-
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Oct 2020The purpose of this study is to find out the clusters with high toxoplasmosis risk to discuss the geographical pattern in 2 islands of Gyodong-myeon and Samsan-myeon in...
The purpose of this study is to find out the clusters with high toxoplasmosis risk to discuss the geographical pattern in 2 islands of Gyodong-myeon and Samsan-myeon in Ganghwa-gun, Korea. Seroepidemiological data of toxoplasmosis surveyed using rapid diagnostic tests for the residents in 2 islands from 2010 to 2013 were analyzed to detect clusters of the infection. The cluster was investigated using the SatScan program which is based on Kulldorff's scan statistic. The clusters were found with P-values in each region analyzed in the program, and the risk and patient incidence of specific areas can be examined by the values such as relative risk and log likelyhood ratio. Jiseok-ri was found to be a cluster in Gyodong-myeon and Ha-ri was the cluster in Samsan-myeon. This findings can be used to monitor and prevent toxoplasmosis infections occurring in vulnerable areas.
Topics: Antibodies, Protozoan; Cluster Analysis; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Republic of Korea; Risk; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 33202501
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.493 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2021is an apicomplexan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, a common disease, which is most typically asymptomatic. However, toxoplasmosis can be severe and even fatal in... (Review)
Review
is an apicomplexan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, a common disease, which is most typically asymptomatic. However, toxoplasmosis can be severe and even fatal in immunocompromised patients and fetuses. Available treatment options are limited, so there is a strong impetus to develop novel therapeutics. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology and treatment of infection. Chemical compounds that modify redox status can reduce the parasite viability and thus be potential anti- drugs. On the other hand, oxidative stress caused by the activation of the inflammatory response may have some deleterious consequences in host cells. In this respect, the potential use of natural antioxidants is worth considering, including melatonin and some vitamins, as possible novel anti- therapeutics. Results of in vitro and animal studies are promising. However, supplementation with some antioxidants was found to promote the increase in parasitemia, and the disease was then characterized by a milder course. Undoubtedly, research in this area may have a significant impact on the future prospects of toxoplasmosis therapy.
Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Animals; Antioxidants; Disease Management; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Susceptibility; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Life Cycle Stages; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 34071892
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115705 -
Trends in Parasitology May 2015One Health has gained a remarkable profile in the animal and public health communities, in part owing to the pressing issues of emerging infectious diseases of wildlife... (Review)
Review
One Health has gained a remarkable profile in the animal and public health communities, in part owing to the pressing issues of emerging infectious diseases of wildlife origin. Wildlife parasitology can offer insights into One Health, and likewise One Health can provide justification to study and act on wildlife parasites. But how do we decide which wildlife parasites are One Health issues? We explore toxoplasmosis in wildlife in the Canadian Arctic as an example of a parasite that poses a risk to human health, and that also has potential to adversely affect wildlife populations of conservation concern and importance for food security and cultural well-being. This One Health framework can help communities, researchers, and policymakers prioritize issues for action in a resource-limited world.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Arctic Regions; Canada; Humans; Public Health; Toxoplasmosis; Zoonoses
PubMed: 25662272
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.01.002 -
Microbes and Infection Jul 2008It has been 100 years since Toxoplasma gondii was initially described in Tunis by Nicolle and Manceaux (1908) in the tissues of the gundi (Ctenodoactylus gundi) and in... (Review)
Review
It has been 100 years since Toxoplasma gondii was initially described in Tunis by Nicolle and Manceaux (1908) in the tissues of the gundi (Ctenodoactylus gundi) and in Brazil by Splendore (1908) in the tissues of a rabbit. T. gondii is a ubiquitous, Apicomplexan parasite of warm-blooded animals that can cause several clinical syndromes including encephalitis, chorioretinitis and congenital infection. Due to the extensive repertoire of applicable experimental techniques available for this pathogen it has become a model organism for the study of intracellular pathogens. Data obtained from genome-wide expression studies, including ChIP on chip and proteomics surveys, are refining our understanding of the genetic networks involved in the developmental biology of this pathogen as well as the interactions of the parasite with its host. This review addresses recent advances in our understanding of the developmental biology and host-pathogen relationships of T. gondii.
Topics: Animals; Epigenesis, Genetic; Genomics; Humans; Metabolomics; Proteome; Proteomics; Protozoan Proteins; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasmosis, Animal
PubMed: 18672085
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.07.015 -
Medecine Sciences : M/S 2009Schizophrenia is one of the most severe and disabling psychiatric disease that affects about 1 % of the adult worldwide population. Aetiology of schizophrenia is still... (Review)
Review
Schizophrenia is one of the most severe and disabling psychiatric disease that affects about 1 % of the adult worldwide population. Aetiology of schizophrenia is still unknown but genetic and environmental factors are suspected to play a major role in its onset. Recent epidemiologic studies indicate that infectious agents may contribute to some cases of schizophrenia. In particular, several epidemiological, behavioural and neurochemical studies suggested the existence of an association between schizophrenia and past history of primo-infection by the Toxoplasma gondii. However, they are some limitations for this hypothesis among which the lack of correlation between the geographic distribution of both diseases and of direct evidence for the presence of the parasite in schizophrenic patients. Nevertheless the identification of physiopathological mechanisms related to the parasite could provide a better comprehension to the outcome of schizophrenia. Studies on the link between toxoplasmosis and schizophrenia may provide interesting data for the diagnosis and the development of new treatments for this disorder.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Humans; Incidence; Pedigree; Schizophrenia; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19765381
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2009258-9687 -
Transplant Infectious Disease : An... Aug 2021Toxoplasma gondii can cause severe opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, but diagnosis is often delayed. We conducted a retrospective review of solid...
Toxoplasma gondii can cause severe opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, but diagnosis is often delayed. We conducted a retrospective review of solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with toxoplasmosis between 2002 and 2018 at two large US academic transplant centers. Patients were identified by ICD-9 or ICD-10 toxoplasmosis codes, positive Toxoplasma polymerase chain reaction test result, or pathologic diagnosis. Data were collected regarding transplant type, time from transplant to toxoplasmosis diagnosis, clinical and radiographic features, and mortality at 30 and 90 days. Twenty patients were identified: 10 HSCT recipients (80% allogeneic HSCT) and 10 SOT recipients (60% deceased donor renal transplants). Rejection among SOT recipients (70%) and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis among HSCT recipients (50%) were frequent. Median time from transplant to toxoplasmosis diagnosis was longer for SOT than HSCT (1385 vs. 5 days, P-value .002). Clinical manifestations most commonly were encephalitis (65%), respiratory failure (40%), renal failure (40%), and distributive shock (40%). Cohort 30-day mortality was 45%, and 90-day mortality was 55%. Diagnosis was postmortem in 25% of the cohort. Further evaluation of toxoplasmosis screening is needed for noncardiac SOT recipients, HSCT recipients with GVHD, and periods of increased net immunosuppression.
Topics: Academic Medical Centers; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis; Transplant Recipients
PubMed: 33993599
DOI: 10.1111/tid.13636 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Jun 2021We find out the clusters with high toxoplasmosis risk to discuss the geographical pattern in Gyodong-myeon and Samsan-myeon of Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and...
We find out the clusters with high toxoplasmosis risk to discuss the geographical pattern in Gyodong-myeon and Samsan-myeon of Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Goseong-gun, Korea. Seroepidemiological data of toxoplasmosis surveyed using rapid diagnostic tests for the residents in the areas in 2019 were analyzed to detect clusters of the infection. The cluster was investigated using the SaTScan program which is based on Kulldorff's scan statistic. The clusters were found with P-values in each region analyzed in the program, and the risk and patient incidence of specific areas can be examined by the values such as relative risk and log likelihood ratio. Jiseok-ri and Insa-ri were found to be a cluster in Gyodong-myeon and Seokmo-ri was the cluster in Samsan-myeon. Yangji-ri and Igil-ri were found to be a cluster in Cheorwon-gun and Madal-ri and Baebong-ri were the cluster in Goseong-gun. This findings can be used to monitor and prevent toxoplasmosis infections occurring in vulnerable areas.
Topics: Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Incidence; Republic of Korea; Risk; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 34218596
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.251 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... 2021To assess the association between exposure to toxoplasmosis and major psychiatric disorders through a systematic review of the literature.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the association between exposure to toxoplasmosis and major psychiatric disorders through a systematic review of the literature.
METHODS
The literature review was performed in the MEDLINE, SciELO, and PsycINFO databases. To evaluate the quality of the studies included in the review, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used.
RESULTS
Thirty-one studies were included, and the majority found an association between exposure to toxoplasmosis and schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (58.3 and 54.5% of the included papers, respectively), but not major depressive disorder. We found no significant difference in mean quality scores between studies that corroborated and contradicted the association hypothesis for either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. All included papers were considered at least satisfactory according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (total scores ≥ 6 out of 9).
CONCLUSION
Although there was no association between exposure to toxoplasmosis and major depressive disorder, the results indicate an association with both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, despite their heterogeneity. Further studies should be performed with more specific variables so that the nature of these relationships can be elucidated.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Mental Disorders; Schizophrenia; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 32965430
DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0904 -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Oct 1953
Topics: Humans; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 13112236
DOI: No ID Found -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Dec 2019We report on apparent temporal progression of probable sources of infection and transmission routes for global human toxoplasmosis outbreaks as described in published... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
We report on apparent temporal progression of probable sources of infection and transmission routes for global human toxoplasmosis outbreaks as described in published articles. We searched the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases for articles on Toxoplasma, toxoplasmosis, and outbreaks. We found that transmission routes for Toxoplasma gondii varied by decade. In the 1960s and 1990s, toxoplasmosis outbreaks mainly occurred through ingestion of cysts in meat and meat derivatives; in the 1980s, through milk contaminated with tachyzoites; in 2000, due to the presence of oocysts in water, sand, and soil; and in 2010, due to oocysts in raw fruits and vegetables. Our study suggests a possible change in the epidemiology of reported toxoplasmosis outbreaks. Because of this change, we suggest that greater attention be paid to the disinfection of vegetables, as well as to the quality of water used for drinking and irrigation.
Topics: Animals; Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Humans; Public Health Surveillance; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis; Zoonoses
PubMed: 31742524
DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.181565