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Journal of Food Protection May 2020In April 2017, an outbreak of histamine fish poisoning causing illness in nine victims associated with consumption of milkfish surimi products (fish ball) occurred in...
ABSTRACT
In April 2017, an outbreak of histamine fish poisoning causing illness in nine victims associated with consumption of milkfish surimi products (fish ball) occurred in Kaohsiung City, southern Taiwan. Of the two suspected frozen milkfish surimi samples, one sample contained 91.06 mg/100 g of histamine, levels that are greater than the potential hazard action level (50 mg/100 g) in most illness cases. Moreover, 28 frozen milkfish surimi samples from retail stores were collected and tested to determine the occurrence of histamine. One (3.6%) of 28 commercial surimi samples had histamine levels greater than the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline for decomposition of 5 mg/100 g for scombroid fish and/or products. Thirteen histamine-producing bacterial strains isolated from suspected and commercial surimi samples were identified as prolific histamine formers, able to produce 98.4 to 121.8 mg/100 mL of histamine in Trypticase soy broth supplemented with 1.0% l-histidine. In addition, milkfish surimi was inoculated with Raoultella ornithinolytica at 5.0 log CFU/g and stored at 4, 15, 25, and 37°C to investigate bacterial growth and formation of histamine. The histamine contents quickly increased to more than 50 mg/100 g in samples stored at 37 and 25°C within 12 and 24 h, respectively, as well those stored at 15°C within 96 h. To our knowledge, this is the first report in Taiwan to demonstrate that milkfish surimi products could cause histamine intoxication.
Topics: Animals; Enterobacteriaceae; Fish Products; Food Contamination; Foodborne Diseases; Histamine; Taiwan
PubMed: 32330935
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-385 -
Journal of Dairy Science Apr 2020Klebsiella spp. are important opportunistic pathogens commonly defined as environmental clinical mastitis agents. Despite Klebsiella mastitis being clinically impairing...
Klebsiella spp. are important opportunistic pathogens commonly defined as environmental clinical mastitis agents. Despite Klebsiella mastitis being clinically impairing in cows and costly to the industry, only a few studies describe Klebsiella isolated from mastitis cases. The aim of this work was to characterize species of Klebsiella involved in clinical mastitis cases in Canada. Klebsiella isolated from clinical mastitis cases (n = 53) were identified to the species level using a biochemical test panel and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The rpoB gene sequence was used as the gold standard method and identified Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 40), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 9), Raoultella ornithinolytica (n = 2), and Raoultella planticola (n = 2). Raoultella, a genus closely related to Klebsiella, was also accurately identified using mass spectrometry but not via biochemical testing. Using the disc diffusion technique, 31 (58%) isolates were found to be susceptible to all antimicrobials tested (n = 18). The remaining 22 (42%) isolates were resistant to 1 or more of the following antimicrobials: kanamycin (2%), streptomycin (38%), spectinomycin (13%), sulfisoxazole (13%), and tetracycline (19%). The following antimicrobial resistance genes were identified: tetA, tetB, sul1, strA/strB, and aadA. Random amplified polymorphic DNA revealed the majority of our isolates as unrelated and having different patterns, indicating environmental contamination as the primary source of infection. All isolates were shown to be biofilm producers. In conclusion, although antimicrobial resistance was low for both Klebsiella and Raoultella species, genetically related Klebsiella spp. isolates appeared to be more resistant.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Canada; Cattle; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Klebsiella; Mastitis, Bovine; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 32089315
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17324 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The spread of carbapenem-resistant (CRE) strains has caused treatment failure and is a worldwide threat to public health. However, there are limited reports on the...
BACKGROUND
The spread of carbapenem-resistant (CRE) strains has caused treatment failure and is a worldwide threat to public health. However, there are limited reports on the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing (CPE) in aquatic environments and its association with clinical isolates. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CPE in a stream environment and its genetic relationship with clinical isolates in Korea.
METHODS
A total of 4,582 water samples were collected from 94 streams. Multiplex PCR and sequencing were used to detect and identify six carbapenemase genes. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed to investigate the genetic relatedness between the environmental strains and clinical isolates.
RESULTS
A total of 133 CRE strains were isolated from the streams. was the most common CRE (45.9%), followed by complex (29.3%), (13.5%), (5.3%), and (2.3%). Ninety (67.7%) isolates carried carbapenemase genes. carbapenemase-2 (36.7%) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-5 (32.2%) were the common carbapenemases detected. Sequence type (ST)307 and ST11 strains harboring the gene were the most prevalent in stream and patient samples.
CONCLUSION
CPE was highly prevalent in streams and closely related to the isolates obtained from patients. Therefore, continuous monitoring of stream environments is required to control the spread of carbapenem resistance.
PubMed: 35756058
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.923979 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a nonmotile rod usually found in soil and aquatic environments. It can be found in association with gastrointestinal malignancy. is a...
, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a nonmotile rod usually found in soil and aquatic environments. It can be found in association with gastrointestinal malignancy. is a rare vancomycin-resistant that is responsible for some bacteremia. Our case describes a unique presentation of colonization with both and isolated from the biliary stent isolates of a patient with known pancreatic malignancy and concomitant bacteremia. This is the first case ever reported of infection with both species.
PubMed: 35656361
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3377331 -
GigaByte (Hong Kong, China) 2023Rapid screening of hospital admissions to detect asymptomatic carriers of resistant bacteria can prevent pathogen outbreaks. However, the resulting isolates rarely have...
Rapid screening of hospital admissions to detect asymptomatic carriers of resistant bacteria can prevent pathogen outbreaks. However, the resulting isolates rarely have their genome sequenced due to cost constraints and long turn-around times to get and process the data, limiting their usefulness to the practitioner. Here we used real-time, on-device target enrichment ("adaptive") sequencing as a highly multiplexed assay covering 1,147 antimicrobial resistance genes. We compared its utility against standard and metagenomic sequencing, focusing on an isolate of harbouring three carbapenemases (, , ). Based on this experimental data, we then modelled the influence of several variables on the enrichment results and predicted the large effect of nucleotide identity (higher is better) and read length (shorter is better). Lastly, we showed how all relevant resistance genes are detected using adaptive sequencing on a miniature ("Flongle") flow cell, motivating its use in a clinical setting to monitor similar cases and their surroundings.
PubMed: 36949817
DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.75 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing public-health concern worldwide. Patients exhibit compromised immunity and are more prone to infection than other populations....
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing public-health concern worldwide. Patients exhibit compromised immunity and are more prone to infection than other populations. Therefore, oral colonization by clinically relevant members of the family, major agents of both nosocomial and dialysis-associated infections with frequent prevalence of antibiotic resistances, may constitute a serious risk. Thus, this study aimed to assess the occurrence of clinically relevant enterobacteria and their antibiotic resistance profiles in the oral cavity of CKD patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (CKD-PD) and compare it to healthy controls. Saliva samples from all the participants were cultured on MacConkey Agar and evaluated regarding the levels of urea, ammonia, and pH. Bacterial isolates were identified and characterized for antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype. The results showed that CKD-PD patients exhibited significantly higher salivary pH, urea, and ammonia levels than controls, that was accompanied by higher prevalence and diversity of oral enterobacteria. Out of all the species isolated, only the prevalence of varied significantly between groups, colonizing the oral cavity of approximately 30% of CKD-PD patients while absent from controls. Antibiotic resistance phenotyping revealed mostly putative intrinsic resistance phenotypes (to amoxicillin, ticarcillin, and cephalothin), and resistance to sulfamethoxazole (~43% of isolates) and streptomycin (~17%). However, all isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested and multidrug resistance isolates were only found in CKD-PD group (31,6%). Mobile genetic elements and resistance genes were detected in isolates of the species , , , , and , mostly originated from CKD-PD patients. PD-related infection history revealed that were responsible for ~8% of peritonitis and ~ 16% of exit-site infections episodes in CKD-PD patients, although no association was found to oral enterobacteria colonization at the time of sampling. The results suggest that the CKD-induced alterations of the oral milieu might promote a dysbiosis of the commensal oral microbiome, namely the proliferation of clinically relevant potentially harboring acquired antibiotic resistance genes. This study highlights the importance of the oral cavity as a reservoir for pathobionts and antibiotic resistances in CKD patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
PubMed: 34970231
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.736685 -
Cureus Jan 2022is a gram-negative, encapsulated aerobe or facultative anaerobe belonging to the family . It is distinguished from other members in the family with a negative indole...
is a gram-negative, encapsulated aerobe or facultative anaerobe belonging to the family . It is distinguished from other members in the family with a negative indole test, growth at 10C, production of histamine, a negative D-melezitose test, and metabolism of ornithine. is a versatile organism found in different habitats, including soil, water, and plants, as well as colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract and throat. It was considered to cause opportunistic infection in humans but is increasingly being implicated in infections in immunocompetent individuals. causes infection in different clinical settings. Sepsis from is increasing among humans, and it is considered an emerging infectious agent in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent people. There is an increasing level of antibiotic resistance among isolates with reports of multidrug resistance. We report the case of a 95-year-old man with multidrug-resistant multisystem infection and review the literature.
PubMed: 35154953
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20975 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Morocco holds the vast majority of the world's phosphate reserves, but due to the processes involved in extracting and commercializing these reserves, large quantities...
Morocco holds the vast majority of the world's phosphate reserves, but due to the processes involved in extracting and commercializing these reserves, large quantities of de-structured, nutritionally deficient mine phosphate wastes are produced each year. In a semi-arid climate, these wastes severely hamper plant growth and development leading to huge unvegetated areas. Soil indigenous Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) play a pivotal role in restauration of these phosphate mining wastes by revegetation, by increasing plants development, soil functioning, and nutrient cycling. The development of a vegetative cover above the degraded phosphate wastes, could stabilize and reintegrate these wastes in the surrounding environment. The current study's objectives were to isolate, characterize, and identify indigenous bacterial strains, and test their PGP activity and, for the best-performing strains , in order to assess their potential for acting as biofertilizers. A quantitative test for the synthesis of auxin and the production of siderophores as well as a qualitative test for the solubilization of phosphate were performed on all isolated bacterial strains. The production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), exopolysaccharides (EPS), and enzymes were also examined. Three bacteria, selected among the best PGPB of this study, were tested to determine whether such indigenous bacteria could aid plant growth in this de-structured and nutrient-poor mining soil. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 41 bacterial strains were isolated and 11 genera were identified: , and . Among the three best performing bacteria (related to , and ), only and were able to significantly enhance L. growth. The best inoculation results were obtained using the strain related to , improving the plant's root dry weight and chlorophyll content. This is also, to our knowledge, the first study to show a PGP activity of .
PubMed: 36590425
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1026991 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2020The aim of the present study was to characterize resistant to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and/or fluoroquinolones, isolated from dogs and cats...
The aim of the present study was to characterize resistant to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and/or fluoroquinolones, isolated from dogs and cats with urogenital infections. In total, 36 strains ( ( = 28), ( = 3), , , , and (each = 1)) were included in the present study, 28 from Austria and 8 from Serbia. Isolates were characterized by a polyphasic approach including susceptibility pheno- and genotyping and microarray-based assays. () isolates were additionally characterized by two-locus (C and H) sequence phylotyping and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of selected isolates. MLST of carbapenem-resistant isolates was also performed. Among , the most dominant phylogenetic group was B1 (27.8%), followed by C, (16.6%), A and Clade II (5.5% each), B2 and F (2.77% each). The most predominant β-lactam resistance genes were (70%) and (38.8%), (25%). was detected in one carbapenem-resistant ST114. The most common ST among selected was 744 (10.7% isolates). The pandemic clones ST131 and ST648 carrying CTX-M-15 were also detected. Remaining STs belonged to 469, 1287, 1463 and 1642. clonotyping revealed 20 CH types. Based on the presence of certain virulence genes, three isolates were categorized as ExPEC/UPEC. The most prevalent virulence factors were H detected in 61%, D and both in 55%, N in 27.8%, C in 13.8% and in 8.3% isolates.
PubMed: 32645942
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070387 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020: To investigate the susceptibility of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) to mecillinam based on the recently updated European Committee on Antimicrobial...
: To investigate the susceptibility of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) to mecillinam based on the recently updated European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints for uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection (uUTI). : The challenge collection consisted of 105 molecularly characterized Enterobacterales [ spp. ( = 49), ( = 30), ( = 13), ( = 9), ( = 3), and ( = 1)]. Isolates produced OXA-48 ( = 18), OXA-48-like ( = 18), VIM ( = 22), NDM ( = 22), KPC ( = 12), IMI ( = 9), IMP ( = 6), GES ( = 1), OXA-58 ( = 2) or combinations thereof ( = 5). MICs of carbapenems were determined by agar gradient diffusion (AGD). MICs of mecillinam were assessed by agar dilution (reference method) and compared to disk diffusion (DD) and AGD. : Overall 23/105 CPE (21.9%) were susceptible to mecillinam. Susceptibility was observed in ( = 12), ( = 7), and ( = 4) producing IMI, OXA-48, OXA-48-like, and NDM-1 carbapenemases. MIC for mecillinam in all isolates was 128 mg/L while MIC for meropenem was 8 mg/L. Lower MICs for mecillinam were found in IMI (MIC 8 mg/L) and OXA-48-like (MIC 16 mg/L) producers. The comparison of the different susceptibility methods showed very major errors of 12.2% with AGD and 8.5% with disk diffusion when compared to the reference method. : Mecillinam susceptibility was restricted to isolates producing IMI-, OXA-48-like, and NDM-1 carbapenemases and was documented despite high carbapenem MICs in some isolates. Mecillinam could be a promising oral antimicrobial in uUTI caused by and isolates carrying IMI- and OXA-48-like carbapenemases; however, susceptibility testing by AGD and disk diffusion remains problematic.
PubMed: 33510739
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.627267