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Physiological Reviews Jul 2017Dental enamel is the hardest and most mineralized tissue in extinct and extant vertebrate species and provides maximum durability that allows teeth to function as... (Review)
Review
Dental enamel is the hardest and most mineralized tissue in extinct and extant vertebrate species and provides maximum durability that allows teeth to function as weapons and/or tools as well as for food processing. Enamel development and mineralization is an intricate process tightly regulated by cells of the enamel organ called ameloblasts. These heavily polarized cells form a monolayer around the developing enamel tissue and move as a single forming front in specified directions as they lay down a proteinaceous matrix that serves as a template for crystal growth. Ameloblasts maintain intercellular connections creating a semi-permeable barrier that at one end (basal/proximal) receives nutrients and ions from blood vessels, and at the opposite end (secretory/apical/distal) forms extracellular crystals within specified pH conditions. In this unique environment, ameloblasts orchestrate crystal growth via multiple cellular activities including modulating the transport of minerals and ions, pH regulation, proteolysis, and endocytosis. In many vertebrates, the bulk of the enamel tissue volume is first formed and subsequently mineralized by these same cells as they retransform their morphology and function. Cell death by apoptosis and regression are the fates of many ameloblasts following enamel maturation, and what cells remain of the enamel organ are shed during tooth eruption, or are incorporated into the tooth's epithelial attachment to the oral gingiva. In this review, we examine key aspects of dental enamel formation, from its developmental genesis to the ever-increasing wealth of data on the mechanisms mediating ionic transport, as well as the clinical outcomes resulting from abnormal ameloblast function.
Topics: Ameloblasts; Amelogenesis; Animals; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Proteins; Evolution, Molecular; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Oral Health; Phenotype; Species Specificity; Tooth Abnormalities; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 28468833
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2016 -
Annals of Periodontology Dec 1999Several conditions exist around teeth that may predispose the periodontium to disease. These situations may occur as a result of the condition or position of teeth or as... (Review)
Review
Several conditions exist around teeth that may predispose the periodontium to disease. These situations may occur as a result of the condition or position of teeth or as a result of tooth treatment. In certain cases these tooth-related factors may contribute to the initiation of periodontal disease. While the etiology of periodontal disease is bacterial, factors that enhance bacterial accumulation or allow the ingress of bacteria into the periodontium should be considered in the classification and diagnosis of periodontal diseases. This is because many times these tooth-related issues can cause site-specific problems that require treatment in an otherwise intact periodontium. Several factors related to tooth/root anatomy, restorative, and endodontic considerations have been associated with gingival inflammation, attachment loss, and bone loss. These factors will be reviewed as they relate to their potential to promote damage to the periodontium.
Topics: Dental Pulp Diseases; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Periodontitis; Tooth Abnormalities; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 10863380
DOI: 10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.91 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Aug 2016Many psychological disorders are associated with comorbid physical illness. There are less data on dental disease in common psychological disorders such as depression... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Many psychological disorders are associated with comorbid physical illness. There are less data on dental disease in common psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety in spite of risk factors in this population of diet, lifestyle or antidepressant-induced dry mouth.
METHODS
We undertook a systematic search for studies of the oral health of people with common psychological disorders including depression, anxiety and dental phobia. We searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, EMBASE and article bibliographies. Results were compared with the general population. Outcomes included partial or total tooth-loss, periodontal disease, and dental decay measured through standardized measures such as the mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) or surfaces (DMFS).
RESULTS
There were 19 papers on depression and/or anxiety, and seven on dental phobia/anxiety (total n=26). These covered 334,503 subjects. All the psychiatric diagnoses were associated with increased dental decay on both DMFT and DMFS scores, as well as greater tooth loss (OR=1.22; 95%CI=1.14-1.30). There was no association with periodontal disease, except for panic disorder.
LIMITATIONS
Cross-sectional design of included studies, heterogeneity in some results, insufficient studies to test for publication bias.
CONCLUSION
The increased focus on the physical health of psychiatric patients should encompass oral health including closer collaboration between dental and medical practitioners. Possible interventions include oral health assessment using standard checklists that can be completed by non-dental personnel, help with oral hygiene, management of iatrogenic dry mouth, and early dental referral. Mental health clinicians should also be aware of the oral consequences of inappropriate diet and psychotropic medication.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Oral Health; Risk Factors; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 27130961
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.040 -
American Family Physician Dec 2018Oral health directly affects overall health and quality of life. More Americans lack dental insurance than medical insurance. Patients with poor oral health are more... (Review)
Review
Oral health directly affects overall health and quality of life. More Americans lack dental insurance than medical insurance. Patients with poor oral health are more likely to have respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and diabetes mellitus. Early childhood caries is the most common chronic condition in American children. Certain illicit and prescription drugs increase the risk of enamel erosion and caries formation in adults. Incision and drainage is the treatment of choice for dental abscess. Risk factors for periodontal disease include smoking, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus infection, use of certain medications, and genetic susceptibility. Patients with gingivitis typically present with swollen, erythematous gum tissue that bleeds easily with brushing or flossing. One in three children will have an injury to the primary teeth, and one in five 12-year-old children will have an injury to the permanent teeth. All dental fractures should be evaluated with imaging and managed in conjunction with a dental professional. Immediate reimplantation is the preferred treatment for avulsed permanent teeth. Primary care clinicians are well positioned to reduce rates of oral disease. Family physicians can incorporate oral health into routine practice through counseling about diet, oral hygiene, smoking cessation, and fluoride supplementation; application of fluoride varnish; and screening for dental disease.
Topics: Humans; Oral Health; Primary Health Care; Risk Factors; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 30485039
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Sep 2019
Topics: Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Pedigree; Phenotype; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 30518545
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319849 -
Journal of Endodontics Nov 2003A review of the signs, symptoms, and treatment of Paget's disease is presented. Paget, or osteitis deformans, is a chronic, progressive, bone disease of viral etiology.... (Review)
Review
A review of the signs, symptoms, and treatment of Paget's disease is presented. Paget, or osteitis deformans, is a chronic, progressive, bone disease of viral etiology. Recent investigations about the causative agent of this disorder have implicated the measles virus of the paramyxovirus family. Additional studies have demonstrated that abnormal virus-infected osteoclasts generate interleukin (IL)-6, a resorptive cytokine from the bone marrow of patients with Paget's bone disease.
Topics: Humans; Jaw Diseases; Osteitis Deformans; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 14651277
DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200311000-00009 -
Australian Dental Journal Apr 1976
Topics: Australia; Humans; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 1068676
DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.1976.tb02848.x -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2016Sickle cell disease is the most common single gene disorder and the commonest haemoglobinopathy found with high prevalence in many populations across the world.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sickle cell disease is the most common single gene disorder and the commonest haemoglobinopathy found with high prevalence in many populations across the world. Management of dental complications in people with sickle cell disease requires special consideration for three main reasons. Firstly, dental and oral tissues are affected by the blood disorder resulting in several oro-facial abnormalities. Secondly, living with a haemoglobinopathy and coping with its associated serious consequences may result in individuals neglecting their oral health care. Finally, the treatment of these oral complications must be adapted to the systemic condition and special needs of these individuals, in order not to exacerbate or deteriorate their general health.Guidelines for the treatment of dental complications in this population who require special care are unclear and even unavailable in many aspects. Hence this review was undertaken to provide a basis for clinical care by investigating and analysing the existing evidence in the literature for the treatment of dental complications in people with sickle cell disease.
OBJECTIVES
To assess methods of treating dental complications in people with sickle cell disease.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books.Date of last search: 11 April 2016.Additionally, we searched nine online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Literature in the Health Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean database, African Index Medicus, Index Medicus for South East Asia Region, Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Indexing of Indian Medical Journals). We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews and contacted haematologists, experts in fields of dentistry, organizations, pharmaceutical companies and researchers working in this field.Date of last search: 03 March 2016.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We searched for published or unpublished randomised controlled studies of treatments for dental complications in people with sickle cell disease.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors intended to independently extract data and assess the risk of bias of the included studies using standard Cochrane methodologies; however, no studies were identified for inclusion in the review.
MAIN RESULTS
No randomised controlled studies were identified.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
This Cochrane review did not identify any randomised controlled studies assessing interventions for the treatment of dental complications in people with sickle cell disease. There is an important need for randomised controlled studies in this area, so as to identify the most effective and safe method for treating dental complications in people with sickle cell disease.
Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Humans; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 27103509
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011633.pub2 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Nov 2014Tooth extraction is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in small animal practice. (Review)
Review
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE
Tooth extraction is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in small animal practice.
CLINICAL CHALLENGES
The clinician must be familiar with normal oral anatomy, utilize nomenclature accepted in dentistry and oral surgery, use the modified Triadan system for numbering teeth, identify normal structures on a dental radiograph, understand the tissues that hold the teeth in the jaws, know the biomechanical principles of tooth extraction, be able to choose the most appropriate instrument for removal of a tooth, extract teeth using closed and open techniques, and create tension-free flaps for closure of extraction sites.
AUDIENCE
This review is intended to familiarize both the general and referral practitioner with feline oral anatomy and tooth extraction techniques.
PATIENT GROUP
Tooth extraction is predominantly performed in cats with tooth resorption, chronic gingivostomatitis and periodontal disease.
EQUIPMENT
The basic contents of a feline tooth extraction kit are explained.
EVIDENCE BASE
The guidance contained within this review is based on a combination of the published literature, the authors' personal experience and the experience of colleagues.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Mouth; Postoperative Complications; Radiography; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 25344460
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X14552365 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... May 2013Dental radiography is a necessary diagnostic modality in small animal practice. It is not possible to accurately assess and diagnose tooth resorption, periodontal... (Review)
Review
Dental radiography is a necessary diagnostic modality in small animal practice. It is not possible to accurately assess and diagnose tooth resorption, periodontal disease, endodontic disease, neoplasia and injury without it. Dental radiography is also necessary for treatment and assessment of the patient postoperatively.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dentition; Periodontal Diseases; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Radiography, Dental, Digital; Tooth; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Resorption
PubMed: 23643020
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.02.003