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Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2000Developments have occurred in all aspects of psychosomatic medicine. Among factors affecting individual vulnerability to all types of disease, the following have been... (Review)
Review
Developments have occurred in all aspects of psychosomatic medicine. Among factors affecting individual vulnerability to all types of disease, the following have been highlighted by recent research: recent and early life events, chronic stress and allostatic load, personality, psychological well-being, health attitudes and behavior. As to the interaction between psychological and biological factors in the course and outcome of disease, the presence of psychiatric (DSM-IV) as well as subclinical (Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research) symptoms, illness behavior and the impact on quality of life all need to be assessed. The prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of physical illness include the consideration for psychosomatic prevention, the treatment of psychiatric morbidity and abnormal illness behavior and the use of psychotropic drugs in the medically ill. In the past 60 years, psychosomatic medicine has addressed some fundamental questions, contributing to the growth of other related disciplines, such as psychoneuroendocrinology, psychoimmunology, consultation-liaison psychiatry, behavioral medicine, health psychology and quality of life research. Psychosomatic medicine may also provide a comprehensive frame of reference for several current issues of clinical medicine (the phenomenon of somatization, the increasing occurrence of mysterious symptoms, the demand for well-being and quality of life), including its new dialogue with mind-body and alternative medicine.
Topics: Complementary Therapies; Depressive Disorder; Forecasting; Health Status; Humans; Psychoneuroimmunology; Psychophysiology; Psychosomatic Medicine; Quality of Life; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 10867586
DOI: 10.1159/000012393 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2015Thermal infrared imaging has been proposed as a potential system for the computational assessment of human autonomic nervous activity and psychophysiological states in a... (Review)
Review
Thermal infrared imaging has been proposed as a potential system for the computational assessment of human autonomic nervous activity and psychophysiological states in a contactless and noninvasive way. Through bioheat modeling of facial thermal imagery, several vital signs can be extracted, including localized blood perfusion, cardiac pulse, breath rate, and sudomotor response, since all these parameters impact the cutaneous temperature. The obtained physiological information could then be used to draw inferences about a variety of psychophysiological or affective states, as proved by the increasing number of psychophysiological studies using thermal infrared imaging. This paper presents therefore a review of the principal achievements of thermal infrared imaging in computational physiology with regard to its capability of monitoring psychophysiological activity.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Galvanic Skin Response; Heart Rate; Humans; Infrared Rays; Models, Neurological; Models, Psychological; Psychometrics; Psychophysiology; Respiratory Rate; Skin; Stress, Physiological; Stress, Psychological; Sweating; Thermography
PubMed: 26339284
DOI: 10.1155/2015/984353 -
Neuron Jun 2014Focusing on the Human Brain Project, I discuss some social and ethical challenges raised by such programs of research: the possibility of a unified knowledge of "the... (Review)
Review
Focusing on the Human Brain Project, I discuss some social and ethical challenges raised by such programs of research: the possibility of a unified knowledge of "the brain," balancing privacy and the public good, dilemmas of "dual use," brain-computer interfaces, and "responsible research and innovation" in governance of emerging technologies.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain-Computer Interfaces; Confidentiality; Humans; Psychophysiology; Social Responsibility
PubMed: 24945767
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.001 -
Psychophysiology Mar 2016The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative endeavors to foster a science of psychopathology based around dimensions of brain-behavior relationships as opposed to...
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative endeavors to foster a science of psychopathology based around dimensions of brain-behavior relationships as opposed to subjectively based diagnostic categories. A rapidly accumulating array of transdiagnostic commonalities, across multiple objective and subjective measures, underscores the clear potential of this initiative. At the same time, a road map for guiding future RDoC research efforts is needed that draws upon the wealth of extant disorder-specific findings. In this issue, Hamm and colleagues provide an example of conceptualizing within-disorder processes in terms of dimensional brain-behavior relationships that advances the understanding of panic disorder with agoraphobia beyond the conventional nosological framework. Their findings and conceptual model are reviewed and discussed in terms of broader transdiagnostic implications.
Topics: Brain; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurosciences; Psychophysiology; Research
PubMed: 26877120
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12602 -
Journal of Physiological Anthropology... Mar 2001The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of developmental researches in the area of psychophysiology of emotions in preschool and elementary school... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of developmental researches in the area of psychophysiology of emotions in preschool and elementary school children. Electrodermal and cardiovascular activity measures are considered as the sources of indices of the autonomic nervous system activation during emotion-eliciting stimulation in children. We discuss the question of sensitivity of phasic and tonic autonomic measures for the identification of occurrence of emotion, mapping it along with valence and arousal dimensions in affective space, and to further differentiate emotions by their physiological manifestations. Considered are the conceptual and methodological issues related to psychophysiological measurements and developmental factors affecting the emotional reactivity in children. Special attention is devoted to the developmental aspects of psychophysiological studies on emotion such as the maturation of organs, integration of the autonomic and central nervous systems, age and gender-related changes in autonomic reactivity, and development of inhibitory control. Summarized are main findings relevant to psychophysiology of emotions in preschool and early school-age children and suggested are most perspective directions of their integration in the framework of modern theories of emotion.
Topics: Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Child; Child Development; Emotions; Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; Psychophysiology; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 11385939
DOI: 10.2114/jpa.20.55 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022Our sense of time is fallible, often resulting in the sensation of time flying by quickly or dragging slowly. It has been suggested that changes in sympathetic (SNS) and...
Our sense of time is fallible, often resulting in the sensation of time flying by quickly or dragging slowly. It has been suggested that changes in sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity may influence the perceived passage of time, however this proposition has never been tested during real-world temporal experience. The current study directly tested the relationship between the passage of time and SNS-PNS activity in the real-world. Sixty-seven participants completed a normal day's activities whilst wearing sensors to capture electrocardiography (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA) and movement. They also provided hourly rating of the subjective speed at which time was passing. Results revealed that greater SNS activity (e.g., increased heart rate, frequency of phasic skin conductance response) was associated with time passing more quickly. PNS activity was not related to time experience. Whilst the findings support previous suggestions that changes in physiological arousal are associated with distortions to the passage of time, the effects are small and other factors are likely to contribute to real-world temporal experience.
Topics: Electrocardiography; Galvanic Skin Response; Heart Rate; Humans; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Psychophysiology; Sympathetic Nervous System; Time
PubMed: 35902608
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16198-z -
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Jun 1987
Topics: Holistic Health; Humans; Psychophysiology
PubMed: 3625682
DOI: 10.1177/014107688708000601 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Apr 2018Throughout the last 2500 years, the classification of individual differences in healthy people and their extreme expressions in mental disorders has remained one of the... (Review)
Review
Throughout the last 2500 years, the classification of individual differences in healthy people and their extreme expressions in mental disorders has remained one of the most difficult challenges in science that affects our ability to explore individuals' functioning, underlying psychobiological processes and pathways of development. To facilitate analyses of the principles required for studying individual differences, this theme issue brought together prominent scholars from diverse backgrounds of which many bring unique combinations of cross-disciplinary experiences and perspectives that help establish connections and promote exchange across disciplines. This final paper presents brief commentaries of some of our authors and further scholars exchanging perspectives and reflecting on the contributions of this theme issue.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
Topics: Brain; Emotions; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Medieval; Humans; Individuality; Interdisciplinary Research; Mental Disorders; Models, Psychological; Nerve Net; Psychomotor Performance; Psychophysiology; Temperament; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 29483355
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0172 -
Behavioural Brain Research Jun 2012As part of a festschrift issue for Philip Teitelbaum, I offer here the thesis that Teitelbaum deserves to be viewed as an important forefather to the contemporary field... (Review)
Review
As part of a festschrift issue for Philip Teitelbaum, I offer here the thesis that Teitelbaum deserves to be viewed as an important forefather to the contemporary field of affective neuroscience (which studies motivation, emotion and affect in the brain). Teitelbaum's groundbreaking analyses of motivation deficits induced by lateral hypothalamic damage, of roles of food palatability in revealing residual function, and of recovery of 'lost' functions helped shape modern understanding of how motivation circuits operate within the brain. His redefinition of the minimum requirement for identifying motivation raised the conceptual bar for thinking about the topic among behavioral neuroscientists. His meticulous analyses of patterned stages induced by brain manipulations, life development and clinical disorders added new dimensions to our appreciation of how brain systems work. His steadfast highlighting of integrative functions and behavioral complexity helped provide a healthy functionalist counterbalance to reductionist trends in science of the late 20th century. In short, Philip Teitelbaum can be seen to have made remarkable contributions to several domains of psychology and neuroscience, including affective neuroscience.
Topics: Affect; Animals; Behavior; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Dopamine; Globus Pallidus; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Hypothalamus; Limbic System; Motivation; Neurosciences; Pleasure; Psychophysiology; Rats; Recovery of Function
PubMed: 22051942
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.10.030 -
Psychophysiology Mar 2022The process of learning allows organisms to develop predictions about outcomes in the environment, and learning is sensitive to both simple associations and higher order...
The process of learning allows organisms to develop predictions about outcomes in the environment, and learning is sensitive to both simple associations and higher order knowledge. However, it is unknown whether consciously attending to expectations shapes the learning process itself. Here, we directly tested whether rating expectations shapes arousal during classical conditioning. Participants performed an aversive learning paradigm wherein one image (CS+) was paired with shock on 50% of trials, while a second image (CS-) was never paired with shock. Halfway through the task, contingencies reversed. One group of participants rated the probability of upcoming shock on each trial, while the other group made no online ratings. We measured skin conductance response (SCR) evoked in response to the CS and used traditional analyses as well as quantitative models of reinforcement learning to test whether rating expectations influenced arousal and aversive reversal learning. Participants who provided online expectancy ratings displayed slower learning based on a hybrid model of adaptive learning and reduced reversal of SCR relative to those who did not rate expectations. Mediation analysis revealed that the effect of associative learning on SCR could be fully explained through its effects on subjective expectancy within the group who provided ratings. This suggests that the act of rating expectations reduces the speed of learning, likely through changes in attention, and that expectations directly influence arousal. Our findings indicate that higher order expectancy judgments can alter associative learning.
Topics: Adult; Arousal; Attention; Conditioning, Classical; Female; Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; Male; Reversal Learning; Young Adult
PubMed: 34837385
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13979