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Biomolecules Apr 2022Ever since the discovery of endogenous HS and the identification of its cytoprotective properties, efforts have been made to develop strategies to use HS as a... (Review)
Review
Ever since the discovery of endogenous HS and the identification of its cytoprotective properties, efforts have been made to develop strategies to use HS as a therapeutic agent. The ability of HS to regulate vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis might be particularly useful in the therapeutic management of critical illness. However, neither the inhalation of gaseous HS, nor the administration of inorganic HS-releasing salts or slow-releasing HS-donors are feasible for clinical use. NaSO is a clinically approved compound with a good safety profile and is able to release HS, in particular under hypoxic conditions. Pre-clinical studies show promise for NaSO in the acute management of critical illness. A current clinical trial is investigating the therapeutic potential for NaSO in myocardial infarct. Pre-eclampsia and COVID-19 pneumonia might be relevant targets for future clinical trials.
Topics: Critical Illness; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Thiosulfates; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35454132
DOI: 10.3390/biom12040543 -
Biodegradation Dec 2018Many industrial activities produce HS, which is toxic at high levels and odorous at even very low levels. Chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are often used in...
Many industrial activities produce HS, which is toxic at high levels and odorous at even very low levels. Chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are often used in its remediation. Recently, we have reported that many heterotrophic bacteria can use sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase and persulfide dioxygenase to oxidize HS to thiosulfate and sulfite. These bacteria may also potentially be used in HS biotreatment. Here we report how various heterotrophic bacteria with these enzymes were cultured with organic compounds and the cells were able to rapidly oxidize HS to zero-valence sulfur and thiosulfate, causing no apparent acidification. Some also converted the produced thiosulfate to tetrathionate. The rates of sulfide oxidation by some of the tested bacteria in suspension, ranging from 8 to 50 µmol min g of cell dry weight at pH 7.4, sufficient for HS biotreatment. The immobilized bacteria removed HS as efficiently as the bacteria in suspension, and the inclusion of FeO nanoparticles during immobilization resulted in increased efficiency for sulfide removal, in part due to chemical oxidation HS by FeO. Thus, heterotrophic bacteria may be used for HS biotreatment under aerobic conditions.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cells, Immobilized; Heterotrophic Processes; Hydrogen Sulfide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Phylogeny; Sulfides; Tetrathionic Acid; Thiosulfates
PubMed: 30141069
DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9849-6 -
Nature Communications Apr 2023Thiosulfate oxidation by microbes has a major impact on global sulfur cycling. Here, we provide evidence that bacteria within various Roseobacter lineages are important...
Thiosulfate oxidation by microbes has a major impact on global sulfur cycling. Here, we provide evidence that bacteria within various Roseobacter lineages are important for thiosulfate oxidation in marine biofilms. We isolate and sequence the genomes of 54 biofilm-associated Roseobacter strains, finding conserved sox gene clusters for thiosulfate oxidation and plasmids, pointing to a niche-specific lifestyle. Analysis of global ocean metagenomic data suggests that Roseobacter strains are abundant in biofilms and mats on various substrates, including stones, artificial surfaces, plant roots, and hydrothermal vent chimneys. Metatranscriptomic analysis indicates that the majority of active sox genes in biofilms belong to Roseobacter strains. Furthermore, we show that Roseobacter strains can grow and oxidize thiosulfate to sulfate under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Transcriptomic and membrane proteomic analyses of biofilms formed by a representative strain indicate that thiosulfate induces sox gene expression and alterations in cell membrane protein composition, and promotes biofilm formation and anaerobic respiration. We propose that bacteria of the Roseobacter group are major thiosulfate-oxidizers in marine biofilms, where anaerobic thiosulfate metabolism is preferred.
Topics: Thiosulfates; Roseobacter; Anaerobiosis; Proteomics; Biofilms
PubMed: 37041201
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37759-4 -
Kidney International Dec 2010Vascular calcification is common in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and is associated with poorer outcomes. Although the pathophysiology is not completely... (Review)
Review
Vascular calcification is common in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and is associated with poorer outcomes. Although the pathophysiology is not completely understood, it is clear that it is a multifactorial process involving altered mineral metabolism, as well as changes in systemic and local factors that can promote or inhibit vascular calcification, and all of these are potential therapeutic targets. Current therapy is closely linked to strategies for preventing disordered bone and mineral metabolism in advanced kidney disease and involves lowering the circulating levels of both phosphate and calcium. The efficacy of compounds that specifically target calcification, such as bisphosphonates and thiosulfate, has been shown in animals but only in small numbers of humans, and safety remains an issue. Additional therapies, such as pyrophosphate, vitamin K, and lowering of pH, are supported by animal studies, but are yet to be investigated clinically. As the mineral composition of vascular calcifications is the same as in bone, potential effects on bone must be addressed with any therapy for vascular calcification.
Topics: Animals; Calcinosis; Diphosphonates; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Thiosulfates; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 20861819
DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.334 -
Molecular Systems Biology Apr 2017There is a groundswell of interest in using genetically engineered sensor bacteria to study gut microbiota pathways, and diagnose or treat associated diseases. Here, we...
There is a groundswell of interest in using genetically engineered sensor bacteria to study gut microbiota pathways, and diagnose or treat associated diseases. Here, we computationally identify the first biological thiosulfate sensor and an improved tetrathionate sensor, both two-component systems from marine species, and validate them in laboratory Then, we port these sensors into a gut-adapted probiotic strain, and develop a method based upon oral gavage and flow cytometry of colon and fecal samples to demonstrate that colon inflammation (colitis) activates the thiosulfate sensor in mice harboring native gut microbiota. Our thiosulfate sensor may have applications in bacterial diagnostics or therapeutics. Finally, our approach can be replicated for a wide range of bacterial sensors and should thus enable a new class of minimally invasive studies of gut microbiota pathways.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Biosensing Techniques; Colitis; Colon; Disease Models, Animal; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Shewanella; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Systems Biology; Tetrathionic Acid; Thiosulfates
PubMed: 28373240
DOI: 10.15252/msb.20167416 -
MSystems Feb 2023The disproportionation of inorganic sulfur compounds could be widespread in natural habitats, and microorganisms could produce energy to support primary productivity...
The disproportionation of inorganic sulfur compounds could be widespread in natural habitats, and microorganisms could produce energy to support primary productivity through this catabolism. However, the microorganisms that carry this process out and the catabolic pathways at work remain relatively unstudied. Here, we investigated the bacterial diversity involved in sulfur disproportionation in hydrothermal plumes from Carlsberg Ridge in the northwestern Indian Ocean by enrichment cultures. A bacterial community analysis revealed that bacteria of the genera and , belonging to the phylum and previously having been characterized as chemolithoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers, were the most dominant members in six enrichment cultures. Subsequent bacterial isolation and physiological studies confirmed that five and isolates could disproportionate thiosulfate and elemental sulfur. The ability to disproportionate sulfur was also demonstrated in several strains of and that were isolated from hydrothermal vents or other natural environments. Dialysis membrane experiments showed that S disproportionation did not require the direct contact of cells with bulk sulfur. A comparative genomic analysis showed that strains did not contain some genes of the Dsr and rDSR pathways (, , , , and ) that are involved in sulfur disproportionation in some other taxa, suggesting the existence of an unrevealed catabolic pathway for sulfur disproportionation. These findings provide evidence for the catabolic versatility of these genera, which are widely distributed in chemosynthetic environments, and expand our knowledge of the microbial taxa involved in this reaction of the biogeochemical sulfur cycle in hydrothermal vent environments. The phylum , notably represented by the genera and , is ubiquitous and predominant in deep-sea hydrothermal systems. It is well-known to be the major chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing group in these habitats. Herein, we show that the mesophilic predominant chemolithoautotrophs of the genera and could grow via sulfur disproportionation to gain energy. This is the first report of the chemolithoautotrophic disproportionation of thiosulfate and elemental sulfur within the genera and , and this comes in addition to their already known role in the chemolithoautotrophic oxidation of sulfur compounds. Sulfur disproportionation via chemolithoautotrophic may represent a previously unrecognized primary production process in hydrothermal vent ecosystems.
Topics: Sulfur Compounds; Thiosulfates; Ecosystem; Seawater; Phylogeny; Renal Dialysis; Sulfur; Bacteria
PubMed: 36541763
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00954-22 -
Kidney International Dec 2008A variety of potential therapies for vascular calcification, based either on the underlying biology or physical chemistry or solely on empiric observations in patients,... (Review)
Review
A variety of potential therapies for vascular calcification, based either on the underlying biology or physical chemistry or solely on empiric observations in patients, may be effective but lack rigorous testing. Pasch et al. provide convincing evidence that sodium thiosulfate prevents medial vascular calcification in uremic rats. Although this provides some scientific basis for the clinical use of thiosulfate, uncertainty about mechanism of action and safety still remains.
Topics: Animals; Calcinosis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Renal Circulation; Thiosulfates; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 19008909
DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.502 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021In the immunology of sepsis microcirculatory and mitochondrial dysfunction in the gastrointestinal system are important contributors to mortality. Hydrogen sulfide (HS)...
INTRODUCTION
In the immunology of sepsis microcirculatory and mitochondrial dysfunction in the gastrointestinal system are important contributors to mortality. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) optimizes gastrointestinal oxygen supply and mitochondrial respiration predominantly K(ATP)-channels. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that sodium thiosulfate (STS), an inducer of endogenous HS, improves intestinal and hepatic microcirculation and mitochondrial function K(ATP)-channels in sepsis.
METHODS
In 40 male Wistar rats colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) surgery was performed to establish sepsis. Animals were randomized into 4 groups (1: STS 1 g • kg i.p., 2: glibenclamide (GL) 5 mg • kg i.p., 3: STS + GL, 4: vehicle (VE) i.p.). Treatment was given directly after CASP-surgery and 24 hours later. Microcirculatory oxygenation (µHBO) and flow (µflow) of the colon and the liver were continuously recorded over 90 min using tissue reflectance spectrophotometry. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption in tissue homogenates was determined with respirometry. Statistic: two-way ANOVA + Dunnett´s and Tukey post - hoc test (microcirculation) and Kruskal-Wallis test + Dunn's multiple comparison test (mitochondria). p < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
STS increased µHbO (colon: 90 min: + 10.4 ± 18.3%; liver: 90 min: + 5.8 ± 9.1%; p < 0.05 vs. baseline). Furthermore, STS ameliorated µflow (colon: 60 min: + 51.9 ± 71.1 aU; liver: 90 min: + 22.5 ± 20.0 aU; p < 0.05 vs. baseline). In both organs, µHbO and µflow were significantly higher after STS compared to VE. The combination of STS and GL increased colonic µHbO and µflow (µHbO 90 min: + 8.7 ± 11.5%; µflow: 90 min: + 41.8 ± 63.3 aU; p < 0.05 vs. baseline), with significantly higher values compared to VE. Liver µHbO and µflow did not change after STS and GL. GL alone did not change colonic or hepatic µHbO or µflow. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption and macrohemodynamic remained unaltered.
CONCLUSION
The beneficial effect of STS on intestinal and hepatic microcirculatory oxygenation in sepsis seems to be mediated by an increased microcirculatory perfusion and not by mitochondrial respiratory or macrohemodynamic changes. Furthermore, the effect of STS on hepatic but not on intestinal microcirculation seems to be K(ATP)-channel-dependent.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Colon; Disease Models, Animal; Liver; Male; Microcirculation; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sepsis; Thiosulfates
PubMed: 34163476
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671935 -
Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation :... Feb 2012Thiosulfate has been shown to inhibit vascular calcification in uremic rats and may inhibit calcification in humans with end-stage renal disease but whether this is due...
BACKGROUND
Thiosulfate has been shown to inhibit vascular calcification in uremic rats and may inhibit calcification in humans with end-stage renal disease but whether this is due to a systemic or local action is unknown. The underlying mechanism is also unclear but complexation of calcium ions has been proposed.
METHODS
In vitro assays were used to determine the effect of thiosulfate on vascular calcification and hydroxyapatite formation.
RESULTS
Thiosulfate (EC50: 1-2 mM) prevented calcification of injured or devitalized aortas but not uninjured aortas, and similar results were obtained with sulfate. There was no effect on reversal of calcification. Measurements with an ion-sensitive electrode (corrected for changes in ionic strength) revealed a very weak interaction between thiosulfate and Ca(2+) (K(a) = 10.9 ± 1.0 × 10(-6) M(-1)) that resulted in a 4% decrease in ionized Ca(2+) in culture medium at 5 mM thiosulfate and a corresponding 5% increase in the solubility product for calcium-phosphate. Adjustment of the total Ca(2+) concentration to account for this did not prevent the inhibition of aortic calcification by thiosulfate. Thiosulfate did not inhibit hydroxyapatite formation from seed crystals or the calcification of purified elastin and did not alter medium pH.
CONCLUSIONS
Thiosulfate inhibits vascular calcification at millimolar concentrations through a direct extracellular effect that does not require intact smooth muscle cells but is related to cellular injury. This effect is not specific for thiosulfate since sulfate has similar properties. Inhibition cannot be explained by effects on ionized calcium, calcium-phosphate solubility, pH, oxidative stress or hydroxyapatite formation.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Culture Media, Conditioned; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Durapatite; Male; Models, Animal; Phosphates; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thiosulfates; Tissue Culture Techniques; Vascular Calcification; Vascular System Injuries
PubMed: 21737516
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr375 -
Magyar Onkologia Mar 2011Paravasation of cytostatic drugs during peripheral intravenous administration is a well known complication. In the United States of America it occurs in seven percent of... (Review)
Review
Paravasation of cytostatic drugs during peripheral intravenous administration is a well known complication. In the United States of America it occurs in seven percent of cases with different severity and consequences. Although methods to completely avoid this complication are still unavailable, we are able to decrease the risks by identifying the patient- and procedure-related factors. The educated patient is a good indicator of paravasation in case he or she can cooperate and call the nurse. When the patient is unable to cooperate, the risks of extravasation is higher and closer nursing surveillance is indicated. The extent of injury depends mainly on the chemical structure of the extravasant substance (vesicant, irritant or non-vesicant) which may be modified by other factors. There is no strong evidence-based guidance for the management of complication. Abrupt cessation of the infusion and drawing back on the inserted venous catheter as well as elevating and resting the affected limb are necessary measures. In the available literature cooling or warming of the affected area is controversial. Similarly there are still open questions regarding the value of using antidotes as dexrazoxane, dimethylsulfoxide, thiosulfate and hyaluronidase (which is not registered as medicament in Hungary). In the event of extravasation early multidisciplinary dermatological and surgical assessment is essential for definitive diagnosis and setting the optimal management.
Topics: Antidotes; Antineoplastic Agents; Catheters, Indwelling; Cryotherapy; Cytostatic Agents; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Humans; Hungary; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Infusions, Intravenous; Interdisciplinary Communication; Irritants; Razoxane; Risk Factors; Skin; Thiosulfates; United States
PubMed: 21617786
DOI: No ID Found