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Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul,... Jun 2021Graves' disease is associated with thyrotropin (TSH) receptor stimulating antibody, for which there is no therapeutic agent. This disease is currently treated through...
Graves' disease is associated with thyrotropin (TSH) receptor stimulating antibody, for which there is no therapeutic agent. This disease is currently treated through inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis or destruction of the thyroid gland. Recurrence after antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment is common. Recent studies have shown that the longer is the duration of use of ATD, the higher is the remission rate. Considering the relationship between clinical outcomes and iodine intake, recurrence of Graves' disease is more common in iodine-deficient areas than in iodine-sufficient areas. Iodine restriction in an iodine-excessive area does not improve the effectiveness of ATD or increase remission rates. Recently, Danish and Korean nationwide studies noted significantly higher prevalence of birth defects in newborns exposed to ATD during the first trimester compared to that of those who did not have such exposure. The prevalence of birth defects was lowest when propylthiouracil (PTU) was used and decreased by only 0.15% when methimazole was changed to PTU in the first trimester. Therefore, it is best not to use ATD in the first trimester or to change to PTU before pregnancy.
Topics: Antithyroid Agents; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methimazole; Pregnancy; Propylthiouracil; Thyrotropin
PubMed: 34130446
DOI: 10.3803/EnM.2021.1070 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Two analytical methods based on miniaturized electrochemical sensors, voltammetric and amperometric sensors, have been developed for the determination of...
Two analytical methods based on miniaturized electrochemical sensors, voltammetric and amperometric sensors, have been developed for the determination of 6-methyl-2-thiouracil (MTU) in meat consumption samples (beef liver and foie). A multivariate approach has been considered to optimize the experimental procedure including extraction and electrochemical detection. Under optimal conditions and at a typical working potential of 1.55 V (vs Ag pseudo-reference electrode), response is linear in the range 0 to 20 µg L−1 MTU concentration range. The empirical limit of detection is 0.13 µg L−1, lower than the maximum concentration established by legislation. The electrochemical methods have been used to analyze MTU-spiked meat samples, and recovery values varying between 85 and 95% with coefficients of variation <30%. The analytical methods developed with the miniaturized electrochemical sensors can successfully determine the concentration of MTU in real meat samples with high accuracy, being the results obtained similar to those provided by other methods such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Finally, the degree of sustainability of the electrochemical sensors-based developed method has been quantified by means of the Analytical Eco-Scale.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Methylthiouracil; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Meat
PubMed: 36433439
DOI: 10.3390/s22228842 -
International Dental Journal Dec 2022Bitter taste perception and sweetness preference have been associated with dental caries. Propylthiouracil (PROP) has been used to determine the genetic sensitivity to...
BACKGROUND
Bitter taste perception and sweetness preference have been associated with dental caries. Propylthiouracil (PROP) has been used to determine the genetic sensitivity to bitter taste in early childhood caries. However, the role of the bitter threshold in dental biofilm cariogenicity has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of individual taste sensitivity using PROP in dental biofilm cariogenicity in orthodontic patients.
METHODS
Forty orthodontic patients (12-42 years old) undergoing fixed appliance orthodontic treatment participated in this cross-sectional study. Their demographic, oral hygiene practice, and dietary habits data were obtained using a questionnaire. The patients' bitter taste threshold was measured using a PROP assay. The patients were subsequently classified as super-tasters (STs), medium-tasters (MTs), and non-tasters (NTs). Dental biofilm cariogenicity was determined using a 3-tone disclosing gel that becomes pink (new dental biofilm), purple (mature dental biofilm), and light blue (cariogenic dental biofilm) based on dental biofilm maturity.
RESULTS
The NT, MT, and ST groups comprised 10%, 27.5%, and 62.5% of the patients, respectively. Most of the STs (56%) and MTs (63.6%) were female, whereas no females were NTs. The dental biofilm cariogenicity was significantly different between the PROP bitterness groups (P < .05). The highest percentage of mature biofilm, followed by cariogenic and new biofilm, was found in the MT and ST groups. However, the cariogenic biofilm percentage was significantly higher compared with mature biofilm (P < .05) in the NT group. A low frequency (<1 time/d) of sugary and acidic food intake between meals was observed in the ST, MT, and NT groups with no significant difference amongst the groups (P > .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Cariogenic dental biofilm was highly present in orthodontic patients with the NT phenotype.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Taste Perception; Dental Caries; Cross-Sectional Studies; Taste; Propylthiouracil; Biofilms; Food Preferences
PubMed: 35961845
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.07.003 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Mar 1950
Topics: Agranulocytosis; Thiouracil; Thiourea
PubMed: 15405947
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Oct 2023Optimal thyroid status in pregnancy is essential in reducing the risk of adverse outcomes. The management of hyperthyroidism in women of reproductive age poses unique...
CONTEXT
Optimal thyroid status in pregnancy is essential in reducing the risk of adverse outcomes. The management of hyperthyroidism in women of reproductive age poses unique challenges and it is unclear how preconception treatment strategies impact on thyroid status in subsequent pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to determine trends in the management of hyperthyroidism before and during pregnancy and to assess the impact of different preconception treatment strategies on maternal thyroid status.
METHODS
We utilized the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database to evaluate all females aged 15-45 years with a clinical diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and a subsequent pregnancy (January 2000 to December 2017). We compared thyroid status in pregnancy according to preconception treatment, namely, (1) antithyroid drugs up to or beyond pregnancy onset, (2) definitive treatment with thyroidectomy or radioiodine before pregnancy, and (3) no treatment at pregnancy onset.
RESULTS
Our study cohort comprised 4712 pregnancies. Thyrotropin (TSH) was measured in only 53.1% of pregnancies, of which 28.1% showed suboptimal thyroid status (TSH >4.0 mU/L or TSH <0.1 mU/L plus FT4 >reference range). Pregnancies with prior definitive treatment were more likely to have suboptimal thyroid status compared with pregnancies starting during antithyroid drug treatment (odds ratio 4.72, 95% CI 3.50-6.36). A steady decline in the use of definitive treatment before pregnancy was observed from 2000 to 2017. One-third (32.6%) of first trimester carbimazole-exposed pregnancies were switched to propylthiouracil while 6.0% of propylthiouracil-exposed pregnancies switched to carbimazole.
CONCLUSION
The management of women with hyperthyroidism who become pregnant is suboptimal, particularly in those with preconception definitive treatment, and needs urgent improvement. Better thyroid monitoring and prenatal counseling are needed to optimize thyroid status, reduce teratogenic drug exposure, and ultimately reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Thyroxine; Propylthiouracil; Carbimazole; Iodine Radioisotopes; Cohort Studies; Hyperthyroidism; Thyrotropin; Antithyroid Agents; Thyroid Function Tests
PubMed: 37200150
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad276 -
Methods (San Diego, Calif.) Feb 2019Many open questions in RNA biology relate to the kinetics of gene expression and the impact of RNA binding regulatory factors on processing or decay rates of particular... (Review)
Review
Many open questions in RNA biology relate to the kinetics of gene expression and the impact of RNA binding regulatory factors on processing or decay rates of particular transcripts. Steady state measurements of RNA abundance obtained from RNA-seq approaches are not able to separate the effects of transcription from those of RNA decay in the overall abundance of any given transcript, instead only giving information on the (presumed steady-state) abundances of transcripts. Through the combination of metabolic labeling and high-throughput sequencing, several groups have been able to measure both transcription rates and decay rates of the entire transcriptome of an organism in a single experiment. This review focuses on the methodology used to specifically measure RNA decay at a global level. By comparing and contrasting approaches and describing the experimental protocols in a modular manner, we intend to provide both experienced and new researchers to the field the ability to combine aspects of various protocols to fit the unique needs of biological questions not addressed by current methods.
Topics: Animals; Biotin; Bromouracil; Cell Line; Click Chemistry; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; RNA Stability; RNA, Messenger; Staining and Labeling; Thiouracil; Thiouridine; Transcriptome; Uracil; Uridine
PubMed: 30529548
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.12.001 -
Methods (San Diego, Calif.) Apr 2017RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key players in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. To be able to unbiasedly identify RBPs in...
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key players in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. To be able to unbiasedly identify RBPs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we developed a yeast RNA interactome capture protocol which employs RNA labeling, covalent UV crosslinking of RNA and proteins at 365nm wavelength (photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking, PAR-CL) and finally purification of the protein-bound mRNA. The method can be easily implemented in common workflows and takes about 3days to complete. Next to a comprehensive explanation of the method, we focus on our findings about the choice of crosslinking in yeast and discuss the rationale of individual steps in the protocol.
Topics: Antibodies; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Gene Library; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Immunoprecipitation; Mass Spectrometry; Photochemical Processes; Protein Binding; RNA, Messenger; RNA-Binding Proteins; Ribonucleases; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Staining and Labeling; Sulfur Radioisotopes; Thiouracil; Transcriptome; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 27993706
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.12.008 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Jul 2010
Topics: Antithyroid Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Humans; Methimazole; Propylthiouracil
PubMed: 20610609
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-1141 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Oct 1987
Topics: Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Propylthiouracil
PubMed: 3651938
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022A number of uracil amides cleave poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and therefore novel thiouracil amide compounds were synthesized and screened for the loss of cell viability...
Development of 1-(4-(Substituted)piperazin-1-yl)-2-((2-((4-methoxybenzyl)thio)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)ethanones That Target Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Human Breast Cancer Cells.
A number of uracil amides cleave poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and therefore novel thiouracil amide compounds were synthesized and screened for the loss of cell viability in a human-estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer cell line. The synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to significant efficacy against human breast cancer cells, where the compound IC value was found to be 18 μM. Thouracil amide compounds and inhibited the catalytical activity of PARP1, enhanced cleavage of PARP1, enhanced phosphorylation of H2AX, and increased CASPASE 3/7 activity. Finally, in silico analysis demonstrated that compound interacted with PARP1. Hence, specific thiouracil amides may serve as new drug-seeds for the development of PARP inhibitors for use in oncology.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Amides; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Female; Humans; Piperazine; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Ribose; Thiouracil
PubMed: 35566199
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092848