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Cell Structure and Function Mar 1985Clonal culture of PCC3/A/1 teratocarcinoma stem cells in serum-free medium has been achieved with feeder layers. Under this culture condition, stem cells effectively...
Clonal culture of PCC3/A/1 teratocarcinoma stem cells in serum-free medium has been achieved with feeder layers. Under this culture condition, stem cells effectively differentiated into various types of somatic cells, in particular chondrocytes and adipocytes. Myotubes and neuron-like cells also appeared, but infrequently. Embryonic endoderm cells were rarely observed. There appeared to be two stages in the differentiation process; In the early stage, only fibroblastic cells were found with the undifferentiated stem cells. In the later stage, chondrocytes and adipocytes predominated. Chondro-adipocyte differentiation occurred only after fibroblastic cell differentiation, an indication that fibroblastic cells may have an important function in chondro-adipocyte differentiation. Thus, the serum-free culture of PCC3/A/1 cells provides a suitable system with which to study the cell lineages and regulatory mechanisms of chondro-adipocyte differentiation.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cartilage; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Clone Cells; Mesoderm; Mice; Teratoma
PubMed: 3995602
DOI: 10.1247/csf.10.47 -
Journal of Ovarian Research Apr 2016Deficiency in Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) may predispose to some malignancies, including gonadal tumors and in experimental models vitamin D3 has been proven to inhibit...
BACKGROUND
Deficiency in Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) may predispose to some malignancies, including gonadal tumors and in experimental models vitamin D3 has been proven to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. To learn more about the potential role of vitamin D3 in cancerogenesis, we evaluated the expression and functionality of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its role in metastasis of ovarian cancer cells and of murine and human teratocarcinoma cell lines.
METHODS
In our studies we employed murine embrynic stem cells (ESD3), murine (P19) and human (NTERA-2) teratocarcimona cells lines, human ovarian cancer cells (A2780) as well as purified murine and human purified very small embryonic like stem cells (VSELs). We evaluated expression of Vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) in these cells as well as effect of vitamin D3 exposure on cell proliferation and migration.
RESULTS
We here provide also more evidence for the role of vitamin D3 in germline-derived malignancies, and this evidence supports the proposal that vitamin D3 treatment inhibits growth and metastatic potential of several germline-derived malignancies. We also found that the ESD3 murine immortalized embryonic stem cell line and normal, pluripotent, germline-marker-positive very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) isolated from adult tissues are stimulated by vitamin D3, which suggests that vitamin D3 affects the earliest stages of embryogenesis.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that however all normal and malignant germ-line derived cells express functional VDR, Vitamin D3 differently affects their proliferation and migration. We postulate that while Vitamin D3 as anticancer drug inhibits proliferation of malignant cells, it may protect normal stem cells that play an important role in development and tissue/organ regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Calcitriol; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Female; Fetal Blood; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Human Embryonic Stem Cells; Humans; Mice; Mice, SCID; Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells; Neoplasm Transplantation; Ovarian Neoplasms; Receptors, Calcitriol; Teratocarcinoma
PubMed: 27091127
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0235-x -
Neurology India 2010Cranio-spinal axis teratomas are rare. This subset is interesting because symptoms can be varied, depending on the location. Histopathology is diagnostic; most of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Cranio-spinal axis teratomas are rare. This subset is interesting because symptoms can be varied, depending on the location. Histopathology is diagnostic; most of the lesions are benign. Rarely, malignancy develops in any of the somatic components.
AIMS
To study the demographic, clinico-morphological and follow-up data of central nervous system (CNS) teratomas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cases diagnosed as mature or immature teratomas in the CNS over a 20-year period were included in the study. Clinico-radiological, demographic and follow-up data of these cases were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 14 tumors were diagnosed as teratomas. Of these, 11 were mature cystic teratomas; and 1 case each, of teratoma with malignant transformation, terato-carcinoma and mixed germ cell tumor (immature teratoma with germinoma). Six of the 14 cases were intracranial and 8 were spinal. Presenting features varied according to the location. Radiologically, contrast enhancement with predominantly solid component was suggestive of malignancy or an aggressive tumor. Morphologically, a variety of tissue derivatives were seen in the cases. Excision was curative or provided symptomatic relief in most cases; terato-carcinoma and mixed germ cell tumor patients needed adjuvant radiotherapy.
CONCLUSION
CNS teratomas are rare. Morphology and location decide outcome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neurosurgery; Teratoma; Young Adult
PubMed: 21150046
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.73740 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021Based on previous investigations where bis-bibenzyls isolated from liverworts showed various biological activities (cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiviral), we...
Based on previous investigations where bis-bibenzyls isolated from liverworts showed various biological activities (cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiviral), we investigated their cytotoxic activity in several human cancer cell lines. From the methylene-chloride/methanol extract of the liverwort , three bis-bibenzyls of the perrottetin type were isolated, namely perrottetin E, 10'-hydroxyperrottetin E, and 10,10'-dihydroxyperrottetin E. The last two were found for the first time in this species. Their structures were resolved using 1D and 2D NMR, as well as by comparison with data in the literature. Cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds was tested on three human leukemia cell lines, HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia cells), U-937 (acute monocytic leukemia cells), and K-562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells), as well as on human embryonal teratocarcinoma cell line (NT2/D1) and human glioblastoma cell lines A-172 and U-251, and compared to the previously isolated bis-bibenzyls (perrottetins) of similar structure. The isolated compounds exhibited modest activity against leukemia cells and significant activity against NT2/D1 and A-172. Overall, the most active cytotoxic compounds in this investigation were perrottetin E (1), isolated in this work from , and perrottetin F phenanthrene derivative (7), previously isolated from and added for a comparison of their cytotoxic activity.
PubMed: 34073157
DOI: 10.3390/plants10061063 -
Stem Cell Reports Feb 2022Inhibition of PIKfyve phosphoinositide kinase selectively kills autophagy-dependent cancer cells by disrupting lysosome homeostasis. Here, we show that PIKfyve...
Inhibition of PIKfyve phosphoinositide kinase selectively kills autophagy-dependent cancer cells by disrupting lysosome homeostasis. Here, we show that PIKfyve inhibitors can also selectively eliminate pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs), embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells under conditions where differentiated cells remain viable. PIKfyve inhibitors prevented lysosome fission, induced autophagosome accumulation, and reduced cell proliferation in both pluripotent and differentiated cells, but they induced death only in pluripotent cells. The ability of PIKfyve inhibitors to distinguish between pluripotent and differentiated cells was confirmed with xenografts derived from ECCs. Pretreatment of ECCs with the PIKfyve specific inhibitor WX8 suppressed their ability to form teratocarcinomas in mice, and intraperitoneal injections of WX8 into mice harboring teratocarcinoma xenografts selectively eliminated pluripotent cells. Differentiated cells continued to proliferate, but at a reduced rate. These results provide a proof of principle that PIKfyve specific inhibitors can selectively eliminate pluripotent stem cells in vivo as well as in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Line; Cell Survival; DNA; Embryonic Stem Cells; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; G1 Phase; Humans; Hydrazines; Mice; Mice, Nude; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Teratocarcinoma; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 35063131
DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.013 -
PloS One 2019Human endogenous retroviruses are remnants of ancient germline infections that make up approximately 8% of the modern human genome. The HERV-K (HML-2) family is one of...
Human endogenous retroviruses are remnants of ancient germline infections that make up approximately 8% of the modern human genome. The HERV-K (HML-2) family is one of the most recent entrants into the human germline, these viruses appear to be transcriptionally active, and HERV-K viral like particles (VLPs) are found in cell lines from a number of human malignancies. HERV-K VLPs were first found to be produced in teratocarcinoma cell lines, and since then teratocarcinoma has been thought of as the classical model for HERV-Ks, with the NCCIT teratocarcinoma cell line particularly known to produce VLPs. Treatment for teratocarcinoma has progressed since its discovery, with improved prognosis for patients. Since the introduction of platinum based therapy, first year survival has greatly improved even with disseminated disease; however, it is estimated that 20% to 30% of patients present with metastatic germ cell tumor relapse following initial treatments. Also, the toxicity associated with the use of chemotherapeutic agents used to treat germ cell tumors is still a major concern. In this study, we show that the depletion of the HERV-K accessory protein Np9 increases the sensitivity of NCCIT teratocarcinoma cells to bleomycin and cisplatin. While decreasing the expression of Np9 had only a modest effect on the baseline viability of the cells, the reduced expression of Np9 increased the sensitivity of the teratocarcinoma cells to environmental (serum starvation) and chemical (chemotherapeutic) stresses. Np9 is also essential to the migration of NCCIT teratocarcinoma cells: in a wound closure assay, reduced expression of Np9 resulted in cells migrating into the wound at a slower rate, whereas reintroduction of Np9 resulted in NCCIT cells migrating back into the wound in a manner similar to the control. These findings support the implication that the HERV-K accessory protein Np9 has oncogenic potential.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Bleomycin; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Survival; Cisplatin; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Endogenous Retroviruses; Gene Products, env; Humans; Male; Teratocarcinoma; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 30818388
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212970 -
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental... Jan 2000A sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm histologically characterized by the combination of one or more epithelial elements... (Review)
Review
A sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm histologically characterized by the combination of one or more epithelial elements and mesenchymal components. We report a case of a 78-year-old man with SNTCS involving the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. He complained of epiphora and exophthalmos with weight loss. Physical and diagnostic images resulted T4N0M0. The tumor was completely and widely resected via a trans-facial approach to perform total maxillectomy with orbital exenteration. The clinical presentation, pathologic features, and clinical course are described with a review of the literature.
Topics: Aged; Carcinosarcoma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Nasal Cavity; Nose Neoplasms; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Teratocarcinoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 10750739
DOI: 10.1620/tjem.190.51 -
Journal of the National Medical... Aug 1980Precise localization, detection, and recognition of minor changes in testicular lesions are important because teratocarcinoma is notorious for manifesting as secondaries...
Precise localization, detection, and recognition of minor changes in testicular lesions are important because teratocarcinoma is notorious for manifesting as secondaries at the time the primary site is obvious to the clinician. In the past, questionable enlargement of the testis due to significant pathology required numerous radiographic invasive special procedures to provide a correct diagnosis. Due to the advent of the sophisticated digital ultrasound imager with high frequency quarter wave transducer, it is possible to detect minor changes in the tissue character of the testis, thus enabling the physician to tackle primary neoplasms prior to distant spread.In our case we were able to detect the abnormality in the testis, but unfortunately a large secondary abnormal mass was present. Even at that stage we were able to map out the extent of the lesion which was beneficial to the surgeon and the patient. Ultrasound studies were utilized in serial follow-up studies.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 7401191
DOI: No ID Found -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2013MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) functions have been linked to cancer progression and chemo- or radiotherapy resistance. While an increasing number of studies have reported a...
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) functions have been linked to cancer progression and chemo- or radiotherapy resistance. While an increasing number of studies have reported a potential role of miR-21 expression in promoting growth of a small population of stem/progenitor cells, knowledge on its role as a regulator of stemness in cancers remains limited. In a previous issue of Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Chung and colleagues provide evidence that miR-21 is highly expressed in stem/progenitor populations of ovarian teratocarcinoma cells and has the potential to mediate growth and self-renewal in cancer stem/progenitor cells. Here we summarize current knowledge on miR-21 functions in human cancers and discuss how this finding provides insight into the role of miR-21 as an oncogenic regulator in stem/progenitor cell populations of human cancers.
Topics: Female; Humans; MicroRNAs; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Stem Cells
PubMed: 24041029
DOI: 10.1186/scrt321 -
Cell Transplantation 2013Pluripotent stem cells represent an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine. However, the risk of teratoma formation after transplantation restricts their... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Development of experimental tumors formed by mouse and human embryonic stem and teratocarcinoma cells after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal transplantations into immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice.
Pluripotent stem cells represent an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine. However, the risk of teratoma formation after transplantation restricts their clinical application. Therefore, to adequately evaluate the potential risk of tumorigenicity after cell transplantation into human tissues, effective animal transplantation assays need to be developed. We performed a multiparameter (cell number, transplantation site, cell type, host) comparative analysis of the efficiency of tumor development after transplantation of mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cells and their malignant counterparts, teratocarcinoma (EC) cells, into animal recipients and revealed several key correlations. We found that the efficiency of tumor growth was higher after intraperitoneal than after subcutaneous transplantations of all cell lines studied. The minimal cell numbers sufficient for tumor growth in immunodeficient nude mice were 100-fold lower for intraperitoneal than for subcutaneous transplantations of mouse and human ES cells (10(3) vs. 10(5) and 10(4) vs. 10(6), respectively). Moreover, mouse ES and EC cells formed tumors in immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice more effectively than human ES and EC cells. After intraperitoneal transplantation of 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5) mouse ES cells, teratomas developed in 83%, 100%, and 100% of nude mice, whereas after human ES cell transplantation, teratomas developed in 0%, 17%, and 60%, respectively. In addition, malignant mouse and human EC cells initiated tumor growth after intraperitoneal transplantation significantly faster and more effectively than ES cells. Mouse and human ES cells formed different types of teratomas containing derivatives of three germ layers but different numbers of undifferentiated cells. ES cell-like sublines with differentiation potential similar to the parental cell line were recloned only from mouse, but not from human, ES cell teratomas. These findings provide new information about the possibility and efficiency of tumor growth after transplantation of pluripotent stem cells. This information allows one to predict and possibly prevent the possible risks of tumorigenicity that could arise from stem cell therapeutics.
Topics: Animals; Embryonic Stem Cells; Humans; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Karyotyping; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Nude; Neoplasms, Experimental; Teratoma
PubMed: 23051679
DOI: 10.3727/096368912X657837