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Pediatric Cardiology Apr 2010The heart forms as a linear heart tube that loops and septates to produce a mature four-chambered structure. The single vessel emerging from the embryonic heart, the... (Review)
Review
The heart forms as a linear heart tube that loops and septates to produce a mature four-chambered structure. The single vessel emerging from the embryonic heart, the truncus arteriosus, divides into the aorta and the pulmonary artery as part of this septation process, and a series of additional morphogenetic events result in the proper alignment and orientation of the cardiac outflow tract. Recent evidence indicates that this process involves the complex interactions of multiple cell types including primary and secondary heart fields, neural crest, pharyngeal mesenchyme, endoderm, and endothelium. Among the many signals that mediate tissue-tissue interactions during the formation of the outflow tract, we have focused on the role of the Notch signaling pathway. Here, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of Notch-mediated regulation of cardiac development with specific attention to the formation of the cardiac outflow tract.
Topics: Endoderm; Heart; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Mesoderm; Morphogenesis; Myocardium; Neural Crest; Receptor, Notch1; Receptors, Notch; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 20039033
DOI: 10.1007/s00246-009-9611-2 -
Medicine Jan 2018A combination of Vaginal atresia and septate uterus as a novel genital malformation has been reported the first time. It offers a support for the bidirectional theory. (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
A combination of Vaginal atresia and septate uterus as a novel genital malformation has been reported the first time. It offers a support for the bidirectional theory.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 23-year-old woman presented with the inability to perform intercourse. The unprecedented variant was misdiagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography as low vaginal atresia associated with complete septate uterus with functional endometrium in both the cavities.
DIAGNOSES
The correct diagnosis was made and confirmed intraoperatively as a genital malformation, vaginal atresia and cervical agenesis associated with septate uterus.
INTERVENTION
laparoscopic and hysteroscopic diagnosis the novel malformation never been reported and a vaginal stent was recommended postoperatively.
OUTCOMES
This rare clinical variant made misdiagnosis. Intraoperatively, unprecedented genital malformation was confirmed. There are no vaginal atresia cases in the literature with a septate functional uterus and single agenesis cervix.
LESSONS
Confirmed diagnosed by operation instead of depending on the imaging should be used for rare genital anomaly.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Cervix Uteri; Female; Humans; Uterus; Vagina; Young Adult
PubMed: 29505013
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000009674 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Aug 2018This study investigates pinewood nematode's impacts on root mycoflora of Pinus tabulaeformis.
AIMS
This study investigates pinewood nematode's impacts on root mycoflora of Pinus tabulaeformis.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The biomass, colonization rate, community structure and diversity of root-associated fungi were investigated in pinewood nematode-infected and nematode-noninfected P. tabulaeformis. The results indicated that the roots of P. tabulaeformis were colonized highly by root-associated fungi, mainly ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) and dark septate endophytes. Infection of pinewood nematode was associated with a significant (P < 0·05) decrease in root colonization rates by ECMF, dark septate endophytes and total hyphae, as well as in fungal biomass in the roots. Illumina MiSeq sequences of tagged amplicons of 18S rDNA region revealed Basidiomycota (65·70%) and Ascomycota (34·14%) as the dominant root-associated fungi in roots of P. tabulaeformis. Among the detected operational taxonomic units (OTUs), ECMF and dark septate endophytes exhibited a higher relative abundance in trees infected by pinewood nematode compared with noninfected ones.
CONCLUSIONS
The infection of pinewood nematode altered the composition and OTU abundance of root-associated fungi community in P. tabulaeformis roots with a decrease in the biomass, species richness and diversity of root-associated fungi, as well as in the colonization rates and abundance of ECMF and dark septate endophytes.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This study is an important contribution for better understanding the interaction between pine wilt disease and root-associated fungi.
Topics: Basidiomycota; Biomass; DNA, Fungal; Nematode Infections; Pinus; Plant Diseases; Plant Roots
PubMed: 29675985
DOI: 10.1111/jam.13883 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal May 1949
PubMed: 20324463
DOI: No ID Found -
Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn Sep 2021Septate uterus is the most common uterine malformation found in women presenting poor reproductive history. Hysteroscopic septoplasty (HS) restores the uterine anatomy...
BACKGROUND
Septate uterus is the most common uterine malformation found in women presenting poor reproductive history. Hysteroscopic septoplasty (HS) restores the uterine anatomy in a safe procedure.
OBJECTIVES
The goal of our study is to determine the reproductive outcomes after HS of symptomatic septate uterus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In a retrospective observational single centre study the reproductive outcomes and complications after HS were evaluated in 31 women with symptomatic septate uterus. The patients were separated into two groups according to the symptoms - infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
were the pregnancy and live birth rate and secondarily the complication rate. Furthermore, the results were analysed depending on the need of assisted reproductive techniques (ART).
RESULTS
The treatment has resulted in an overall pregnancy rate of 71% for both groups. The spontaneous pregnancy rate is 45% and 8 pregnancies resulted from ART (26%). The overall first live birth rate is 51.6%. A decrease has been noticed in the miscarriage rate from 95.24% to 24% (p<0.001) in the overall population.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with a symptomatic septate uterus hysteroscopic septoplasty is a safe and effective procedure. The favourable results pointing out the benefits of surgery on the reproductive outcomes as well as the relatively simple and safe technique of HS make the intervention attractive.
PubMed: 34555879
DOI: 10.52054/FVVO.13.3.032 -
Journal of Radiology Case Reports Jul 2018We present a case of 27-year-old female who presented for a progressive frontal swelling with ipsilateral headache. Subsequent CT scan revealed an extradural and... (Review)
Review
We present a case of 27-year-old female who presented for a progressive frontal swelling with ipsilateral headache. Subsequent CT scan revealed an extradural and expansile multiloculated mass with thin and strongly enhanced septations and MRI evaluation showed internal hyperintensity on T2 with no restriction of diffusion and confirmed the multiple cystic spaces with enhancing septations and rare hemorrhagic fluid-fluid levels. Surgery was performed and diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst was made on frozen section. Identification of USP6 fusion gene by in situ hybridization technique permitted to confirm the diagnosis of primary ABC. Although aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the skull is a very rare entity and accounts for 2-6% of all ABCs, we should think about it in front of osteolytic and cystic skull changes even with very few fluid-fluid levels. Following description of our case and differential diagnoses, we conduct a literature review of skull ABCs imaging characteristics and discuss the interest of USP6 rearrangement identification.
Topics: Adult; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal; Diagnosis, Differential; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Frontal Bone; Headache; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Prognosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30651914
DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v12i7.3344 -
Current Biology : CB May 2018How permeability barrier function is maintained when epithelial cells divide is largely unknown. Here, we have investigated how the bicellular septate junctions (BSJs)...
How permeability barrier function is maintained when epithelial cells divide is largely unknown. Here, we have investigated how the bicellular septate junctions (BSJs) and tricellular septate junctions (TSJs) are remodeled throughout completion of cytokinesis in Drosophila epithelia. We report that, following cytokinetic ring constriction, the midbody assembles, matures within SJs, and is displaced basally in two phases. In a first slow phase, the neighboring cells remain connected to the dividing cells by means of SJ-containing membrane protrusions pointing to the maturing midbody. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments revealed that SJs within the membrane protrusions correspond to the old SJs that were present prior to cytokinesis. In contrast, new SJs are assembled below the adherens junctions and spread basally to build a new belt of SJs in a manner analogous to a conveyor belt. Loss of function of a core BSJ component, the Na+/K+-ATPase pump Nervana 2 subunit, revealed that the apical-to-basal spread of BSJs drives the basal displacement of the midbody. In contrast, loss of the TSJ protein Bark beetle indicated that remodeling of TSJs is rate limiting and slowed down midbody migration. In the second phase, once the belt of SJs is assembled, the basal displacement of the midbody is accelerated and ultimately leads to abscission. This last step is temporally uncoupled from the remodeling of SJs. We propose that cytokinesis in epithelia involves the coordinated polarized assembly and remodeling of SJs both in the dividing cell and its neighbors to ensure the maintenance of permeability barrier integrity in proliferative epithelia.
Topics: Animals; Cell Communication; Cell Proliferation; Cytokinesis; Drosophila melanogaster; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Epithelium; Imaginal Discs; Intercellular Junctions; Wings, Animal
PubMed: 29706514
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.034 -
Radiology and Oncology Aug 2021The aim of the study was to review the appearances of Morel-Lavallée (ML) lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
INTRODUCTION
The aim of the study was to review the appearances of Morel-Lavallée (ML) lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
14 patients diagnosed with the ML lesion on MRI were analysed retrospectively (mean age = 35 years). Mechanism of injury, time frame from injury to MRI, location, shape, T1 and proton-density fat-suppression (PDFS) signal intensity (SI), presence of a (pseudo)capsule, septations or nodules within the collection, mass effect and fluid-fluid levels were analyzed. The Mellado and Bencardino classification was utilized to classify the lesions.
RESULTS
In most cases, mechanism of injury was distortion. Mean time frame between the injury and MRI was 17 days. Lesions were located around the knee in 9 patients and in the peritrochanteric region in 5 patients. Collections were fusiform in 12 patients and oval in 2 patients. 9 collections were T1 hypointense and PDFS hyperintense. 4 collections had intermediate T1 and high PDFS SI. 1 collection had intermediate T1 and PDFS SI. (Pseudo)capsule was noted in 3 cases. Septations or nodules were found in 4 cases. According to the Mellado and Bencardino, collections were classified as seroma (type 1) in 9, subacute hematoma (type 2) in 1 and chronic organizing hematoma (type 3) in 4 cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Characteristic features of ML lesion include a fusiform fluid collection between the subcutaneous fat and the underlying fascia after shearing injury. Six types can be differentiated on MRI, with the seroma, the subacute hematoma and the chronic organizing hematoma being the commonest.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Degloving Injuries; Fascia Lata; Female; Hematoma; Humans; Infections; Knee Injuries; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Seroma; Time Factors; Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Young Adult
PubMed: 33792213
DOI: 10.2478/raon-2021-0018 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019Dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi is a diverse group of Ascomycetes fungi that colonize the plants roots, and may facilitate plant growth and fitness, however, their...
Dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi is a diverse group of Ascomycetes fungi that colonize the plants roots, and may facilitate plant growth and fitness, however, their ecological roles need further clarification. This study aimed to evaluate the growth promoting effects of DSE fungi in a medicinal plant, liquorice (), under additional organic residues. First, we isolated, identified and characterized, two DSE fungal species ( and ) harboring inside the roots of liquorice growing in arid areas of China. Second, we examined the performance and rhizosphere soil parameters of liquorice plants inoculated with these fungi under additional sterilized organic residues and unsterilized organic residue (containing population) in a growth chamber. The results showed that two DSE strains could effectively colonize plant roots and formed a strain-dependent symbiosis with liquorice. DSE inoculation alone increased the plant biomass, and glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhizin content. It also improved the root system and N and P absorption by plants, consequently depleting these macronutrients in the soil. Residues alone increased soil organic matter, available phosphorus (P), and available nitrogen (N) content, and plant biomass, N, P, glycyrrhizic acid, and glycyrrhizin content. Mantel test and structural equation model (SEM) analysis demonstrated that DSE associated with residues significantly positively influenced soil organic matter, available P and available N, and plant biomass, glycyrrhizin, N, P, and root surface area. Variation in plant growth and glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhizin accumulation can be attributed to the effects of DSE inoculation. DSE associated with residues exhibited a general synergistic effect on the growth and accumulation of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhizin of liquorice. We demonstrate for the first time, two DSE fungi in the liquorice roots that have potential use as promoter for the cultivation of medicinal plant.
PubMed: 31275282
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01364 -
Cardiovascular Research Jun 2022The adapter protein p130Cas, encoded by the Bcar1 gene, is a key regulator of cell movement, adhesion, and cell cycle control in diverse cell types. Bcar1 constitutive...
AIMS
The adapter protein p130Cas, encoded by the Bcar1 gene, is a key regulator of cell movement, adhesion, and cell cycle control in diverse cell types. Bcar1 constitutive knockout mice are embryonic lethal by embryonic days (E) 11.5-12.5, but the role of Bcar1 in embryonic development remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Bcar1 specifically in cardiovascular development and defined the cellular and molecular mechanisms disrupted following targeted Bcar1 deletions.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We crossed Bcar1 floxed mice with Cre transgenic lines allowing for cell-specific knockout either in smooth muscle and early cardiac tissues (SM22-Cre), mature smooth muscle cells (smMHC-Cre), endothelial cells (Tie2-Cre), second heart field cells (Mef2c-Cre), or neural crest cells (NCC) (Pax3-Cre) and characterized these conditional knock outs using a combination of histological and molecular biology techniques. Conditional knockout of Bcar1 in SM22-expressing smooth muscle cells and cardiac tissues (Bcar1SM22KO) was embryonically lethal from E14.5-15.5 due to severe cardiovascular defects, including abnormal ventricular development and failure of outflow tract (OFT) septation leading to a single outflow vessel reminiscent of persistent truncus arteriosus. SM22-restricted loss of Bcar1 was associated with failure of OFT cushion cells to undergo differentiation to septal mesenchymal cells positive for SMC-specific α-actin, and disrupted expression of proteins and transcription factors involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). Furthermore, knockout of Bcar1 specifically in NCC (Bcar1PAX3KO) recapitulated part of the OFT septation and aortic sac defects seen in the Bcar1SM22KO mutants, indicating a cell-specific requirement for Bcar1 in NCC essential for OFT septation. In contrast, conditional knockouts of Bcar1 in differentiated smooth muscle, endothelial cells, and second heart field cells survived to term and were phenotypically normal at birth and postnatally.
CONCLUSION
Our work reveals a cell-specific requirement for Bcar1 in NCC, early myogenic and cardiac cells, essential for OFT septation, myocardialization and EMT/cell cycle regulation and differentiation to myogenic lineages.
Topics: Animals; Crk-Associated Substrate Protein; Endothelial Cells; Heart; Heart Defects, Congenital; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Neural Crest; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 34270692
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab242