-
Respiratory Research Feb 2021Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease. Several risk factors such as smoking, air pollution, inhaled toxins, high body mass index and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease. Several risk factors such as smoking, air pollution, inhaled toxins, high body mass index and infectious agents are involved in the pathogenesis of IPF. In the present study, this meta-analysis study investigates the prevalence of viral and bacterial infections in the IPF patients and any possible association between these infections with pathogenesis of IPF.
METHODS
The authors carried out this systematic literature review from different reliable databases such as PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar to December 2020.Keywords used were the following "Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis", "Infection", "Bacterial Infection" and "Viral Infection", alone or combined together with the Boolean operators "OR", "AND" and "NOT" in the Title/Abstract/Keywords field. Pooled proportion and its 95% CI were used to assess the prevalence of viral and bacterial infections in the IPF patients.
RESULTS
In this systematic review and meta-analyses, 32 studies were selected based on the exclusion/inclusion criteria. Geographical distribution of included studies was: eight studies in American people, 8; in European people, 15 in Asians, and one in Africans. The pooled prevalence for viral and bacterial infections w ere 53.72% (95% CI 38.1-69.1%) and 31.21% (95% CI 19.9-43.7%), respectively. The highest and lowest prevalence of viral infections was HSV (77.7% 95% CI 38.48-99.32%), EBV (72.02%, 95% CI 44.65-90.79%) and Influenza A (7.3%, 95% CI 2.66-42.45%), respectively. Whereas the highest and lowest prevalence in bacterial infections were related to Streptococcus sp. (99.49%, 95% CI 96.44-99.9%) and Raoultella (1.2%, 95% CI 0.2-3.08%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this review were confirmed that the presence of viral and bacterial infections are the risk factors in the pathogenesis of IPF. In further analyses, which have never been shown in the previous studies, we revealed the geographic variations in the association strengths and emphasized other methodological parameters (e.g., detection method). Also, our study supports the hypothesis that respiratory infection could play a key role in the pathogenesis of IP.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Humans; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Risk Factors; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 33579274
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01650-x -
Gut Pathogens 2017The gut of human harbors diverse commensal microbiota performing an array of beneficial role for the hosts. In the present study, the major commensal gut bacteria...
BACKGROUND
The gut of human harbors diverse commensal microbiota performing an array of beneficial role for the hosts. In the present study, the major commensal gut bacteria isolated by culturing methods from 15 children of moderate income families, aged between 10 and 24 months, were studied for their response to different antibiotics, and the molecular basis of drug resistance.
RESULTS
Of 122 bacterial colonies primarily selected from Luria-Bertani agar, bacterial genera confirmed by analytical profile index (API) 20E system included as the predominant (52%) organism, followed by (16%), (12%), (6%), (6%), (3%), and (3%); while and were identified as the infrequently occurring genera. An estimated 11 and 22% of the isolates carried virulence marker genes -2 and , respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed 78% of the gut bacteria to be multidrug resistant (MDR) with highest resistance to erythromycin (96%), followed by ampicillin (63%), tetracycline (59%), azithromycin (53%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (43%), cefixime (39%), and ceftriaxone (33%). PCR assay results revealed 56% of the gut bacteria to possess gene cassette Class 1 integron; while 8, 17.5 and 6% of the strains carried tetracycline resistance-related genes A, B, and D, respectively. The macrolide (erythromycin and azithromycin) resistance marker genes A, B, and B were found in 28, 3 and 5% of bacterial isolates, respectively; while 26, 12, 17, 32, 7, 4 and 3% of the MDR bacterial isolates carried the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-related genes e.g., , , , , , and respectively. Majority of the MDR gut bacteria harbored large plasmids [e.g., 140 MDa (43%), 105 MDa (30%), 90 MDa (14%)] carrying invasion and related antibiotic resistance marker genes.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest gut of young Bangladeshi children to be an important reservoir for multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria carrying ESBL related genes.
PubMed: 28439298
DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0170-4 -
Archives of Virology Jan 2023The rise of antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains has led to vigorous exploration for alternative treatments. To this end, phage therapy has been revisited, and it...
The rise of antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains has led to vigorous exploration for alternative treatments. To this end, phage therapy has been revisited, and it is gaining increasing attention, as it may represent an efficient alternative for treating multiresistant pathogenic bacteria. Phage therapy is considered safe, and phages do not infect eukaryotic cells. There have been many studies investigating phage-host bacteria interactions and the ability of phages to target specific hosts. Escherichia coli is the causative agent of a multitude of infections, ranging from urinary tract infections to sepsis, with growing antibiotic resistance. In this study, we characterized the Escherichia phage fBC-Eco01, which was isolated from a water sample collected at Oued, Tunis. Electron microscopy showed that fBC-Eco01 phage particles have siphovirus morphology, with an icosahedral head of 61 ± 3 nm in diameter and a non-contractile tail of 94 ± 2 nm in length and 12 ± 0.9 nm in width. The genome of fBC-Eco01 is a linear double-stranded DNA of 43.466 bp with a GC content of 50.4%. Comparison to databases allowed annotation of the functions to 39 of the 78 predicted gene products. A single-step growth curve revealed that fBC-Eco01 has a latent period of 30 minutes and a burst size of 175 plaque-forming units (PFU) per infected cell. Genomic analysis indicated that fBC-Eco01 is a member of the subfamily Guernseyvirinae. It is most closely related to a group of phages of the genus Kagunavirus that infect Enterobacter, Raoultella, and Escherichia strains.
Topics: Wastewater; Tunisia; Genome, Viral; Bacteriophages; Escherichia coli; Siphoviridae
PubMed: 36609878
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05680-8 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2020is a pathogen causing an increasing number of pediatric infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of infections in...
is a pathogen causing an increasing number of pediatric infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of infections in children. As a retrospective analysis, clinical features and drug susceptibility data of the five cases were analyzed and related literature was reviewed. A total of 14 cases (eight females, six males) were analyzed: nine cases were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and three domestic databases; five cases occurred in our hospital. The primary diseases of the older children were mainly of neoplastic and immune origin, while cases of infants and young children were mostly complicated by congenital malformation. Fever was the main symptom, and neonatal infection was mainly manifested by dyspnea and hypoxemia, with multiple skin flushes, systemic erythema, and leukocytosis. Of the 14 cases, six were ventilator-assisted, five had indwelling urethral catheters, three had surgical treatment or chemotherapy, and one had multiple rounds of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Blood infection is the main route of infection in children. Skin flushing and systemic erythema might be positive clues for newborn infection. Patients with multiple congenital abnormalities are susceptible to infection. Tumors, immune deficiency, and invasive operations increase the risk of infection. Blood culture was the main method of disease identification. Based on the drug susceptibility results, the preferred antibiotics are third generations of cephalosporins, carbapenems, quinolone, and aminoglycoside. Lastly, patients with sepsis mostly have poor prognosis.
PubMed: 32754562
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00362 -
Journal of Food Protection Aug 2017Precooking of tuna is a potential critical control point (CCP) in the commercial manufacturing of canned tuna. To assess the efficacy of precooking as a CCP, an...
Precooking of tuna is a potential critical control point (CCP) in the commercial manufacturing of canned tuna. To assess the efficacy of precooking as a CCP, an understanding of the thermal properties of histamine-producing bacteria (HPB) and their histidine decarboxylase (HDC) enzymes is required. The thermal properties of many HPB have been determined, but the thermal resistances of the HDC enzymes are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the D- and z-values of selected HDC enzymes to evaluate the CCP of precooking during the canning process and provide scientific data to support U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines. HDC (hdc) genes from three strains each of Morganella morganii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Raoultella planticola, and Photobacterium damselae were cloned, expressed, and purified using the Champion pET Directional TOPO Expression System, pET100 cloning vector, and HisPur Cobalt resin. The heat resistances of all enzymes were compared at 50°C, and the D- and z-values from one strain of each HPB were determined at 50 to 60°C. To evaluate the heat inactivation of HDC enzymes during canned tuna processing, tuna tissue was inoculated with HDCs and heated to 60°C in a water bath set at 65 and 100°C. The D-values for the HDC enzymes from M. morganii, E. aerogenes, R. planticola, and P. damselae ranged from 1.6 to 4.1, 1.6 to 6.3, 1.9 to 4.3, and 1.6 to 2.9 min, respectively, at 50 to 60°C. The z-values for M. morganii, E. aerogenes, R. planticola, and P. damselae were 19.2, 18.0, 22.0, and 13.3°C, respectively. The HDCs from all HPB except E. aerogenes showed no significant activity after being heated to 60°C. The data generated in this study will help refine current guidelines for the thermal destruction of the HDC enzymes.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Histamine; Histidine Decarboxylase; Hot Temperature; Seafood
PubMed: 28696146
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-17-008 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019is an opportunistic pathogen of the Enterobacteriaceae family and has been implicated in nosocomial infections in recent years. The aim of this study was to...
is an opportunistic pathogen of the Enterobacteriaceae family and has been implicated in nosocomial infections in recent years. The aim of this study was to characterize a carbapenemase-producing isolate and three extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates from stool samples of adults in a rural area of Shandong Province, China. The species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that all four isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The whole genome sequence (WGS) of these isolates was determined using an Illumina HiSeq platform, which revealed MDR-related genes. The S1 nuclease-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) was used to characterize the plasmids carried by the isolates. The and genes were probed using Southern blotting, which confirmed the location of both genes on the same plasmid with molecular weight of 336.5-398.4 kb. The transferability of and was also confirmed by conjugation assays. Finally, BLAST analysis of both genes showed that mobile genetic elements were associated with the spread of drug resistance genes. Taken together, we report the presence of conjugative and plasmids in isolates from healthy humans, which indicate the possibility of inter-species transfer of drug resistance genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate and characterize carbapenemase-producing and ESBL-producing isolates from healthy human hosts.
PubMed: 31824461
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02678 -
Environmental Analysis, Health and... Dec 2023The indiscriminate deposition of metal-containing substances into the environment contributes significantly to high concentrations of metals in the soil resulting in...
The indiscriminate deposition of metal-containing substances into the environment contributes significantly to high concentrations of metals in the soil resulting in resistance to metals and consequentially to antibiotics by inherent microbes which may eventually spread to other pathogenic microbes thereby elevating disease burden due to antibiotic resistance. The study aimed at determining the co-occurrence of resistance of bacteria isolated from metal-contaminated soil to heavy metals and subsequently, antibiotics. Metal-tolerant bacteria were randomly isolated from top soils from a battery waste site using the pour plate method. Selected isolates were identified using biochemical tests, then, subjected to elevating supplemented concentrations of different metal salts at 100-500 μg/mL to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Isolates tolerant to minimum three metals up to 400 μg/mL were subjected to Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (25 μg), Imipenem (10 μg), Amoxicillin (30 μg), Ciprofloxacin (10 μg) and Tigecycline (15 μg) and observations interpreted using the guiding principle of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Metal concentrations in the soils exceeded permissible limits. In total, 16 isolates were selected and identified as Proteus sp. (1), Pseudomonas spp. (5), Enterobacter spp. (2), Klebsiella spp. (2), Escherichia spp. (3), Raoultella spp. (2) and Rahnella sp. (1). Thirteen (81.25 %) of all isolates showed multi-resistance to the metals and seven exhibited multidrug-resistance, with 4 (57.1 %) showing resistance to three different classes of antibiotics and 3 (42.9 %) showed resistance to four antibiotic classes. Heavy metal-tolerant bacteria isolated from this study possess co-selection potentials as they showed resistance to different metals and antibiotics classes which is a concern to public health.
PubMed: 38298043
DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2023024 -
Veterinary Sciences Oct 2023The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment exacerbates the contamination of these genes; therefore, the role plants play in the transmission of...
The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment exacerbates the contamination of these genes; therefore, the role plants play in the transmission of resistance genes in the food chain requires further research. Giant pandas consume different bamboo parts at different times, which provides the possibility of investigating how a single food source can affect the variation in the spread of ARGs. In this study, metagenomic analysis and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) database were used to annotate ARGs and the differences in gut microbiota ARGs during the consumption of bamboo shoots, leaves, and culms by captive giant pandas. These ARGs were then compared to investigate the impact of bamboo part consumption on the spread of ARGs. The results showed that the number of ARGs in the gut microbiota of the subjects was highest during the consumption of bamboo leaves, while the variety of ARGs was highest during the consumption of shoots. Escherichia coli, which poses a higher risk of ARG dissemination, was significantly higher in the leaf group, while , , and were significantly higher in the shoot group. The ARG risk brought by bamboo shoots and leaves may originate from soil and environmental pollution. It is recommended to handle the feces of giant pandas properly and regularly monitor the antimicrobial and virulence genes in their gut microbiota to mitigate the threat of antibiotic resistance.
PubMed: 37999453
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110630 -
3 Biotech May 2017In the current study, the PL7 strain was isolated from soil and identified as Raoultella planticola based on its physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence. By...
In the current study, the PL7 strain was isolated from soil and identified as Raoultella planticola based on its physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence. By the 10th day, the PL7 strain degraded 52.0% of the pyrene (PYR) content and 50.8% of the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) content in 20 mg L PYR and 10 mg L BaP in the liquid matrix. The half-life of PYR and BaP by PL7 degradation was 8.59 and 9.46 days, respectively. At pH 8.0, the degradation rates of PYR and BaP by PL7 were significantly higher at 30 °C than at 20 and 40 °C. The degradation ability of PL7 differed in red soil, paddy soil and fluvo-aquic soil; red soil produced the fastest degradation rates. The half-life of PYR and BaP by PL7 degradation in red soil was 21.7 and 11.9 days, respectively; however, without PL7 the half-life of PYR in red soil was 91.2 days. This study demonstrated the significant potential of the PL7 strain for bioremediation applications in the liquid matrix and soil contaminated by PAHs.
PubMed: 28444597
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0704-y -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Oct 2017The presence of among isolates collected from retail vegetables in China between 2015 and 2016 was investigated. Two and seven strains recovered from lettuce and...
The presence of among isolates collected from retail vegetables in China between 2015 and 2016 was investigated. Two and seven strains recovered from lettuce and tomato samples were identified as MCR-1-producers. Similar to isolates from animals and humans, the gene was located on the IncHI2/ST3, IncI2, or IncX4 plasmids. The presence of MCR-1-producing organisms in ready-to-eat food samples represents a serious risk for human health.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Colistin; Cucumis sativus; Daucus carota; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Humans; Lactuca; Solanum lycopersicum; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; Seedlings; Vegetables; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 28739785
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01139-17