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International Journal of Environmental... May 2022Titanium dioxide, first manufactured a century ago, is significant in industry due to its chemical inertness, low cost, and availability. The white mineral has a wide... (Review)
Review
Titanium dioxide, first manufactured a century ago, is significant in industry due to its chemical inertness, low cost, and availability. The white mineral has a wide range of applications in photocatalysis, in the pharmaceutical industry, and in food processing sectors. Its practical uses stem from its dual feature to act as both a semiconductor and light scatterer. Optical performance is therefore of relevance in understanding how titanium dioxide impacts these industries. Recent breakthroughs are summarised herein, focusing on whether restructuring the surface properties of titanium dioxide either enhances or inhibits its reactivity, depending on the required application. Its recent exposure as a potential carcinogen to humans has been linked to controversies around titanium dioxide's toxicity; this is discussed by illustrating discrepancies between experimental protocols of toxicity assays and their results. In all, it is important to review the latest achievements in fast-growing industries where titanium dioxide prevails, while keeping in mind insights into its disputed toxicity.
Topics: Humans; Titanium
PubMed: 35565075
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095681 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Sep 2023Recent considerable technological advances in ultrasound-based treatment modality provides a magnificent prospect for scientific communities to conquer the related... (Review)
Review
Recent considerable technological advances in ultrasound-based treatment modality provides a magnificent prospect for scientific communities to conquer the related diseases, which is featured with remarkable tissue penetration, non-invasive and non-thermal characteristics. As one of the critical elements that influences treatment outcomes, titanium (Ti)-based sonosensitizers with distinct physicochemical properties and exceptional sonodynamic efficiency have been applied extensively in the field of nanomedical applications. To date, a myriad of methodologies has been designed to manipulate the sonodynamic performance of titanium-involved nanomedicine and further enhance the productivity of reactive oxygen species for disease treatments. In this comprehensive review, the sonocatalytic optimization of diversified Ti-based nanoplatforms, including defect engineering, plasmon resonance modulation, heterojunction, modulating tumor microenvironment, as well as the development of synergistic therapeutic modalities is mainly focused. The state-of-the-art Ti-based nanoplatforms ranging from preparation process to the extensive medical applications are summarized and highlighted, with the goal of elaborating on future research prospects and providing a perspective on the bench-to-beside translation of these sonocatalytic optimization tactics. Furthermore, to spur further technological advancements in nanomedicine, the difficulties currently faced and the direction of sonocatalytic optimization of Ti-based therapeutic nanomedicine are proposed and outlooked.
Topics: Nanomedicine; Titanium; Reactive Oxygen Species; Ultrasonic Therapy; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 37395421
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301764 -
Metal Ions in Life Sciences Feb 2018Titanium(IV) coordination complexes represent attractive alternatives to platinumbased anticancer drugs. The advantage of the titanium metal lies in its low toxicity,... (Review)
Review
Titanium(IV) coordination complexes represent attractive alternatives to platinumbased anticancer drugs. The advantage of the titanium metal lies in its low toxicity, and the hydrolysis of titanium(IV) coordination complexes in biological water-based environment to the safe and inert titanium dioxide is an enormous benefit. On the other hand, the rapid hydrolysis of titanium(IV) complexes in biological environment and their rich aquatic chemistry hampered the exploration and the development of effective compounds. Titanium(IV) complexes were the first to enter clinical trials for cancer treatment following the success of platinum-based chemotherapy, with the pioneering compounds titanocene dichloride and budotitane. Despite the high efficacy and low toxicity observed in vivo, the compounds failed the trials due to insufficient efficacy to toxicity ratio and formulation complications. The rapid hydrolysis of the complexes led to formation of multiple undefined aggregates and difficulties in isolating and identifying the particular active species and its precise cellular target. Numerous derivatives with different labile ligands or substitutions on the inert ones contributed to improve the complex anticancer features, and the best ones were comparable with, and occasionally better than cisplatin. Hydrolytic stability was improved in some cases but remained challenging. The following generation of phenolato-based complexes that came three decades later exhibited high activity and markedly improved stability, where no dissociation was observed for weeks in biological solutions. Complexes of no labile ligands whatsoever that remain intact in solution demonstrated in vitro and in vivo efficacy, with no signs of toxicity to the treated animals. Mechanistic insights gained for the different complexes analyzed include, among others, possible interaction with DNA and induction of apoptosis. Such complexes are highly promising for future exploration and clinical development.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Coordination Complexes; DNA Damage; Drug Design; Humans; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Organometallic Compounds; Structure-Activity Relationship; Titanium
PubMed: 29394027
DOI: 10.1515/9783110470734-014 -
Titanium Particles Modulate Lymphocyte and Macrophage Polarization in Peri-Implant Gingival Tissues.International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Titanium dental implants are one of the modalities to replace missing teeth. The release of titanium particles from the implant's surface may modulate the immune cells,...
Titanium dental implants are one of the modalities to replace missing teeth. The release of titanium particles from the implant's surface may modulate the immune cells, resulting in implant failure. However, little is known about the immune microenvironment that plays a role in peri-implant inflammation as a consequence of titanium particles. In this study, the peri-implant gingival tissues were collected from patients with failed implants, successful implants and no implants, and then a whole transcriptome analysis was performed. The gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that macrophage M1/M2 polarization and lymphocyte proliferation were differentially expressed between the study groups. The functional clustering and pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes between the failed implants and successful implants versus no implants revealed that the immune response pathways were the most common in both comparisons, implying the critical role of infiltrating immune cells in the peri-implant tissues. The H&E and IHC staining confirmed the presence of titanium particles and immune cells in the tissue samples, with an increase in the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages in the failed implant samples. The in vitro validation showed a significant increase in the level of IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-18 expression by macrophages. Our findings showed evidence that titanium particles modulate lymphocyte and macrophage polarization in peri-implant gingival tissues, which can help in the understanding of the imbalance in osteoblast-osteoclast activity and failure of dental implant osseointegration.
Topics: Humans; Titanium; Gingiva; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Inflammation; Dental Implants
PubMed: 37511404
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411644 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Oct 2023Owing to their mechanical resilience and non-toxicity, titanium implants are widely applied as the major treatment modality for the clinical intervention against bone... (Review)
Review
Owing to their mechanical resilience and non-toxicity, titanium implants are widely applied as the major treatment modality for the clinical intervention against bone fractures. However, the intrinsic bioinertness of Ti and its alloys often impedes the effective osseointegration of the implants, leading to severe adverse complications including implant loosening, detachment, and secondary bone damage. Consequently, new Ti implant engineering strategies are urgently needed to improve their osseointegration after implantation. Remarkably, metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of novel synthetic material consisting of coordinated metal species and organic ligands, which have demonstrated a plethora of favorable properties for modulating the interfacial properties of Ti implants. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in the development of MOF-coated Ti implants and highlights their potential utility for modulating the bio-implant interface to improve implant osseointegration, of which the discussions are outlined according to their physical traits, chemical composition, and drug delivery capacity. A perspective is also provided in this review regarding the current limitations and future opportunities of MOF-coated Ti implants for orthopedic applications. The insights in this review may facilitate the rational design of more advanced Ti implants with enhanced therapeutic performance and safety.
Topics: Osseointegration; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Titanium; Prostheses and Implants; Bone and Bones
PubMed: 37705110
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303958 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Wear and corrosion are common issues of material degradation and failure in industrial appliances. Wear is a damaging process that can impact surface contacts and, more... (Review)
Review
Wear and corrosion are common issues of material degradation and failure in industrial appliances. Wear is a damaging process that can impact surface contacts and, more specifically, can cause the loss and distortion of material from a surface because of the contacting object's mechanical action via motion. More wear occurs during the process of corrosion, in which oxide particles or debris are released from the contacting material. These types of wear debris and accumulated oxide particles released during corrosion cause a combination of wear-corrosion processes. Bringing together the fields of tribology and corrosion research, tribocorrosion is a field of study which deals with mechanical and electrochemical interactions between bodies in motion. More specifically, it is the study of mechanisms caused by the combined effects of mechanical stress and chemical/electrochemical interactions with the environment. Tribocorrosion testing methods provide new opportunities for studying the electrochemical nature of corrosion combined with mechanical loading to establish a synergistic relationship between corrosion and wear. To improve tribological, mechanical, and anti-corrosion performances, several surface modification techniques are being applied to develop functional coatings with micro/nano features. This review of the literature explores recent and enlightening research into the tribocorrosive properties of micro/nano coatings. It also looks at recent discussions of the most common experimental methods and some newer, promising experimental methods in tribocorrosion to elucidate their applications in the field of micro/nano coatings.
Topics: Corrosion; Motion; Stress, Mechanical; Oxides; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 36560343
DOI: 10.3390/s22249974 -
BioMed Research International 2015This review covers several basic methodologies of surface treatment and their effects on titanium (Ti) implants. The importance of each treatment and its effects will be... (Review)
Review
This review covers several basic methodologies of surface treatment and their effects on titanium (Ti) implants. The importance of each treatment and its effects will be discussed in detail in order to compare their effectiveness in promoting osseointegration. Published literature for the last 18 years was selected with the use of keywords like titanium dental implant, surface roughness, coating, and osseointegration. Significant surface roughness played an important role in providing effective surface for bone implant contact, cell proliferation, and removal torque, despite having good mechanical properties. Overall, published studies indicated that an acid etched surface-modified and a coating application on commercial pure titanium implant was most preferable in producing the good surface roughness. Thus, a combination of a good surface roughness and mechanical properties of titanium could lead to successful dental implants.
Topics: Animals; Dental Implants; Humans; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 26436097
DOI: 10.1155/2015/791725 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022Breakthroughs in the field of nanotechnology, especially in nanochemistry and nanofabrication technologies, have been attracting much attention, and various... (Review)
Review
Breakthroughs in the field of nanotechnology, especially in nanochemistry and nanofabrication technologies, have been attracting much attention, and various nanomaterials have recently been developed for biomedical applications. Among these nanomaterials, nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO) has been widely valued in stomatology due to the fact of its excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and photocatalytic activity as well as its potential use for applications such as dental implant surface modification, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, drug delivery carrier, dental material additives, and oral tumor diagnosis and treatment. However, the biosafety of nano-TiO is controversial and has become a key constraint in the development of nano-TiO applications in stomatology. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent research regarding the applications of nano-TiO in stomatology, with an emphasis on its performance characteristics in different fields, and evaluations of the biological security of nano-TiO applications. In addition, we discuss the challenges, prospects, and future research directions regarding applications of nano-TiO in stomatology that are significant and worthy of further exploration.
Topics: Nanostructures; Nanotechnology; Oral Medicine; Titanium
PubMed: 35745007
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123881 -
Military Medical Research May 2023Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm infections in implant placement surgery is limited by the lack of antimicrobial activity of...
Elimination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms on titanium implants via photothermally-triggered nitric oxide and immunotherapy for enhanced osseointegration.
BACKGROUND
Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm infections in implant placement surgery is limited by the lack of antimicrobial activity of titanium (Ti) implants. There is a need to explore more effective approaches for the treatment of MRSA biofilm infections.
METHODS
Herein, an interfacial functionalization strategy is proposed by the integration of mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA), nitric oxide (NO) release donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) onto Ti implants, denoted as Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP. The physical and chemical properties of Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, water contact angle, photothermal property and NO release behavior. The synergistic antibacterial effect and elimination of the MRSA biofilms were evaluated by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe, 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine assay, adenosine triphosphate intensity, o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside hydrolysis activity, bicinchoninic acid leakage. Fluorescence staining, assays for alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion and extracellular matrix mineralization, quantitative real‑time reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to evaluate the inflammatory response and osteogenic ability in bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs), RAW264.7 cells and their co-culture system. Giemsa staining, ELISA, micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemistry staining were used to evaluate the eradication of MRSA biofilms, inhibition of inflammatory response, and promotion of osseointegration of Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP in vivo.
RESULTS
Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP displayed a synergistic photothermal and NO-dependent antibacterial effect against MRSA following near-infrared light irradiation, and effectively eliminated the formed MRSA biofilms by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress, destroying bacterial membrane integrity and causing leakage of intracellular components (P < 0.01). In vitro experiments revealed that Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP not only facilitated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, but also promoted the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2-phenotype (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The favorable osteo-immune microenvironment further facilitated osteogenesis of MSCs and the anti-inflammation of RAW264.7 cells via multiple paracrine signaling pathways (P < 0.01). In vivo evaluation confirmed the aforementioned results and revealed that Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP induced ameliorative osseointegration in an MRSA-infected femoral defect implantation model (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP is a promising multi-functional material for the high-efficient treatment of MRSA infections in implant replacement surgeries.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Osseointegration; Titanium; Nitric Oxide; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Osteogenesis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Immunotherapy; Biofilms
PubMed: 37143145
DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00454-y -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1989
Review
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Humans; Risk Factors; Titanium
PubMed: 2699903
DOI: No ID Found