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Nutrients May 2016The increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has stimulated research for substances that could improve cardiovascular health. Among them, resveratrol (RES),... (Review)
Review
The increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has stimulated research for substances that could improve cardiovascular health. Among them, resveratrol (RES), a polyphenolic compound notably present in grapes and red wine, has been involved in the "French paradox". RES is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and for its ability to upregulate endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). RES was able to scavenge (•)OH/O₂(•-) and peroxyl radicals, which can limit the lipid peroxidation processes. Moreover, in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) under glucose-induced oxidative stress, RES restored the activity of dimethylargininedimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), an enzyme that degrades an endogenous inhibitor of eNOS named asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Thus, RES could improve (•)NO availability and decrease the endothelial dysfunction observed in diabetes. Preclinical studies have made it possible to identify molecular targets (SIRT-1, AMPK, Nrf2, NFκB…); however, there are limited human clinical trials, and difficulties in the interpretation of results arise from the use of high-dose RES supplements in research studies, whereas low RES concentrations are present in red wine. The discussions on potential beneficial effects of RES in CVDs (atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure) should compare the results of preclinical studies with those of clinical trials.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Fats; Humans; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Wine
PubMed: 27144581
DOI: 10.3390/nu8050250 -
The Review of Diabetic Studies : RDS 2013Resveratrol is a stilbene compound, and a phytoalexin, synthesized by plants in response to stressful stimuli, usually caused by infection. It is abundantly present in... (Review)
Review
Resveratrol is a stilbene compound, and a phytoalexin, synthesized by plants in response to stressful stimuli, usually caused by infection. It is abundantly present in red wine, ports and sherries, red grapes, blueberries, peanuts, itadori tea, as well as hops, pistachios, and in grape and cranberry juices. The anti-hyperglycemic effects of resveratrol seem to be the result of an increased action of the glucose transporter in the cytoplasmic membrane. Studies on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes have demonstrated that the expression of the insulin-dependent glucose transporter, GLUT4, is increased after resveratrol ingestion. Also, resveratrol enhances adiponectin levels, which could be one of the potential mechanisms by which it improves insulin sensitivity. Another important observation is that resveratrol induces the secretion of the gut incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1. Resveratrol is also reported to activate Sir2 (silent information regulatory 2), a SIRT1 homolog, thus mimicking the benefits of calorie restriction. It produces a wide variety of effects in mammalian cells, including activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which is involved in some of the same metabolic pathways as SIRT1, which may influence other mechanisms via the involvement of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In the near future, resveratrol-based therapies with either resveratrol or its analogs that have better bioavailability could be useful in the treatment of diabetes and its complications, either alone or in combination with other anti-diabetic drugs.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Plant Extracts; Resveratrol; Stilbenes
PubMed: 24841877
DOI: 10.1900/RDS.2013.10.236 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2022Resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbene phytoalexin phenolic compound, which has been extensively studied on its biological activity. It has been widely accepted... (Review)
Review
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbene phytoalexin phenolic compound, which has been extensively studied on its biological activity. It has been widely accepted that resveratrol possesses anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. In this review, we summarize the anti-inflammatory dosages and mechanism and antiviral mechanism of resveratrol. Since viral infections are often accompanied by inflammation, we propose that the NF-B signaling pathway is a key and common molecular mechanism of resveratrol to exert anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. For future studies, we believe that resveratrol's anti-inflammatory and antiviral mechanisms can consider the upstream signaling molecules of the NF-B signaling pathway. For resveratrol antivirus, future studies can be conducted on the interaction of resveratrol with key proteins or important enzymes of the virus. In addition, we also think that the clinical application of resveratrol is very important. In short, resveratrol is a promising anti-inflammatory and antiviral drug, and research on it needs to be expanded.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antiviral Agents; NF-kappa B; Resveratrol; Stilbenes
PubMed: 35990040
DOI: 10.1155/2022/7138756 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Jun 2015Low-to-moderate red wine consumption appeared to reduce age-related neurological disorders including macular degeneration, stroke, and cognitive deficits with or without... (Review)
Review
Low-to-moderate red wine consumption appeared to reduce age-related neurological disorders including macular degeneration, stroke, and cognitive deficits with or without dementia. Resveratrol has been considered as one of the key ingredients responsible for the preventive action of red wine since the stilbene displays a neuroprotective action in various models of toxicity. Besides its well documented free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties, resveratrol has been shown to increase the clearance of beta-amyloid, a key feature of Alzheimer's disease, and to modulate intracellular effectors associated with oxidative stress (e.g. heme oxygenase), neuronal energy homeostasis (e.g. AMP kinase), program cell death (i.e. AIF) and longevity (i.e. sirtuins). This article summarizes the most recent findings on mechanisms of action involved in the protective effects of this multi target polyphenol, and discusses its possible roles in the prevention of various age-related neurological disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Resveratrol: Challenges in translating pre-clinical findings to improved patient outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Humans; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Synapses
PubMed: 25281824
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.09.011 -
Redox Report : Communications in Free... Dec 2023Mitochondrial dysfunction leading to overproduction of oxygen free radicals is an important event in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Tetrahydroxy stilbene...
Mitochondrial dysfunction leading to overproduction of oxygen free radicals is an important event in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG) is one of the main effective components of Polygonum multiflorum and has a certain free radical scavenging effect. We synthesized tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside derivatives (Mito-TSGs) that can cross the mitochondrial membrane and may provide effective protection against Alzheimer's disease. This experiment investigates the protective mechanism of tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside derivatives against mitochondrial free radical damage and apoptosis in APP695V717I transgenic model mice. The experimental subjects were healthy 3-month-old APP695V717I transgenic model mice, while C57BL/6J mice of the same age and genetic background served as controls. The results demonstrated that the tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside derivatives significantly improved mouse behavioral performance. It also led to a decrease in the levels of H2O2, NO, MDA, and LD, along with an increase in LDH activity and in the antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px. Moreover, it elevated the mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased the gene and protein expression of Caspase-3 and Bax, and increased the gene and protein expression of Bcl-2. Notably, the effectiveness of tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside derivatives was superior to that of traditional tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Glycosides; Mice, Transgenic; Alzheimer Disease; Hydrogen Peroxide; Apoptosis; Antioxidants; Free Radicals; Stilbenes
PubMed: 37728223
DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2259246 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Stilbene and its derivatives belong to the group of biologically active compounds. Some derivatives occur naturally in various plant species, while others are obtained... (Review)
Review
Stilbene and its derivatives belong to the group of biologically active compounds. Some derivatives occur naturally in various plant species, while others are obtained by synthesis. Resveratrol is one of the best-known stilbene derivatives. Many stilbene derivatives exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal or anticancer properties. A thorough understanding of the properties of this group of biologically active compounds, and the development of their analytics from various matrices, will allow for a wider range of applications. This information is particularly important in the era of increasing incidence of various diseases hitherto unknown, including COVID-19, which is still present in our population. The purpose of this study was to summarize information on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of stilbene derivatives, their biological activity, potential applications as preservatives, antiseptics and disinfectants, and stability analysis in various matrices. Optimal conditions for the analysis of the stilbene derivatives in question were developed using the isotachophoresis technique.
Topics: Humans; Stilbenes; COVID-19; Resveratrol; Antifungal Agents; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 37298957
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114482 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Stilbenes; Glucosides
PubMed: 33933296
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.027 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2018Stilbenoids are a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds found in various plant species. They share a common backbone structure known as stilbene, but differ in... (Review)
Review
Stilbenoids are a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds found in various plant species. They share a common backbone structure known as stilbene, but differ in the nature and position of substituents. Stilbenoids are classified as phytoalexins, which are antimicrobial compounds produced de novo in plants to protect against fungal infection and toxins. In this review, the biological effects of stilbenoids such as resveratrol, pterostilbene, gnetol and piceatannol are discussed. Stilbenoids exert various biological activities ranging from cardioprotection, neuroprotection, anti-diabetic properties, depigmentation, anti-inflammation, cancer prevention and treatment. The results presented cover a myriad of models, from cell culture to animal studies as well as clinical human trials. Although positive results were obtained in most cell culture and animal studies, further human studies are needed to substantiate beneficial effects of stilbenoids. Resveratrol remains the most widely studied stilbenoid. However, there is limited information regarding the potential of less common stilbenoids. Therefore, further research is warranted to evaluate the salutary effects of various stilbenoids.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Models, Animal; Neuroprotective Agents; Resveratrol; Stilbenes
PubMed: 29522491
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030792 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022is the second biggest genus in the Orchidaceae family, and many of them have been utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years in China. In... (Review)
Review
is the second biggest genus in the Orchidaceae family, and many of them have been utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years in China. In the last few decades, constituents with great chemical diversity were isolated from , and a wide range of biological activities were detected, either for crude extracts or for pure compounds. Stilbene compound is one of the primary active constituents in the genus . At present, 267 stilbene compounds with clarified molecular structures have been extracted and isolated from 52 species of , including 124 phenanthrenes and 143 bibenzyls. At the same time, activity studies have indicated that 157 compounds have pharmaceutical activity. Among them, most of the compounds showed antitumor activity, followed by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Additionally, 54 compounds have multiple pharmacological activities, such as confusarin (14), 2,4,7-trihydroxy-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene (43), moscatilin (148), gigantol (150) and batatasin III (151). This review summarizes current knowledge about the chemical composition of stilbene, bioactivities and pharmacologic effects in 52 species of . We also expect to provide a reference for further research, development and utilization of stilbene constituents in the genus.
Topics: Dendrobium; Stilbenes; Molecular Structure; Antioxidants; China
PubMed: 36364058
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217233 -
Nutrients Apr 2016Resveratrol, a naturally occurring plant polyphenol found in grapes, is the principal biologically active component in red wine. Clinical studies have shown that... (Review)
Review
Resveratrol, a naturally occurring plant polyphenol found in grapes, is the principal biologically active component in red wine. Clinical studies have shown that resveratrol due to its potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are cardio-protective, chemotherapeutic, neuroprotective, and display anti-aging effects. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in the initiation and progression of age-related ocular diseases (glaucoma, cataract, diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration) that lead to progressive loss of vision and blindness. In vitro and in vivo (animal model) experimental studies performed so far have provided evidence for the biological effects of resveratrol on numerous pathways including oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, pro-survival or angiogenesis that are implicated in the pathogenesis of these age-related ocular disorders. In this review, we provide a brief overview of current scientific literature on resveratrol, its plausible mechanism(s) of action, its potential use and current limitations as a nutritional therapeutic intervention in the eye and its related disorders.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Supplements; Eye Diseases; Food Analysis; Humans; Resveratrol; Stilbenes
PubMed: 27058553
DOI: 10.3390/nu8040200