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Toxins Sep 2022This work presents an optimized methodology based on the miniaturization of the original QuEChERS (μ-QuEChERS) followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass...
This work presents an optimized methodology based on the miniaturization of the original QuEChERS (μ-QuEChERS) followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of tropane alkaloids (TAs), atropine, and scopolamine in leafy vegetable samples. The analytical methodology was successfully validated, demonstrating quantitation limits (MQL) ≤ 2.3 ng/g, good accuracy, and precision, with recoveries between 90-100% and RSD ≤ 13% for both analytes. The method was applied to the analysis of TA-producing plants (, and ). High concentrations of scopolamine were found in flowers (1771 mg/kg) and leaves (297 mg/kg) of . The highest concentration of atropine was found in flowers of (10.4 mg/kg). Commercial mixed leafy vegetables contaminated with and were analysed to verify the efficacy of the method, showing recoveries between 82 and 110% for both analytes. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of eighteen samples of leafy vegetables, finding atropine in three samples of mixed leafy vegetables, with concentrations of 2.7, 3.2, and 3.4 ng/g, and in nine samples with concentrations ≤MQL. In turn, scopolamine was only found in a sample of chopped Swiss chard with a concentration ≤MQL.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Vegetables; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tropanes; Atropine; Scopolamine; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 36287919
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100650 -
The Journal of Nutrition Aug 2021DHA (22:6n-3), a long-chain n-3 PUFA, is essential for normal brain development and function. Our previous study demonstrated that DHA significantly improves...
BACKGROUND
DHA (22:6n-3), a long-chain n-3 PUFA, is essential for normal brain development and function. Our previous study demonstrated that DHA significantly improves scopolamine-induced dementia. However, there are no reports on the relation between n-3 PUFA deficiency and scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether n-3 PUFA deficiency increases vulnerability to scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment.
METHODS
Male and female C57BL/6 mice were mated and fed an n-3 PUFA-adequate [containing 2.88% α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3)] or -deficient (containing 0.09% ALA) diet for 2 consecutive generations. The corresponding second-generation male offspring were kept on the same diet as their mothers after weaning, and were randomly assigned to 2 subgroups at 7 wk of age, in which they were intraperitoneally injected with saline [fed n-3 PUFA-adequate (Con) or -deficient (Def) diet] or scopolamine [5 mg/kg body weight; fed n-3 PUFA-adequate (Sco) or -deficient (Def + Sco) diet] once per day for 7 d before killing. Behavioral performance was analyzed using the Morris Water Maze test. Fatty acid composition, protein expression, and indicators of cholinergic and oxidative stress in the brain were measured.
RESULTS
The Def group showed lower brain DHA (-63.7%, P ≤ 0.01) and higher n-6 PUFA (+65.5%, P ≤ 0.05) concentrations than the Con group. The Def + Sco group and the Sco group showed poorer spatial learning and memory (escape latency on the sixth day: +60.3% and +36.8%; platform crossings: -43.9% and -28.2%, respectively) and more obvious cholinergic dysfunction (acetylcholine: -47.6% and -27.7%, respectively), oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase: -64.2% and -32.5%, respectively), apoptosis [B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-associated X protein/BCL2: +230.8% and +153.8%; phosphorylated P38/P38: +232% and +130%, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/JNK: +104.5% and +58.8%, respectively], neuroinflammation (IL-1β: +317.6% and +95%, respectively), and neurodevelopmental delay (brain-derived neurotrophic factor: -54.4% and -7.25%, respectively) than their corresponding saline-treated controls.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency significantly decreases brain DHA concentrations and increases vulnerability to scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in C57BL/6 male mice.
Topics: Animals; Cognitive Dysfunction; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Scopolamine
PubMed: 33978190
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab116 -
TSitologiia I Genetika 2010For a long time people are using plants not only as crop cultures but also for obtaining of various chemicals. Currently plants remain one of the most important and... (Review)
Review
For a long time people are using plants not only as crop cultures but also for obtaining of various chemicals. Currently plants remain one of the most important and essential sources of biologically active compounds in spite of progress in chemical or microbial synthesis. In our review we compare potentials and perspectives of modern genetic engineering approaches for pharmaceutical biotechnology and give examples of actual biotechnological systems used for production of several promising natural compounds: artemisinin, paclitaxel and scopolamine.
Topics: Artemisinins; Biotechnology; Genetic Engineering; Molecular Structure; Paclitaxel; Plants, Genetically Modified; Scopolamine
PubMed: 20201415
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jul 1953
Topics: Humans; Motion Sickness; Scopolamine
PubMed: 13059416
DOI: No ID Found -
Anaesthesia Sep 1992
Topics: Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Scopolamine
PubMed: 1416001
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb03292.x -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Aug 2013
Review
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Muscarinic Antagonists; Pulse Therapy, Drug; Scopolamine
PubMed: 24021505
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.13ac08584 -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Jun 2012Different effects of scopolamine on learning, memory, and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in hippocampal tissues of ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated rats were...
Different effects of scopolamine on learning, memory, and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in hippocampal tissues of ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated rats were investigated. The animals in the Sham-Scopolamine (Sham-Sco) and OVX-Scopolamine (OVX-Sco) Groups were treated with 2 mg/kg scopolamine before undergoing the Morris water maze, while the animals in the Sham and OVX Groups received saline. The time latency and path length were significantly higher in both the Sham-Sco and the OVX-Sco Groups, in comparison with the Sham and OVX Groups, respectively (p<0.001). Significantly lower NO metabolite levels in the hippocampi of the Sham-Sco Group were observed, compared with the Sham Group (p<0.001), while there was no significant difference between the OVX-Sco and OVX Groups. The decreased NO level in the hippocampus may play a role in the learning and memory deficits induced by scopolamine. However, it seems that the effect of scopolamine on hippocampal NO differs between situations of presence and absence of ovarian hormones.
Topics: Animals; Cholinergic Antagonists; Female; Hippocampus; Maze Learning; Memory; Nitric Oxide; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time; Scopolamine; Time Factors
PubMed: 22699543
DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2012000600012 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Nov 1985
Topics: Administration, Topical; Humans; Motion Sickness; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Scopolamine
PubMed: 4063911
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Mar 2003
Topics: History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans; Mandragora; Medicine in Literature; Muscarinic Antagonists; Mythology; Scopolamine; United Kingdom
PubMed: 12612119
DOI: 10.1258/jrsm.96.3.144 -
Anesthesiology Jun 1990The authors evaluated the effect of transdermal scopolamine on the incidence of postoperative nausea, retching, and vomiting after outpatient laparoscopy in a... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
The authors evaluated the effect of transdermal scopolamine on the incidence of postoperative nausea, retching, and vomiting after outpatient laparoscopy in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A Band-Aid-like patch containing either scopolamine or placebo was placed behind the ear the night before surgery. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl (0.5-2 micrograms/kg iv), thiopental (3-5 mg/kg iv), and succinylcholine (1-1.5 mg/kg iv) and maintained with isoflurane (0.2-2%) and nitrous oxide (60%) in oxygen. Scopolamine-treated patients had less nausea, retching, and vomiting compared with placebo-treated patients (P = 0.0029). Severe nausea and/or vomiting was present in 62% of the placebo group but only 37% of those getting the scopolamine patch. Repeated episodes of retching and vomiting were also less frequent in the scopolamine group compared with the placebo group (23% vs. 41%; P = 0.0213) as was the need for additional antiemetic therapy (13% vs. 32%; P = 0.0013). Patients in the scopolamine group were also discharged from the hospital sooner (4 +/- 1.3 vs. 4.5 +/- 1.5 h; P = 0.0487). Side effects were more frequent among those patients treated with the scopolamine patch (91% vs. 45%; P less than 0.05) but were not troublesome. The authors conclude that transdermal scopolamine is a safe and effective antiemetic for outpatients undergoing laparoscopy.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Nausea; Postoperative Complications; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Scopolamine; Vomiting
PubMed: 2140929
DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199006000-00005