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BMC Oral Health Feb 2022To synthesize mesoporous titanium dioxide composite hydroxyapatite (TiO-HAP) and to evaluate its effectiveness in sealing of occluding dentine tubules.
BACKGROUND
To synthesize mesoporous titanium dioxide composite hydroxyapatite (TiO-HAP) and to evaluate its effectiveness in sealing of occluding dentine tubules.
METHODS
TiO-HAP was synthesized by chemical precipitation method and characterized using infrared absorption spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and specific surface area detector. Forty completely extracted molars were prepared and randomly assigned into Control group, Gluma group, HAP group and TiO-HAP group according to different treatments. The characteristics of HAP and TiO-HAP and the sealing effectiveness of dentine tubules in these four groups, including infrared spectrum, surface contact angle, pore size distribution, and re-mineralized enamel surface profiles, were analyzed by suitable characterized techniques. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized TiO-HAP was tested and compared using 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) colorimetry.
RESULTS
Our results showed TiO-HAP group had significantly lower contact angle, higher specific surface area, and wider range of pore size distribution than other groups. The majority of dentinal tubules in the TiO-HAP group were blocked by white matter in a uniformed manner, and the crystals arranged in order grew along the axial direction. In addition, no significant difference in optical density (OD) value was found between control group and TiO-HAP group (P > 0.05), and cell growth was good in TiO-HAP group, indicating no cytotoxicity of TiO-HAP.
CONCLUSIONS
The MTT assay identified that TiO-HAP had little effect on the L929 cell line. We showed TiO-HAP might be used as a remineralization agent in enamel caries-like lesions.
Topics: Dentin; Durapatite; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Titanium
PubMed: 35197041
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01989-z -
Scientific Reports May 2022Titanium nanotube surfaces containing silver, zinc, and copper have shown antimicrobial effects without decreasing osteoblastic cell growth. In this in-vitro study we...
Titanium nanotube surfaces containing silver, zinc, and copper have shown antimicrobial effects without decreasing osteoblastic cell growth. In this in-vitro study we present first results on the biological evaluation of surface modifications by incorporating selenium and silver compounds into titanium-dioxide (TiO) nanotubes by electrochemical deposition. TiO-nanotubes (TNT) and Phosphate-doped TNT (pTNT) were grown on the surface of Ti6Al4V discs by anodization. Hydroxyapatite (HA), selenium (Se) and silver (Ag) compounds were incorporated by electrochemical deposition. Colony forming units of Staphylococcus epidermidis (DSM 3269) were significantly decreased in SepTNT (0.97 ± 0.18 × 10 CFU/mL), SepTNT-HA (1.2 ± 0.39 × 10 CFU/mL), AgpTNT (1.36 ± 0.42 × 10 CFU/mL) and AgSepTNT (0.999 ± 0.12 × 10 CFU/mL) compared to the non-modified control (2.2 ± 0.21 × 10 CFU/mL). Bacterial adhesion was calculated by measuring the covered area after fluorescence staining. Adhesion was lower in SepTNT (37.93 ± 12%; P = 0.004), pTNT (47.3 ± 6.3%, P = 0.04), AgpTNT (24.9 ± 1.8%; P < 0.001) and AgSepTNT (14.9 ± 4.9%; P < 0.001) compared to the non-modified control (73.7 ± 11%). Biofilm formation and the growth of osteoblastic cells (MG-63) was observed by using Crystal Violet staining. Biofilm formation was reduced in SepTNT (22 ± 3%, P = 0.02) and AgSepTNT discs (23 ± 11%, P = 0.02) compared to the non-modified control (54 ± 8%). In comparison with the non-modified control the modified SepTNT-HA and pTNT surfaces showed a significant higher covered area with osteoblastic MG-63-cells. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed findings regarding bacterial and osteoblastic cell growth. These findings show a potential synergistic effect by combining selenium and silver with titanium nanotubes.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Durapatite; Nanotubes; Selenium; Silver; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 35585076
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11804-6 -
BioMed Research International 2015Surfaces of medical implants can be enhanced with the favorable properties of titanium-nitride (TiN). In a review of English medical literature, the effects of... (Review)
Review
Surfaces of medical implants can be enhanced with the favorable properties of titanium-nitride (TiN). In a review of English medical literature, the effects of TiN-coating on orthopaedic implant material in preclinical studies were identified and the influence of these effects on the clinical outcome of TiN-coated orthopaedic implants was explored. The TiN-coating has a positive effect on the biocompatibility and tribological properties of implant surfaces; however, there are several reports of third body wear due to delamination, increased ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene wear, and cohesive failure of the TiN-coating. This might be due to the coating process. The TiN-coating process should be optimized and standardized for titanium alloy articulating surfaces. The clinical benefit of TiN-coating of CoCrMo knee implant surfaces should be further investigated.
Topics: Alloys; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Humans; Knee Prosthesis; Orthopedics; Surface Properties; Titanium; Vitallium
PubMed: 26583113
DOI: 10.1155/2015/485975 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2022The surficial micro/nanotopography and physiochemical properties of titanium implants are essential for osteogenesis. However, these surface characters' influence on...
The surficial micro/nanotopography and physiochemical properties of titanium implants are essential for osteogenesis. However, these surface characters' influence on stem cell behaviors and osteogenesis is still not fully understood. In this study, titanium implants with different surface roughness, nanostructure, and wettability were fabricated by further nanoscale modification of sandblasted and acid-etched titanium (SLA: sandblasted and acid-etched) by HO treatment (hSLAs: HO treated SLA). The rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs: rat bone mesenchymal stem cells) are cultured on SLA and hSLA surfaces, and the cell behaviors of attachment, spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation are further analyzed. Measurements of surface characteristics show hSLA surface is equipped with nanoscale pores on microcavities and appeared to be hydrophilic. cell studies demonstrated that the hSLA titanium significantly enhances cell response to attachment, spreading, and proliferation. The hSLAs with proper degree of HO etching (h1SLA: treating SLA with HO for 1 hour) harvest the best improvement of differentiation of rBMSCs. Finally, the osteogenesis in beagle dogs was tested, and the h1SLA implants perform much better bone formation than SLA implants. These results indicate that the nanoscale modification of SLA titanium surface endowing nanostructures, roughness, and wettability could significantly improve the behaviors of bone mesenchymal stem cells and osteogenesis on the scaffold surface. These nanoscale modified SLA titanium scaffolds, fabricated in our study with enhanced cell affinity and osteogenesis, had great potential for implant dentistry.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Cell Differentiation; Dental Implants; Dogs; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteogenesis; Rats; Titanium
PubMed: 35028003
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2235335 -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1989
Review
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Humans; Risk Factors; Titanium
PubMed: 2699903
DOI: No ID Found -
Dental Materials Journal May 2023The aim of this study was to assess the shear bond strength and durability between plasma-pretreated and polydopamine (PDA)-coated zirconia and titanium. Four groups...
The aim of this study was to assess the shear bond strength and durability between plasma-pretreated and polydopamine (PDA)-coated zirconia and titanium. Four groups were prepared according to the different surface treatments (untreated ZrO, plasma-pretreated ZrO, PDA-coated ZrO, and plasma-pretreated and PDA-coated ZrO (PP+PDA-ZrO). The surface topography and roughness, contact angle, and elemental analysis of the coatings of the four groups were investigated, and the bond strength and durability of the specimens were evaluated based on shear bond strength and thermocycle tests. Physical and chemical characterization results confirmed that PDA coatings can be successfully formed on zirconia substrates. The roughness and hydrophilicity were significantly higher in the PP+PDA-ZrO group which demonstrated better shear bond strength and durability between zirconia and titanium. The plasma pretreatment of zirconia substrates can enhance the stability of the PDA coating layer, and hybrid surface modifications can provide several bonding advantages for clinical use.
Topics: Titanium; Materials Testing; Zirconium; Shear Strength; Surface Properties; Dental Bonding
PubMed: 37032104
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-185 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2015Phosphonated gelatin was prepared for surface modification of titanium to stimulate cell functions. The modified gelatin was synthesized by coupling with...
Phosphonated gelatin was prepared for surface modification of titanium to stimulate cell functions. The modified gelatin was synthesized by coupling with 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid using water-soluble carbodiimide and characterized by (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. Circular dichroism revealed no differences in the conformations of unmodified and phosphonated gelatin. However, the gelation temperature was changed by the modification. Even a high concentration of modified gelatin did not form a gel at room temperature. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry showed direct bonding between the phosphonated gelatin and the titanium surface after binding. The binding behavior of phosphonated gelatin on the titanium surface was quantitatively analyzed by a quartz crystal microbalance. Ellipsometry showed the formation of a several nanometer layer of gelatin on the surface. Contact angle measurement indicated that the modified titanium surface was hydrophobic. Enhancement of the attachment and spreading of MC-3T3L1 osteoblastic cells was observed on the phosphonated gelatin-modified titanium. These effects on cell adhesion also led to growth enhancement. Phosphonation of gelatin was effective for preparation of a cell-stimulating titanium surface.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Animals; Cell Adhesion; Cell Proliferation; Circular Dichroism; Gelatin; Mice; Nanostructures; Osteoblasts; Propylamines; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 26366080
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S82166 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Oct 2023Nano-modified surfaces for dental implants may improve gingival fibroblast adhesion and antibacterial characteristics through cell-surface interactions. The present...
OBJECTIVES
Nano-modified surfaces for dental implants may improve gingival fibroblast adhesion and antibacterial characteristics through cell-surface interactions. The present study investigated how a nanocavity titanium surface impacts the viability and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) and compared its response to Porphyromonas gingivalis with those of marketed implant surfaces.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Commercial titanium and zirconia disks, namely, sandblasted and acid-etched titanium (SLA), sandblasted and acid-etched zirconia (ZLA), polished titanium (PT) and polished zirconia (ZrP), and nanostructured disks (NTDs) were tested. Polished titanium disks were etched with a 1:1 combination of 98% HSO and 30% HO (piranha etching) for 5 h at room temperature to produce the NTDs. Atomic force microscopy was used to measure the surface topography, roughness, adhesion force, and work of adhesion. MTT assays and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine cell viability and adhesion after incubation of HGF-1 cells on the disk surfaces. After incubation with P. gingivalis, conventional culture, live/dead staining, and SEM were used to determine the antibacterial properties of NTD, SLA, ZLA, PT, and ZrP.
RESULTS
Etching created nanocavities with 10-20-nm edge-to-edge diameters. Chemical etching increased the average surface roughness and decreased the surface adherence, while polishing and flattening of ZrP increased adhesion. However, only the NTDs inhibited biofilm formation and bacterial adherence. The NTDs showed antibacterial effects and P. gingivalis vitality reductions. The HGF-1 cells demonstrated greater viability on the NTDs compared to the controls.
CONCLUSION
Nanocavities with 10-20-nm edge-to-edge diameters on titanium disks hindered P. gingivalis adhesion and supported the adhesion of gingival fibroblasts when compared to the surfaces of currently marketed titanium or zirconia dental implants.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study prepared an effective antibacterial nanoporous surface, assessed its effects against oral pathogens, and demonstrated that surface characteristics on a nanoscale level influenced oral pathogens and gingival fibroblasts.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
not applicable.
Topics: Humans; Dental Implants; Titanium; Hydrogen Peroxide; Biofilms; Nanostructures; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Surface Properties; Fibroblasts
PubMed: 37653076
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05235-4 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023The widespread role of titanium (IV) oxide (TiO) in many industries makes this substance of broad scientific interest. TiO can act as both a photoprotector and... (Review)
Review
The widespread role of titanium (IV) oxide (TiO) in many industries makes this substance of broad scientific interest. TiO can act as both a photoprotector and photocatalyst, and the potential for its role in both applications increases when present in nanometer-sized crystals. Its sunlight-scattering properties are used extensively in sunscreens. Furthermore, attempts have been made to incorporate TiO into dermal formulations of photolabile drugs. However, the propensity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) rendering this material potentially cytotoxic limits its role. Therefore, modifications of TiO nanoparticles (e.g., its polymorphic form, size, shape, and surface modifications) are used in an effort to reduce its photocatalytic effects. This review provides an overview of the potential risks arising from and opportunities presented by the use of TiO in skin care formulations.
Topics: Humans; Titanium; Oxides; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37175865
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098159 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... Jul 2022Apart from osseointegration, the stability and long-term survival of percutaneous titanium implants is also strongly dependent on a qualitative soft-tissue integration... (Review)
Review
Apart from osseointegration, the stability and long-term survival of percutaneous titanium implants is also strongly dependent on a qualitative soft-tissue integration in the transcutaneous region. A firm connective tissue seal is needed to minimize soft-tissue dehiscence and epithelial downgrowth. It is well-known that the implant surface plays a key role in controlling the biological response of the surrounding keratinized tissue and several coating systems have been suggested to enhance the soft-tissue cell interactions. Although some promising results have been obtained in vitro, their clinical significance can be debated. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to gain more insight into the effect of such coatings on the interface formed with keratinized soft-tissue in vivo. A comprehensive search was undertaken in March 2021. Relevant electronic databases were consulted to identify appropriate studies using a set of search strings. In total, 12 out of 4971 publications were included in this review. The reported coating systems were assigned to several subgroups according to their characteristics: metallic, ceramic and composite. Notwithstanding the differences in study characteristics (animal model, implantation period, reported outcomes), it was noticed that several coatings improve the soft-tissue integration as compared to pristine titanium. Porous titanium coatings having only limited pore sizes (<250 μm) do not support dermal fibroblast tissue attachment. Yet, larger pores (>700 μm) allow extensive vascularized soft-tissue infiltration, thereby supporting cell attachment. Nanostructured ceramic coatings are found to reduce the inflammatory response in favor of the formation of cell adhesive structures, that is, hemidesmosomes. Biomolecule coatings seem of particular interest to stimulate the soft-tissue behavior provided that a durable fixation to the implant surface can be ensured. In this respect, fibroblast growth factor-2 entrapped in a biomimetic apatite coating instigates a close to natural soft-tissue attachment with epidermal collagen fibers attaching almost perpendicular to the implant surface. However, several studies had limitations with respect to coating characterization and detailed soft-tissue analysis, small sample size and short implantation periods. To date, robust and long-term in vivo studies are still lacking. Further investigation is required before a clear consensus on the optimal coating system allowing enhancing the soft-tissue seal around percutaneous titanium implants can be reached.
Topics: Animals; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Osseointegration; Porosity; Prostheses and Implants; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 35103386
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35025