protocol and the thermal changes that took place on selected regions of interest in human and nonhuman subjects. Discussion is provided regarding the selection of an appropriate baseline, the autonomic nature of the thermal print, the experimental setup, methodological issues, limitations, and considerations, as well as future directions.
Topics: Arousal; Autonomic Nervous System; Emotions; Humans; Psychophysiology; Skin Temperature
PubMed: 24961292
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12243 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) May 2017Thermal infrared imaging has been proposed, and is now used, as a tool for the non-contact and non-invasive computational assessment of human autonomic nervous activity... (Review)
Review
Thermal infrared imaging has been proposed, and is now used, as a tool for the non-contact and non-invasive computational assessment of human autonomic nervous activity and psychophysiological states. Thanks to a new generation of high sensitivity infrared thermal detectors and the development of computational models of the autonomic control of the facial cutaneous temperature, several autonomic variables can be computed through thermal infrared imaging, including localized blood perfusion rate, cardiac pulse rate, breath rate, sudomotor and stress responses. In fact, all of these parameters impact on the control of the cutaneous temperature. The physiological information obtained through this approach, could then be used to infer about a variety of psychophysiological or emotional states, as proved by the increasing number of psychophysiology or neurosciences studies that use thermal infrared imaging. This paper presents a review of the principal achievements of thermal infrared imaging in computational psychophysiology, focusing on the capability of the technique for providing ubiquitous and unwired monitoring of psychophysiological activity and affective states. It also presents a summary on the modern, up-to-date infrared sensors technology.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Humans; Infrared Rays; Neurosciences; Psychophysiology; Respiratory Rate; Skin Temperature
PubMed: 28475155
DOI: 10.3390/s17051042 -
NeuroImage Sep 2009Combining human functional neuroimaging with other forms of psychophysiological measurement, including autonomic monitoring, provides an empirical basis for... (Review)
Review
Combining human functional neuroimaging with other forms of psychophysiological measurement, including autonomic monitoring, provides an empirical basis for understanding brain-body interactions. This approach can be applied to characterize unwanted physiological noise, examine the neural control and representation of bodily processes relevant to health and morbidity, and index covert expression of affective and cognitive processes to enhance the interpretation of task-evoked regional brain activity. In recent years, human neuroimaging has been dominated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. The spatiotemporal information of fMRI regarding central neural activity is valuably complemented by parallel physiological monitoring, yet such studies still remain in the minority. This review article highlights fMRI studies that employed cardiac, vascular, respiratory, electrodermal, gastrointestinal and pupillary psychophysiological indices to address specific questions regarding interaction between brain and bodily state in the context of experience, cognition, emotion and behaviour. Physiological monitoring within the fMRI environment presents specific technical issues, most importantly related to safety. Mechanical and electrical hazards may present dangers to scanned subjects, operator and/or equipment. Furthermore, physiological monitoring may interfere with the quality of neuroimaging data, or itself be compromised by artefacts induced by the operation of the scanner. We review the sources of these potential problems and the current approaches and advice to enable the combination of fMRI and physiological monitoring in a safe and effective manner.
Topics: Artifacts; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Monitoring, Physiologic; Psychophysiology
PubMed: 19460445
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.033 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... May 2001This paper describes the changing concepts of health and disease including the burden of disease and the effect of biological, psychological and social factors on... (Review)
Review
This paper describes the changing concepts of health and disease including the burden of disease and the effect of biological, psychological and social factors on health. In particular, the impact of behaviour on health is discussed and means of affecting behaviour for health, such as religion, are described.
Topics: Cost of Illness; Health Behavior; Health Priorities; Health Status; Humans; Mediterranean Region; Mental Health; Psychoneuroimmunology; Psychophysiology; Quality of Life
PubMed: 12690754
DOI: No ID Found -
Computer Methods and Programs in... Jun 2020Psychotherapy is one of the most common pathways to help individuals address any mental disorders. However, the traditional method of assessing mental health has a...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Psychotherapy is one of the most common pathways to help individuals address any mental disorders. However, the traditional method of assessing mental health has a margin for improvement. The recent advances in digital technology (e.g., smartphones and wearables) and machine learning techniques can support psychotherapy through the addition of psychophysiology. This paper presents RevitalMe, a context-aware model for assisting a psychotherapeutic understanding of human behavior, providing psychophysiological insights from real-life.
METHODS
Five volunteers used RevitalMe's prototype in natural environments for eight days each. Ecological Momentary Assessment was used to collect individuals' stressful states, and to label real-life data. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was performed to verify a significant difference between the labeled states. Then, RevitalMe classified psychological states based on physiological measurements through machine learning, associating them with the behavior of the individual. After that, visual insights were generated through contexts processing and presented to psychotherapists as evidence of an individual's daily behavior and psychological state. Twelve psychotherapists evaluated the clinical acceptability of RevitalMe, answering six quantitative statements and two qualitative questions. Furthermore, a t-Test was performed to investigate clinical acceptability given therapy field and clinical years.
RESULTS
The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test succeeds in proving that labeled states were statistically significant, and RevitalMe achieved an F1-Score of 75% in the binary classification of stressed states in natural environments. The evaluation showed clinical acceptability of 90%, composed by partial agreement of 62% and a total agreement of 28%. In this regard, the t-Test provided that the level of interest from cognitive-behavior therapists in psychophysiological insight was higher than that from psychodynamic therapists.
CONCLUSIONS
The psychophysiological insights approximate cognitive-behavior psychotherapy to individual's behavior and daily events, focusing on assistance in mental healthcare.
Topics: Awareness; Machine Learning; Models, Psychological; Psychophysiology
PubMed: 31935581
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105299