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BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Sep 2009To examine associations between thigh circumference and incident cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease and total mortality.
OBJECTIVE
To examine associations between thigh circumference and incident cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease and total mortality.
DESIGN
Prospective observational cohort study with Cox proportional hazards model and restricted cubic splines.
SETTING
Random subset of adults in Denmark.
PARTICIPANTS
1436 men and 1380 women participating in the Danish MONICA project, examined in 1987-8 for height, weight, and thigh, hip, and waist circumference, and body composition by impedance.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
10 year incidence of cardiovascular and coronary heart disease and 12.5 years of follow-up for total death.
RESULTS
A small thigh circumference was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases and total mortality in both men and women. A threshold effect for thigh circumference was evident, with greatly increased risk of premature death below around 60 cm. Above the threshold there seemed to be no additional benefit of having larger thighs in either sex. These findings were independent of abdominal and general obesity, lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure and lipid concentration.
CONCLUSION
A low thigh circumference seems to be associated with an increased risk of developing heart disease or premature death. The adverse effects of small thighs might be related to too little muscle mass in the region. The measure of thigh circumference might be a relevant anthropometric measure to help general practitioners in early identification of individuals at an increased risk of premature morbidity and mortality.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Composition; Body Height; Body Weight; Coronary Disease; Denmark; Early Diagnosis; Electric Impedance; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Thigh
PubMed: 19729416
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b3292 -
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation... Jun 2015The ability to rise from a chair to reach a standing position is impaired after stroke. This paper aims to review for the first time the factors that impact the ability... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The ability to rise from a chair to reach a standing position is impaired after stroke. This paper aims to review for the first time the factors that impact the ability to rise from a chair and identify recommendations for post-stroke rehabilitation.
METHODS
In order to analyse relevant scientific publications (French and English), the search terms "stroke", "rehabilitation" and "sit-to-stand" (STS and its variations) were used. The initial literature search identified 122 titles and abstracts for full review and 46 were retained because both the junior and senior researchers agreed that they were aligned with the objectives of this review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
During STS, most individuals with hemiparesis able to stand independently presented several changes such as lateral deviation of the trunk towards the unaffected side (ipsilesional side), asymmetrical weight bearing (WB) and asymmetry of knee moment forces. Interestingly, the WB asymmetry was observed even before seat-off, when subjects with hemiparesis still had their thighs in contact with the chair suggesting a planned strategy. Among other interesting results, the time to execute the STS was longer than in controls and influenced by the sensorimotor deficits. A greater risk of falling was observed with a need for more time to stabilize the body during STS and especially during the extension phase. Some rehabilitation interventions may be effective in improving STS duration, WB symmetry and the ability to stand independently with repeated practice (mentally or physically) of STS tasks. However, more research is essential to further investigate effects of specific training protocols and pursue better understanding of this complex and demanding task, particularly for stroke patients who need assistance during this transfer.
Topics: Humans; Knee; Movement; Paresis; Posture; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Task Performance and Analysis; Thigh; Weight-Bearing
PubMed: 26004813
DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.04.007 -
European Archives of... Jun 2020Fascia lata (FL) is often used as fascial component of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap in head and neck reconstruction. No distinct data exist on whether the FL has...
PURPOSE
Fascia lata (FL) is often used as fascial component of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap in head and neck reconstruction. No distinct data exist on whether the FL has its own reliable vascular supply and whether the fascia alone can be harvested as a fascia lata free flap.
METHODS
We dissected 25 thighs of 15 cadavers. The lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) was identified, and the size of stained fascia and skin were measured after injection of methylene blue into the descending branch (DB). Finally, topography of fascial vessels was determined.
RESULTS
Staining of fascia and skin paddle was found in all 25 cases. Ascending skin perforators of the DB of the LCFA gave off branches for supply of the FL enabling harvest of a fascia lata free flap. Septo- or musculocutaneous perforators pierced FL and entered skin within the proximal 38.6-60% of the thigh. The mean length and width of stained FL was 15.8 ± 4.1 cm and 8.7 ± 2.0 cm, respectively, and size of stained FL ranged from 40.0 to 336.0 cm. In 20 cases (80%), skin paddles were 2.4 times larger on average compared to corresponding FL.
CONCLUSION
We could demonstrate that the FL receives its own vascular supply from perforators of the DB originating from the LCFA. Hence, harvest of a fascia lata free flap is possible, reliable, and the size of the fascia is suitable for reconstruction of small and large defects of the head and neck.
Topics: Fascia Lata; Femoral Artery; Free Tissue Flaps; Head; Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Thigh
PubMed: 32100132
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05861-8 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2021We investigated the effect of physical activity on muscle tissue size and intramuscular adipose tissue (IntraMAT) content in the thigh muscle groups of younger and older...
We investigated the effect of physical activity on muscle tissue size and intramuscular adipose tissue (IntraMAT) content in the thigh muscle groups of younger and older men. Twenty younger and 20 older men participated in this study. The muscle tissue cross-sectional area (CSA) and the IntraMAT content in the quadriceps femoris (QF), hamstrings (HM), hip adductors (AD), and mid-thigh total were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The physical activity time was measured using a triaxial accelerometer, and four levels of physical activity were determined depending on the metabolic equivalent of task (METs), including sedentary (≤ 1.5 METs), light intensity (≤ 2.9 METs), moderate intensity (3.0-5.9 METs), and vigorous intensity (≥ 6.0 METs). No significant correlation was observed between the physical activity parameters and muscle tissue CSA in both groups. The IntraMAT content of the three muscle groups (QF, AD, and HM) and the total thigh was inversely correlated with the time of moderate-intensity physical activity (r = - 0.625 to - 0.489, P < 0.05, for all comparisons) in the young group, but not in the older group. These results indicate that IntraMAT accumulation was associated with the amount of moderate-physical activity in younger men.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Data Analysis; Exercise; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Organ Size; Thigh; Young Adult
PubMed: 34611211
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99126-x -
Radiology May 2017Purpose To determine the repeatability and accuracy of a commercially available magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based, semiautomated method to quantify abdominal adipose... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Quantifying Abdominal Adipose Tissue and Thigh Muscle Volume and Hepatic Proton Density Fat Fraction: Repeatability and Accuracy of an MR Imaging-based, Semiautomated Analysis Method.
Purpose To determine the repeatability and accuracy of a commercially available magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based, semiautomated method to quantify abdominal adipose tissue and thigh muscle volume and hepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF). Materials and Methods This prospective study was institutional review board- approved and HIPAA compliant. All subjects provided written informed consent. Inclusion criteria were age of 18 years or older and willingness to participate. The exclusion criterion was contraindication to MR imaging. Three-dimensional T1-weighted dual-echo body-coil images were acquired three times. Source images were reconstructed to generate water and calibrated fat images. Abdominal adipose tissue and thigh muscle were segmented, and their volumes were estimated by using a semiautomated method and, as a reference standard, a manual method. Hepatic PDFF was estimated by using a confounder-corrected chemical shift-encoded MR imaging method with hybrid complex-magnitude reconstruction and, as a reference standard, MR spectroscopy. Tissue volume and hepatic PDFF intra- and interexamination repeatability were assessed by using intraclass correlation and coefficient of variation analysis. Tissue volume and hepatic PDFF accuracy were assessed by means of linear regression with the respective reference standards. Results Adipose and thigh muscle tissue volumes of 20 subjects (18 women; age range, 25-76 years; body mass index range, 19.3-43.9 kg/m) were estimated by using the semiautomated method. Intra- and interexamination intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.996-0.998 and coefficients of variation were 1.5%-3.6%. For hepatic MR imaging PDFF, intra- and interexamination intraclass correlation coefficients were greater than or equal to 0.994 and coefficients of variation were less than or equal to 7.3%. In the regression analyses of manual versus semiautomated volume and spectroscopy versus MR imaging, PDFF slopes and intercepts were close to the identity line, and correlations of determination at multivariate analysis (R) ranged from 0.744 to 0.994. Conclusion This MR imaging-based, semiautomated method provides high repeatability and accuracy for estimating abdominal adipose tissue and thigh muscle volumes and hepatic PDFF. RSNA, 2017.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Adiposity; Adult; Densitometry; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Organ Size; Pattern Recognition, Automated; Protons; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thigh
PubMed: 28278002
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017160606 -
Folia Morphologica 2021This review aims to summarise the relevant literature surrounding the tensor vastus intermedius, a newly discovered muscle, and to discuss its morphology and potential... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This review aims to summarise the relevant literature surrounding the tensor vastus intermedius, a newly discovered muscle, and to discuss its morphology and potential clinical importance. No such review currently exists in the literature.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive literature search regarding the tensor vastus intermedius was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar in July 2020. Principles of Evidence-Based Anatomy and the Anatomical Quality Assessment Tool were employed to ensure a high-level review. All relevant papers were included and citation tracking was performed to uncover further publications.
RESULTS
The tensor vastus intermedius is found in the anterior compartment of the thigh and has a similar morphology to the other vasti muscles. It has four main variations and a consistent neurovascular supply. The muscle has been implicated in a number of case reports and surgical procedures, which are described in detail in this paper.
CONCLUSIONS
In the 4 years since the tensor vastus intermedius was formally described, a significant amount of work has been done to help us understand its structure and function. Further efforts are needed to gain a full picture as to its clinical importance. As such, it is recommended that this muscle should be acknowledged in anatomical education.
Topics: Quadriceps Muscle; Thigh
PubMed: 33084009
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2020.0123 -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... May 2021Vascular arteriovenous malformations originate during the early stages of embryonic development and generally grow progressively, especially during adolescence and...
Vascular arteriovenous malformations originate during the early stages of embryonic development and generally grow progressively, especially during adolescence and pregnancy. Limb salvage using microsurgery is presented, in a patient with an arteriovenous malformation who was initially a candidate for limb amputation. En bloc resection of the arteriovenous malformation of all segments with extended brachial approach and the cutaneous component was performed, with an anterolateral thigh free flap for the lateral reconstruction of the hand.
Topics: Adolescent; Arteriovenous Malformations; Female; Free Tissue Flaps; Hand; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Humans; Limb Salvage; Microsurgery; Thigh
PubMed: 33682460
DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.7119 -
PloS One 2019The purpose of this study was to determine and compare thigh muscle volumes (MVs), and sprint mechanical properties and performance between male and female...
The purpose of this study was to determine and compare thigh muscle volumes (MVs), and sprint mechanical properties and performance between male and female national-level sprinters. We also studied possible relationships between thigh MVs and sprint performance. Nine male and eight female national-level sprinters participated in the study. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of the thighs were obtained to determine MVs of quadriceps, hamstrings and adductors. Sprint performance was measured as the time to cover 40 and 80 m. Instantaneous sprint velocity was measured by radar to obtain theoretical maximum force (F0), theoretical maximum velocity (V0) and maximum power (Pmax). When MVs were normalized by height-mass, males showed larger hamstrings (13.5%, ES = 1.26, P < 0.05) compared with females, while quadriceps and adductors showed no statistically significant differences. Males were extremely faster than females in 40 m (14%, ES = 6.68, P < 0.001) and in 80 m (15%, ES = 5.01, P < 0.001. Males also showed increased sprint mechanical properties, with larger F0 (19%, ES = 1.98, P < 0.01), much larger Pmax (46%, ES = 3.76, P < 0.001), and extremely larger V0 (23%, ES = 6.97, P < 0.001). With the pooled data, hamstring and adductor MVs correlated strongly (r = -0.685, P < 0.01) and moderately (r = -0.530, P < 0.05), respectively, with sprint performance; while quadriceps showed no association. The sex-stratified analysis showed weaker associations compared with pooled data, most likely due to small sample size. In conclusion, males were faster than females and showed larger MVs, especially in hamstrings. Moreover, regarding the thigh muscles, hamstrings MV seems the most related with sprint performance as previously proposed.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Organ Size; Running; Sex Characteristics; Thigh; Young Adult
PubMed: 31689336
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224862 -
Poultry Science Apr 2020The consumption of meat products from old broiler breeder hen (OBH) and old laying hen (OLH) is limited by their poor organoleptic properties. In this study, the...
The consumption of meat products from old broiler breeder hen (OBH) and old laying hen (OLH) is limited by their poor organoleptic properties. In this study, the physicochemical properties of breast and thigh meat from OBH and OLH and their application to the development of pressed ham with better quality properties were examined. To manufacture pressed ham, 3 different chicken meat mixtures (mixture A, 50% breast and 50% thigh from OBH; mixture B, 50% breast and 50% thigh meat from OLH; mixture C, 25% breast and 25% thigh from OBH and OLH, respectively) were used. Breast meat from OBH showed a higher water holding capacity (WHC; P < 0.001), a* values (P < 0.05), and tenderness (P < 0.001) and lower cooking loss (P < 0.001) and b* values (P < 0.01) than those of other samples. No significant differences in physicochemical properties of thigh meat were detected between OBH and OLH. Regardless of chicken breed, the thigh samples showed significantly higher pH values, cooking loss, and a* and significantly lower WHC, L*, and b* than those of breast samples. The quality properties of pressed ham were affected by the physicochemical characteristics of meat ingredients, including pH, WHC, and textural properties. The pressed ham samples with mixtures A and B showed the lowest (P < 0.05) and highest (P < 0.05) values, respectively, for cooking loss, L*, b*, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The highest (P < 0.05) overall acceptability scores were obtained for samples made with mixture A. Thus, breast and thigh meat from OBH could be used for pressed ham with favorable WHC, tenderness, and overall acceptability.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Chickens; Cooking; Female; Meat; Pectoralis Muscles; Thigh
PubMed: 32241508
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.076 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Thigh; Exanthema; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 37914202
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.90a.23028