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Veterinary Medicine and Science Sep 2022Computed tomography currently has a prominent role in diagnosis and evaluation of vertebral column. On the other hand, a thorough knowledge about vertebral column...
BACKGROUND
Computed tomography currently has a prominent role in diagnosis and evaluation of vertebral column. On the other hand, a thorough knowledge about vertebral column property in normal state is prerequisite an accurate diagnosis of different abnormalities in this region.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to present a complete and exact descriptive and morphometric evaluation of thoracic vertebrae in rabbits with computed tomography. In images which were constructed by CT, several structures and different parts of the thoracic vertebrae have been named.
METHODS
Ten healthy, mature, White New Zealand rabbits were evaluated. The morphologic and morphometric parameters of the thoracic vertebrae were studied. In this study, several parameters of thoracic vertebrae, such as vertebral body height, spinous process height, transverse process length, transverse process width, etc., were measured by computed tomography.
RESULTS
Some parameters, such as spinal canal height, spinal canal width, pedicle length, pedicle width, end plate width, and endplate height, had no significant difference through thoracic vertebrae but other parameters, such as vertebral body height, transverse process length, transverse process width, spinous process angle, transverse process angle, and vertebral body length, had a significant difference.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, a comprehensive anatomic atlas of CT anatomy of the thoracic vertebrae was produced for use by veterinary radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons. Finally, we must mention these two important points: (1) Many of the differences observed between rabbits and humans are based on the way the trunks of these two creatures are located on the ground and the differences in the way their bodies move. (2) In studies that are done by modelling humans on animals, it should be noted that the terms used in animal anatomy are different and the names are used using the principles of veterinary anatomy.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Rabbits; Thoracic Vertebrae; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35763843
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.847 -
Zeitschrift Fur Orthopadie Und... Aug 2021The majority of traumatic vertebral fractures occur at the thoracolumbar junction and the lumbar spine and less commonly at the mid-thoracic and upper thoracic spine. In... (Review)
Review
The majority of traumatic vertebral fractures occur at the thoracolumbar junction and the lumbar spine and less commonly at the mid-thoracic and upper thoracic spine. In accordance, a high number of articles are dealing with thoracolumbar fractures focusing on the thoracolumbar junction. Nonetheless, the biomechanics of the thoracic spine differ from the thoracolumbar junction and the lumbar vertebral spine. The aim of this review is to screen the literature dealing with acute traumatic thoracic vertebral fractures in patients with normal bone quality. Thereby, the diagnostic of thoracic vertebral body fractures should include a CT examination. Ideally, the CT should include the whole thoracic cage particularly in patients suffering high energy accidents or in those with clinical suspicion of concomitant thoracic injuries. Generally, concomitant thoracic injuries are frequently seen in patients with thoracic spine fractures. Particularly sternal fractures cause an increase in fracture instability. In case of doubt, long segment stabilization is recommended in patients with unstable mid- und upper thoracic fractures, particularly in those patients with a high grade of instability.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Spinal Fractures; Thoracic Vertebrae
PubMed: 32392598
DOI: 10.1055/a-1144-3846 -
Anesthesiology Sep 2018
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Incidental Findings; Lumbar Vertebrae; Thoracic Vertebrae
PubMed: 29762183
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002258 -
The Orthopedic Clinics of North America Oct 2021Thoracolumbar spine trauma can result in potentially life-threatening consequences and requires careful management to ensure good outcomes. The purpose of this chapter... (Review)
Review
Thoracolumbar spine trauma can result in potentially life-threatening consequences and requires careful management to ensure good outcomes. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the anatomy, diagnostic tools, non-operative, and operative treatments important when addressing thoracolumbar trauma.
Topics: Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Osteoporotic Fractures; Spinal Fractures; Spinal Injuries; Thoracic Vertebrae; Trauma Severity Indices; Trauma, Nervous System
PubMed: 34538355
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2021.05.014 -
Medical Ultrasonography Sep 2010Thoracic paravertebral blockade is a simple and easy-to-learn technique with a low incidence of complications. It should be considered as a safe alternative to thoracic... (Review)
Review
Thoracic paravertebral blockade is a simple and easy-to-learn technique with a low incidence of complications. It should be considered as a safe alternative to thoracic epidural analgesia/anaesthesia. We reviewed the techniques of thoracic paravertebral blockade with special interest to ultrasound guidance.
Topics: Humans; Nerve Block; Thoracic Vertebrae; Thorax; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 21203600
DOI: No ID Found -
Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi =... May 2021To describe gender-related differences in the length of the left chord and pedicle at the level of 12th thoracic vertebrae and appropriate length of the screw to be...
BACKGROUND
To describe gender-related differences in the length of the left chord and pedicle at the level of 12th thoracic vertebrae and appropriate length of the screw to be applied so as to decrease the perforation risk of anterior cortex of the corpus and preventable injury of major vascular vessels.
METHODS
Axial bone window computed tomography images of T12 vertebral pedicles of 60 patients (30 males and 30 females, age >25 years) without any sign of spinal trauma were obtained and morphometric data were analyzed.
RESULTS
Mean ages of the female (n=30) and male (n=30) patients were 32.17±4.24 and 31.70±3.60 years, respectively. The left chord lengths of T12 of the male (38.17±2.54 mm) and female (36.62±2.27 mm) patients were compared and a statistically significant difference was found between these two measurements (p=0.016). A statistically significant difference between the length of the left chord (37.40±2.51) (range, 32-44 mm) and age (31.93±3.91) (range, 25-40 years) and also a moderate degree of correlation were observed (p=0.002), (r=0.401). A statistically significant difference and a moderate degree of correlation were found between the lengths of the left chords (37.40±2.51; range, 32-44 mm) and the left pedicles (12.12±1.34; range, 10.0-15.80 mm) (p=0.001), (r=0.577).
CONCLUSION
Significant differences and correlations exist between the left pedicle and the left chord in male and female patients and patients with different ages. The data obtained can be used as a guide to determine the implant size and intraoperative management of T12 vertebral pedicle.
Topics: Adult; Aorta, Thoracic; Female; Humans; Male; Sex Characteristics; Thoracic Vertebrae; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33884593
DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2020.16794 -
The Bone & Joint Journal Apr 2020Significant correction of an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the coronal plane through a posterior approach is associated with hypokyphosis. Factors such as the...
AIMS
Significant correction of an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the coronal plane through a posterior approach is associated with hypokyphosis. Factors such as the magnitude of the preoperative coronal curve, the use of hooks, number of levels fused, preoperative kyphosis, screw density, and rod type have all been implicated. Maintaining the normal thoracic kyphosis is important as hypokyphosis is associated with proximal junctional failure (PJF) and early onset degeneration of the spine. The aim of this study was to determine if coronal correction per se was the most relevant factor in generating hypokyphosis.
METHODS
A total of 95 patients (87% female) with a median age of 14 years were included in our study. Pre- and postoperative radiographs were measured and the operative data including upper instrumented vertebra (UIV), lower instrumented vertebra (LIV), metal density, and thoracic flexibility noted. Further analysis of the post-surgical coronal outcome (group 1 < 60% correction and group 2 ≥ 60%) were studied for their association with the postoperative kyphosis in the sagittal plane using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
Of the 95 patients, 71.6% (68) had a thoracic correction of > 60%. Most (97.8%) had metal density < 80%, while thoracic flexibility > 50% was found in 30.5% (29). Preoperative hypokyphosis (< 20°) was present in 25.3%. A postoperative thoracic hypokyphosis was four times more likely to occur in patients with thoracic correction ≥ 60% (odds ratio (OR) 4.08; p = 0.005), after adjusting for confounding variables. This association was not affected by metal density, thoracic flexibility, LIV, UIV, age, or sex.
CONCLUSION
Our study supports the 'essential lordosis' hypothesis of Roaf and Dickson, i.e. with a greater ability to translate the apical vertebra towards the midline, there is a commensurate lengthening of the anterior column due to the vertebral wedging. Cite this article: 2020;102-B(4):513-518.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Pedicle Screws; Postoperative Complications; Radiography; Range of Motion, Articular; Retrospective Studies; Scoliosis; Spinal Curvatures; Thoracic Vertebrae; Young Adult
PubMed: 32228067
DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.102B4.BJJ-2019-1069.R1 -
Clinical Spine Surgery May 2018Thoracolumbar burst fractures are high-energy vertebral injuries, which commonly can be treated nonoperatively. Consideration of the injury pattern, extent of... (Review)
Review
Thoracolumbar burst fractures are high-energy vertebral injuries, which commonly can be treated nonoperatively. Consideration of the injury pattern, extent of comminution, neurological status, and integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex may help determine whether operative management is appropriate. Several classification systems are contingent upon these factors to assist with clinical decision-making. A multitude of operative procedures have been shown to have good radiographic and clinical outcomes with extended follow-up, and treatment choice should be based on the individual's clinical and radiographic presentation.
Topics: Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Spinal Fractures; Thoracic Vertebrae
PubMed: 29578877
DOI: 10.1097/BSD.0000000000000634 -
World Neurosurgery Oct 2022Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a rare condition that can lead to progressive spinal cord compression. Currently, surgical decompression... (Review)
Review
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a rare condition that can lead to progressive spinal cord compression. Currently, surgical decompression remains the optimal treatment in symptomatic patients. In cases with significant thoracic stenosis and concern for ventral erosion of the dura, an anterior approach may be necessary for direct decompression. In Video 1, we demonstrate the successful application of a multidisciplinary approach for surgical resection of a large OPLL lesion located at the T2-3 disk space. A 37-year-old female with medical history significant for rickets presented a year after a fall with bilateral lower extremity paraparesis and saddle anesthesia. Exposure consisted of a manubrial window, followed by thoracic diskectomy and fusion with drilling of the calcified posterior longitudinal ligament. Major steps within this video include 1) a summary of the patient presentation and preoperative imaging, 2) exposure of thoracic vertebrae via a manubrial window approach, 3) thoracic diskectomy and fusion with take-down of calcified posterior longitudinal ligament, and 4) a review of the postoperative imaging. The patient tolerated the procedure well with immediate relief of symptoms and was subsequently discharged on postoperative day 1 with no complications. This operative video illustrates the technical steps and capabilities of an anterior approach, achieving near-complete gross total resection of an OPLL lesion using a multidisciplinary approach. The patient consented to this procedure.
Topics: Adult; Decompression, Surgical; Diskectomy; Female; Humans; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament; Spinal Fusion; Thoracic Vertebrae; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35872134
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.052 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Sep 2022The notarium is a rigid bony structure, which resulted from the fusion of thoracic vertebrae of some pterosaurs and birds. It is high variable, ranging from two to six... (Review)
Review
The notarium is a rigid bony structure, which resulted from the fusion of thoracic vertebrae of some pterosaurs and birds. It is high variable, ranging from two to six fused thoracic vertebrae. In this study, we reviewed and analyzed approximately 270 specimens of neornithine birds (representing 80% of the living orders) and some fossils in order to identify the number of fused vertebrae, degree and sites of vertebral fusion, occurrence of sutures, and other structures of potential phylogenetic and functional significance. These data were analyzed using a recent time-calibrated molecular phylogenetic tree and principal component analyses analysis evaluating the relationship with long bones in order to reconstruct macroevolutionary trends related to the evolution of the notarium. The occurrence of this structure shows a mosaic distribution over neornithine phylogeny, originating several times independently, especially during the Paleogene, in predominantly ground-dwelling forms. The notarium of these groups is characterized by: neural spines fused into single structure, intervertebral openings small to absent, large ventral keels forming ventral plates, and fused transverse processes. Derived neornithines, such as aquatic forms and long-legged birds, have a tendency to display a decreased degree of fusion between the vertebrae, which may indicate a reduction or disappearance of the notarium.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Birds; Fossils; Phylogeny; Thoracic Vertebrae
PubMed: 34910372
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24852