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Virus Research Dec 2011The Rhabdoviridae is one of the most ecologically diverse families of RNA viruses with members infecting a wide range of organisms including placental mammals,... (Review)
Review
The Rhabdoviridae is one of the most ecologically diverse families of RNA viruses with members infecting a wide range of organisms including placental mammals, marsupials, birds, reptiles, fish, insects and plants. The availability of complete nucleotide sequences for an increasing number of rhabdoviruses has revealed that their ecological diversity is reflected in the diversity and complexity of their genomes. The five canonical rhabdovirus structural protein genes (N, P, M, G and L) that are shared by all rhabdoviruses are overprinted, overlapped and interspersed with a multitude of novel and diverse accessory genes. Although not essential for replication in cell culture, several of these genes have been shown to have roles associated with pathogenesis and apoptosis in animals, and cell-to-cell movement in plants. Others appear to be secreted or have the characteristics of membrane-anchored glycoproteins or viroporins. However, most encode proteins of unknown function that are unrelated to any other known proteins. Understanding the roles of these accessory genes and the strategies by which rhabdoviruses use them to engage, divert and re-direct cellular processes will not only present opportunities to develop new anti-viral therapies but may also reveal aspects of cellar function that have broader significance in biology, agriculture and medicine.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Biological Evolution; Fishes; Genes, Viral; Humans; Insecta; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Plants; RNA, Viral; Rhabdoviridae; Rhabdoviridae Infections; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Transcription, Genetic; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 21933691
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.09.004 -
Current Opinion in Virology Oct 2020Appropriate choice of vaccine vector is crucial for effective vaccine development. Rhabdoviral vectors, such as rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, have been... (Review)
Review
Appropriate choice of vaccine vector is crucial for effective vaccine development. Rhabdoviral vectors, such as rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, have been used in a variety of vaccine strategies. These viruses have small, easily manipulated genomes that can stably express foreign glycoproteins due to a well-established reverse genetics system for virus recovery. Both viruses have well-described safety profiles and have been demonstrated to be effective vaccine vectors. This review will describe how these Rhabdoviruses can be manipulated for use as vectors, their various applications as vaccines or therapeutics, and the advantages and disadvantages of their use.
Topics: Animals; Genetic Vectors; Glycoproteins; Humans; Mice; Rabies virus; Reverse Genetics; Rhabdoviridae; Vaccines, Synthetic; Vesiculovirus; Viral Vaccines; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 33130500
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.09.003 -
Viruses Jan 2012Members of the family Rhabdoviridae are single-stranded RNA viruses and globally important pathogens of wild and cultured fish and thus relatively well studied in their... (Review)
Review
Members of the family Rhabdoviridae are single-stranded RNA viruses and globally important pathogens of wild and cultured fish and thus relatively well studied in their respective hosts or other model systems. Here, we review the protective immune mechanisms that fish mount in response to rhabdovirus infections. Teleost fish possess the principal components of innate and adaptive immunity found in other vertebrates. Neutralizing antibodies are critical for long-term protection from fish rhabdoviruses, but several studies also indicate a role for cell-mediated immunity. Survival of acute rhabdoviral infection is also dependent on innate immunity, particularly the interferon (IFN) system that is rapidly induced in response to infection. Paradoxically, rhabdoviruses are sensitive to the effects of IFN but virulent rhabdoviruses can continue to replicate owing to the abilities of the matrix (M) protein to mediate host-cell shutoff and the non‑virion (NV) protein to subvert programmed cell death and suppress functional IFN. While many basic features of the fish immune response to rhabdovirus infections are becoming better understood, much less is known about how factors in the environment affect the ecology of rhabdovirus infections in natural populations of aquatic animals.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Cytokines; Environment; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Forecasting; Genes, Viral; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Immune Evasion; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Innate; Interferons; Mammals; Rhabdoviridae; Rhabdoviridae Infections; Species Specificity; Vaccination; Vaccines, DNA; Viral Proteins; Viral Vaccines; Virus Replication
PubMed: 22355456
DOI: 10.3390/v4010140 -
British Medical Journal Aug 1977
Topics: Democratic Republic of the Congo; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Rhabdoviridae; Sudan; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 890411
DOI: No ID Found -
Future Microbiology 2014Pseudotype viruses: applications and troubleshooting’ (EuroSciCon 2013), a 1-day conference held at Cineworld: The O2 (London, UK) on 2 October 2013, focused on the...
Pseudotype viruses: applications and troubleshooting’ (EuroSciCon 2013), a 1-day conference held at Cineworld: The O2 (London, UK) on 2 October 2013, focused on the technique of pseudotyping enveloped viruses (for a review of the technique, see [1]). The talks and posters covered the challenges and successes of pseudotyping viruses from a broad range of families (Retroviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae and Rhabdoviridae) for a variety of applications. The conference was chaired by Nigel Temperton, University of Kent (UK), who placed a strong emphasis on using this event to explore the technical challenges of pseudotyping viruses, especially during the poster and afternoon question and answer sessions.
Topics: Bunyaviridae; Flaviviridae; Humans; Neutralization Tests; Orthomyxoviridae; Rhabdoviridae; Viral Plaque Assay; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 24571068
DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.156 -
Viruses Sep 2021In aquaculture, disease management and pathogen control are key for a successful fish farming industry. In past years, European catfish farming has been flourishing.... (Review)
Review
In aquaculture, disease management and pathogen control are key for a successful fish farming industry. In past years, European catfish farming has been flourishing. However, devastating fish pathogens including limiting fish viruses are considered a big threat to further expanding of the industry. Even though mainly the ranavirus () and circovirus () infections are considered well- described in European catfish, more other agents including herpes-, rhabdo or papillomaviruses are also observed in the tissues of catfish with or without any symptoms. The etiological role of these viruses has been unclear until now. Hence, there is a requisite for more detailed information about the latter and the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches to complete them. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about viruses that affect the European catfish and describe their origin, distribution, molecular characterisation, and phylogenetic classification. We also highlight the knowledge gaps, which need more in-depth investigations in the future.
Topics: Animals; Catfishes; Circoviridae Infections; Circovirus; DNA Virus Infections; Fish Diseases; Herpesviridae; Herpesviridae Infections; Iridoviridae; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Rhabdoviridae; Rhabdoviridae Infections
PubMed: 34578446
DOI: 10.3390/v13091865 -
Viruses Mar 2021Lagos bat virus (LBV), one of the 17 accepted viral species of the genus, was the first rabies-related virus described in 1956. This virus is endemic to the African... (Review)
Review
Lagos bat virus (LBV), one of the 17 accepted viral species of the genus, was the first rabies-related virus described in 1956. This virus is endemic to the African continent and is rarely encountered. There are currently four lineages, although the observed genetic diversity exceeds existing lyssavirus species demarcation criteria. Several exposures to rabid bats infected with LBV have been reported; however, no known human cases have been reported to date. This review provides the history of LBV and summarizes previous knowledge as well as new detections. Genetic diversity, pathogenesis and prevention are re-evaluated and discussed.
Topics: Animals; Chiroptera; Genetic Variation; Humans; Lyssavirus; Phylogeny; Rabies; Rhabdoviridae Infections; South Africa
PubMed: 33805487
DOI: 10.3390/v13040576 -
Science China. Life Sciences Feb 2015Over the last 30 years, aquaculture has become the fastest growing form of agriculture production in the world, but its development has been hampered by a diverse range... (Review)
Review
Over the last 30 years, aquaculture has become the fastest growing form of agriculture production in the world, but its development has been hampered by a diverse range of pathogenic viruses. During the last decade, a large number of viruses from aquatic animals have been identified, and more than 100 viral genomes have been sequenced and genetically characterized. These advances are leading to better understanding about antiviral mechanisms and the types of interaction occurring between aquatic viruses and their hosts. Here, based on our research experience of more than 20 years, we review the wealth of genetic and genomic information from studies on a diverse range of aquatic viruses, including iridoviruses, herpesviruses, reoviruses, and rhabdoviruses, and outline some major advances in our understanding of virus-host interactions in animals used in aquaculture.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Herpesviridae; Iridovirus; Orthoreovirus; Rhabdoviridae
PubMed: 25591452
DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4802-y -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023The emergence or reemergence of viruses pose a substantial threat and challenge to the world population, livestock, and wildlife. However, the landscape of antiviral...
The emergence or reemergence of viruses pose a substantial threat and challenge to the world population, livestock, and wildlife. However, the landscape of antiviral agents either for human or animal viral diseases is still underdeveloped. The far tougher actuality is the case that there are no approved antiviral drugs in the aquaculture industry, although there are diverse viral pathogens. In this study, using a novel epithelial cell line derived from the brain of Micropterus salmoides (MSBr), inflammation and oxidative stress were found to implicate the major pathophysiology of rhabdovirus (MSRV) through transcriptome analysis and biochemical tests. Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) and accumulated contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as biomarkers of oxidative damage (protein carbonyl and 8-OHdG) were observed after MSRV infection in the MSBr cells. Mangiferin or taurine dampened MSRV-induced inflammation and rescued the oxidative stress and, thus, inhibited the replication of MSRV in the MSBr cells with 50% effective concentration (EC) values of 6.77 μg/mL and 8.02 μg/mL, respectively. Further, mangiferin or taurine hampered the activation of NF-κB1 and the NF-κB1 promoter as well as the increase of phosphorylated NF-κB (p65) protein level induced by MSRV infection, indicating their antiviral mechanism by suppressing NF-κB signaling. These findings exemplify a practice approach, aiming to dampen and redirect inflammatory responses, to develop broad-spectrum antivirals. Aquaculture now provides almost half of all fish for human food in 2021 and plays a significant role in eliminating hunger, promoting health, and reducing poverty. There are diverse viral pathogens that decrease production in aquaculture. We developed a novel epithelial cell line derived from the brain of , which can be used for virus isolation, gene expressing, and drug screening. In this study, we focus on rhabdovirus (MSRV) and revealed its pathophysiology of inflammation and oxidative stress. Aiming to dampen and redirect inflammatory responses, mangiferin or taurine exhibited their antiviral capability by suppressing NF-κB signaling. Our findings exemplify a practice approach to develop broad-spectrum antivirals by dampening and redirecting inflammatory responses.
Topics: Animals; Humans; NF-kappa B; Taurine; Rhabdoviridae; Inflammation; Bass; Antiviral Agents
PubMed: 37255471
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05146-22 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2022The vesicular stomatitis virus belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family, genus Vesiculovirus. Four species (New Jersey, Indiana, Cocal, and Alagoas) are responsible for...
The vesicular stomatitis virus belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family, genus Vesiculovirus. Four species (New Jersey, Indiana, Cocal, and Alagoas) are responsible for disease outbreaks in Western Hemisphere countries. In Brazil, the Alagoas virus is responsible for the main outbreaks of the disease, mainly in the states of the Northeast, Midwest, and Southeast regions of the country. The present study aimed to perform the genetic characterization of 41 vesicular stomatitis virus samples. RNA was extracted using Trizol and used to amplify part of gene P. Amplicons were sequenced using the Sanger method. The phylogenetic trees generated showed that Alagoas vesiculoviruses were positioned into three groups: group A formed by the first virus isolate; group B by isolates from states in the Northeast region; and group C by isolates from the states of Bahia, Goiás, and Tocantins. Their divergence to date has generated the formation of two genotypes evolving independently in regions that until the present study had little geographic overlap.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Phylogeny; Vesicular Stomatitis; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus; Vesiculovirus
PubMed: 35553417
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00756-8