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BMC Infectious Diseases Aug 2023Septicemia that leads to ocular involvement mostly presents as endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis. Contrarily, septicemia without intraocular involvement, known as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Septicemia that leads to ocular involvement mostly presents as endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis. Contrarily, septicemia without intraocular involvement, known as hematogenous orbital cellulitis (HOC), involves only the orbit and is an extremely rare complication of septicemia and a rare type of orbital cellulitis.
CASE PRESENTATION
Four male patients with septicemia presented with orbital involvement without intraocular infection were described in this study. They were 22 (case 1), 15 (case 2), 79 (case 3), and 30 (case 4) years old, with a mean age of 29.75 years. All patients were immunocompromised except for case 2. Cases 1 and 3 had a history of steroid use, whereas case 4 was in a post-chemotherapy myelosuppression phase. Septicemia in case 1 was community-acquired, cases 3 and 4 were hospital-acquired, and case 2 was secondary to acne squeezing. Blood cultures from cases 1, 2, and 3 were positive for Candida albicans, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. Case 4 had negative cultures; however, next-generation sequencing reported the presence of Enterococcus faecalis and Rhizopus oryzae. Case 1 had right eye involvement, and both eyes were involved in the other three cases. According to Chandler's classification, case 1 was type 2, case 2 was type 2 (OD) and type 4 (OS), and cases 3 and 4 were type 1 orbital infections. All patients had eyelids erythema, and cases 1 and 2 had mildly decreased visual acuity, proptosis, and painful and restricted ocular motility. Hospital stays ranged from 13 to 43 days (mean, 24 days). All patients received systemic antibiotic therapy based on drug sensitivity and next-generation sequencing results, in combination with multidisciplinary treatment, resulting in complete recovery of ocular and systemic signs and symptoms; no ocular surgical interventions were performed. Extraocular muscle palsy was the last symptom to resolve.
CONCLUSION
HOC is predominantly seen in immunocompromised individuals with a high proportion of hospital-acquired infections and positive cultures for pathogens. Infection control using systemic antibiotics targeted at the causative organism guarantees a favorable prognosis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Eye Infections; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Orbit; Orbital Cellulitis; Sepsis; Adolescent; Young Adult; Aged
PubMed: 37558992
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08489-1 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Mar 2022BACKGROUND Sepsis is a leading global cause of mortality, with the most common causative agents being Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia...
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a leading global cause of mortality, with the most common causative agents being Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. In septic patients with liver cirrhosis, the mortality rates are higher than in the general population due to altered liver function and an excessive innate immune response. In this demographic, sepsis is typically caused by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or urinary tract infections and the causative agents are very predictable owing to known dysregulated immunological pathways studied in patients with cirrhosis. Listeria monocytogenes is not only a less common cause of sepsis, but also a rare cause in patients with cirrhosis. Moreover, concurrent meningitis and septicemia is even less common in this demographic. CASE REPORT Herein we present a patient with known liver cirrhosis from chronic alcohol use who presented with generalized complaints and was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with septic shock and concomitant liver failure. Although his changes in mentation were initially attributed to sepsis with superimposed hepatic encephalopathy, he was also diagnosed with meningitis. Cultures from the cerebral spinal fluid and blood serum were positive for Listeria monocytogenes. The patient's family reported that he had not recently consumed deli meat, cheeses, or raw chicken, and there were no known outbreaks in the area at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS This report illustrates a rare case of concurrent septicemia and meningitis secondary to Listeria monocytogenes in a patient with liver cirrhosis and reviews current literature.
Topics: Humans; Listeria; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Meningitis; Peritonitis; Sepsis
PubMed: 35318297
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.935198 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Jun 1985A total of 410 proved cases of neonatal septicaemia from seven Finnish hospitals seen between 1976 and 1980 were reviewed. The annual incidence of neonatal septicaemia...
A total of 410 proved cases of neonatal septicaemia from seven Finnish hospitals seen between 1976 and 1980 were reviewed. The annual incidence of neonatal septicaemia was 3 per 1000 births, and overall mortality was 23%. Onset was early in most patients. Symptoms of septicaemia occurred within the first 24 hours of life in 44% and within the first week of life in 90%. In the very early onset disease (within 24 hours) mortality was 30%, compared with 17% in all other cases. Group B streptococcus was the leading cause in very early onset disease (52%) but mortality from infection with this organism was similar to that in other very early onset cases. It is concluded that very early onset neonatal septicaemia, probably of intrauterine origin and caused by group B streptococcus in one half of the cases, constitutes the major form of neonatal septicaemia in Finland and should receive the highest priority in preventive measures.
Topics: Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Finland; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Retrospective Studies; Sepsis; Serotyping; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 3925895
DOI: 10.1136/adc.60.6.542 -
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Mar 2013Neonatal septicemia is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide during the neonatal period. It can be classified into two subtypes: early-onset... (Review)
Review
Neonatal septicemia is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide during the neonatal period. It can be classified into two subtypes: early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) depending upon the time of onset. In the western developed countries, group B Streptococcal and Escherichia coli are leading pathogens for EOS, while the most frequent microorganism involved in LOS is coagulase negative Staphylococci, which are different from the domestic data. Clinical manifestations of neonatal septicemia are not specific, so that it is often misdiagnosed. This review describes the progress in diagnostic methods for neonatal septicemia, including blood culture, blood cell counts, cytokine profiles and umbilical cord blood examinations. It provides useful information for early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal septicemia.
Topics: Blood Cell Count; C-Reactive Protein; Calcitonin; Cytokines; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Protein Precursors; Sepsis
PubMed: 23498771
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Dec 1956
Topics: Bacteremia; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Sepsis
PubMed: 13374650
DOI: No ID Found -
Renal Failure Nov 2020
Meta-Analysis
Topics: Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Renal Dialysis; Sepsis
PubMed: 32552219
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2020.1776733 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy May 2019The duration of antibiotic therapy for bacteremia due to is not well defined. We sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes with shorter- versus longer-course treatment.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The duration of antibiotic therapy for bacteremia due to is not well defined. We sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes with shorter- versus longer-course treatment. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases through May 2018. Studies presenting comparative outcomes between patients receiving antibiotic treatment for ≤10 days ("short-course") and those treated for >10 days ("long-course") were considered eligible. Four retrospective cohort studies and one randomized controlled trial comprising 2,865 patients met the inclusion criteria. The short- and long-course antibiotic treatments did not differ in 30-day all-cause mortality (1,374 patients; risk ratio [RR] = 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.43), 90-day all-cause mortality (1,750 patients; RR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.66), clinical cure (1,080 patients; RR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.08), or relapse at 90 days (1,750 patients; RR = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.67). In patients with bacteremia due to , the short- and long-course antibiotic treatments did not differ significantly in terms of clinical outcomes. Further well-designed studies are needed before treatment for 10 days or less is adopted in clinical practice.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Enterobacteriaceae; Humans; Sepsis
PubMed: 30803971
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02495-18 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Apr 1970
Topics: Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Humans; Klebsiella; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Salmonella; Sepsis; Serratia marcescens
PubMed: 4909186
DOI: No ID Found -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Dec 1969
Topics: Coronary Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Fever; Humans; Male; Postoperative Complications; Prostate; Pulmonary Embolism; Sepsis; Urinary Catheterization; Urography
PubMed: 5391504
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jul 1988
Topics: Humans; Meningococcal Infections; Prognosis; Properdin; Sepsis
PubMed: 3408914
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.297.6640.65-b