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Frontiers in Public Health 2024Biodiversity has been recognized as a positive contributor to human health and wellbeing. Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the two most significant global health...
BACKGROUND
Biodiversity has been recognized as a positive contributor to human health and wellbeing. Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the two most significant global health burdens, and understanding their relationship with biodiversity forms an essential step toward promoting biodiversity conservation and human health.
METHODS
The species richness of birds is a common indicator of biodiversity, given their vast numbers, distinctive distribution, and acute sensitivity to environmental disturbances. This ecological study utilized avian observation data derived from the eBird database, human health data from the International Health Metrics and Evaluation, and county-level statistics, including population characteristics, socio-economics, healthcare service, residential environment, and geographic and climatic characteristics in 2014. We aimed to extensively explore the individual associations between biodiversity (i.e., avian species richness) and age-standardized cause-specific mortalities for different types of cancers (29 conditions) and cardiovascular diseases (10 conditions) across the United States (US).
RESULTS
Our multiple regression analyses that adjusted for a variety of socio-demographic and geographical factors showed that increased rarefied species richness of birds was associated with reduced mortality rates for three of the five most common cancers, namely, tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer, breast cancer (in women only), and colon and rectal cancer. For cardiovascular conditions, a similar relationship was observed for ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease-the two most frequent causes of mortality. This study provided extended details regarding the beneficial effects of biodiversity on human health.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Biodiversity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Male; United States; Birds; Animals; Middle Aged; Aged; Adult
PubMed: 38746003
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1368017 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2024Tracheobronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare type of malignancy. Although complete resection is standard treatment for localized ACC, treatment for...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Tracheobronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare type of malignancy. Although complete resection is standard treatment for localized ACC, treatment for unresectable ACC has not been established. It is unclear whether concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is effective for ACC.
CASE REPORT
A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of dyspnea and thickening of the bronchial wall from the tracheal carina to the left main bronchus, as observed on a CT scan. Systemic examinations and transbronchial biopsy led to a diagnosis of locally advanced ACC. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not regarded as very sensitive for ACC, a favorable response was obtained with CCRT. Following CCRT, he received ICI therapy with durvalumab for 1 year. The patient has remained in a stable condition 18 months after therapy, with no recurrence.
CONCLUSION
ICI after CCRT might be a promising treatment option for unresectable tracheobronchial ACC.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Male; Middle Aged; Chemoradiotherapy; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Treatment Outcome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Bronchial Neoplasms; Tracheal Neoplasms; Biopsy
PubMed: 38688619
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13595 -
Medicine Apr 2024Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare clinical disease. Although there are several reports describing intraperitoneal mesothelioma of the lung, liver, and...
RATIONALE
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare clinical disease. Although there are several reports describing intraperitoneal mesothelioma of the lung, liver, and intestine, retroperitoneal mesothelioma is, to our knowledge, very rare and rarely reported. In recent years, our best clinical protocols for the treatment and diagnosis of retroperitoneal mesothelioma have not been proven and the diagnosis and treatment are challenging.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 37-year-old Chinese woman complained of bilateral low back pain for a month, with obvious symptoms of low back pain on the left side. To treat low back pain, retroperitoneal masses were found during physical examination. The patient consulted a urological specialist for further treatment.
DIAGNOSIS
After the operation, pathological biopsy confirmed retroperitoneal epithelioid diffuse mesothelioma.
INTERVENTIONS
After exclusion of surgical contraindications, the patient underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal lesion resection under tracheal intubation and general anesthesia, and the operation was successful.
OUTCOMES
On the tenth day after surgery, the patient vital signs were stable, and he was discharged.
LESSONS
Patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma may have no typical clinical symptoms, and the diagnosis is based on pathological and immunohistochemical examination. In selected patients, surgical cell reduction and intraoperative intraperitoneal heat chemotherapy have become the first choice of treatment, which can achieve ideal therapeutic effects and prolong survival.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Female; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Mesothelioma; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Laparoscopy
PubMed: 38669368
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037985 -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2024Primary tracheal schwannomas are rare benign tumours. This is a case report, and therefore, no specific methods or results are applicable. We here report a case of a...
Primary tracheal schwannomas are rare benign tumours. This is a case report, and therefore, no specific methods or results are applicable. We here report a case of a tracheal schwannoma in an early adolescent girl presenting with subcutaneous emphysema and symptoms of airway obstruction. Tracheal resection and reconstruction by primary anastomosis were performed. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of tracheal schwannoma. This is an unusual life-threatening presentation of a benign rare tracheal tumour with a challenging approach to management.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Mediastinal Emphysema; Trachea; Tracheal Neoplasms; Neurilemmoma; Subcutaneous Emphysema
PubMed: 38594197
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256951 -
Heliyon Apr 2024Tracheal injury is a rare but potentially serious acute complication of endotracheal intubation. Very few cases of tracheal injury associated with coagulation...
BACKGROUND
Tracheal injury is a rare but potentially serious acute complication of endotracheal intubation. Very few cases of tracheal injury associated with coagulation abnormalities have been reported in the literature. We present a rare case of a patient presenting with tracheal injury in combination with coagulation abnormalities following thyroidectomy.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 58-year-old woman with a history of postoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer, gastric polyps, multiple colonic polyps, esophageal papillary adenomas, and thyroid adenomas presented with dyspnea following 10 ml hemoptysis on the third day after thyroidectomy; she was admitted to the intensive care unit and underwent tracheal intubation for maintaining the airway. Subsequent bronchoscopy revealed a nodular red neoplasm 5-cm from the carina in the trachea obstructing part of the lumen, with a small amount of fresh hemorrhage on the surface. Tracheal injury was considered the preliminary diagnosis. Fiberoptic bronchoscope guided tracheal intubation helped prevent rupture of the tumor, and the cannula was properly inflated to arrest the bleeding while blocking the lower part of the trachea. An emergency surgical evacuation of the cervical hematoma was performed for managing postoperative bleeding. The patient demonstrated persistent pancytopenia despite frequent transfusions. Laboratory examination results revealed abnormal coagulation parameters, anemia, and hepatic dysfunction. Following a multidisciplinary team discussion, pituitrin for hemostasis, tranexamic acid for strengthening hemostasis treatment, and nutritional support and anti-infection treatment were initiated. Endotracheal tube cuff inflation was performed to compress the bleeding site. Complete resolution of the subcutaneous hematoma was observed nine days after the tracheal injury; bronchoscopy revealed residual ecchymosis in the airway hematoma with no evidence of obstruction.
CONCLUSION
Conservative management of tracheal injury limited to the mucosa or submucosa without significant amount of active bleeding using endotracheal intubation is considered a practical and effective approach. Successful management was ensured by appropriate clinical suspicion, early multidisciplinary team discussion, and prompt diagnosis and interventions.
PubMed: 38586347
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28737 -
Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica =... 2024To investigate the burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer due to tobacco exposure in the last 30 years in 12 South American countries.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer due to tobacco exposure in the last 30 years in 12 South American countries.
METHODS
We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 exposure-response function to analyze the total tobacco, smoking, and secondhand smoke exposure-related TBL cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), for 12 South American countries, between 1990 and 2019. Metrics were described as absolute numbers or rates per 100 000 individuals. The relative change in burden was assessed by comparing the 1990-1994 to 2015-2019 periods.
RESULTS
In 2019, the all-ages number of TBL cancer deaths and DALYs associated with tobacco exposure in South America was 29 348 and 658 204 in males and 14 106 and 318 277 in females, respectively. Age-adjusted death and DALYs rates for the region in 2019 were 182.8 and 4035 in males and 50.8 and 1162 in females, respectively. In males, 10/12 countries observed relative declines in TBL death rates attributed to tobacco exposure while only 4 countries reduced their mortality in females.
CONCLUSION
While significant efforts on tobacco control are under place in South America, substantial burden of TBL cancer persists in the region with significant sex-specific disparities. Increased country-specific primary data on TBL cancer and tobacco exposure is needed to optimize healthcare strategies and improve comprehension of regional trends.
PubMed: 38576842
DOI: 10.26633/RPSP.2024.30 -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Apr 2024Postoperative pneumonia is one of the common complications after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. There is no related study on the effect of lung isolation with...
Effect of lung isolation with different airway devices on postoperative pneumonia in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a propensity score-matched study.
BACKGROUND
Postoperative pneumonia is one of the common complications after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. There is no related study on the effect of lung isolation with different airway devices on postoperative pneumonia. Therefore, in this study, the propensity score matching method was used to retrospectively explore the effects of different lung isolation methods on postoperative pneumonia in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
METHODS
This is A single-center, retrospective, propensity score-matched study. The information of patients who underwent VATS in Weifang People 's Hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 was retrospectively included. The patients were divided into three groups according to the airway device used in thoracoscopic surgery: laryngeal mask combined with bronchial blocker group (LM + BB group), tracheal tube combined with bronchial blocker group (TT + BB group) and double-lumen endobronchial tube group (DLT group). The main outcome was the incidence of pneumonia within 7 days after surgery; the secondary outcome were hospitalization time and hospitalization expenses. Patients in the three groups were matched using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.
RESULTS
After propensity score matching analysis, there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pneumonia and hospitalization time among the three groups (P > 0.05), but there was significant difference in hospitalization expenses among the three groups (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
There was no significant difference in the effect of different intubation lung isolation methods on postoperative pneumonia in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.
Topics: Humans; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Retrospective Studies; Propensity Score; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Intubation, Intratracheal; Pneumonia
PubMed: 38575884
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02956-4 -
Cancer Medicine Apr 2024Thoracic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is rare, and the differences between tracheal and lung lesions have not been fully understood.
BACKGROUND
Thoracic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is rare, and the differences between tracheal and lung lesions have not been fully understood.
METHODS
Patients were identified from a Chinese cancer center (FUSCC) (2005-2022) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000-2019). Incidence was calculated and trends were quantified. Clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Nomograms predicting OS were constructed.
RESULTS
Totally, 55 tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma (TACC) and 25 lung and bronchus adenoid cystic carcinoma (LACC) were included in a Chinese cohort, 121 TACC and 162 LACC included in the SEER cohort. There were larger tumor sizes, more lymph nodes and distant metastases for LACC than TACC patients. TACC patients are more likely to get local treatments. Patients with LACC had significantly worse median OS than patients with TACC (SEER cohort: 68.0 months vs. 109.0 months, p = 0.001, Chinese cohort: 62.9 months vs. 124.8 months, p = 0.061). Age, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and local treatment were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS of TACC. Distant metastasis and local treatment were identified for LACC. Specifically, surgery alone or in combination with radiotherapy is crucial for improving survival in both TACC and LACC. Only TACC benefits from radiotherapy alone, while chemotherapy does not improve survival for either. The nomograms constructed using these factors revealed good prognostic accuracy.
CONCLUSIONS
LACC is more aggressive and has a worse prognosis than TACC. TACC patients have more opportunities for local treatment, which is important for the prognosis of both TACC and LACC. Nomograms were created for TACC and LACC to aid in personalized survival predictions and clinical decisions.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Lung Neoplasms; Prognosis; Nomograms; Lung
PubMed: 38572933
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7158 -
Thoracic Cancer May 2024Tracheomediastinal fistula is a rare but life-threatening complication of cancer. We report a case of tracheomediastinal fistula induced by concurrent chemoradiotherapy... (Review)
Review
Tracheomediastinal fistula is a rare but life-threatening complication of cancer. We report a case of tracheomediastinal fistula induced by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in limited stage small cell lung cancer. Despite the treatment response, the metastatic paratracheal lymph node increased gradually during concurrent chemoradiotherapy, resulting in the occurrence of tracheomediastinal fistula and mediastinitis. Without any surgical intervention, the patient achieved successful recovery from mediastinitis through antibiotic treatment, although the tracheomediastinal fistula remained open. In this report, we also review previous studies of tracheomediastinal and bronchomediastinal fistulas and summarize the clinical features.
Topics: Humans; Chemoradiotherapy; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Tracheal Diseases; Middle Aged; Mediastinal Diseases; Fistula
PubMed: 38528720
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15270 -
Cancer Imaging : the Official... Mar 2024Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignant disorder, and ultrasound plays an important role in PTL diagnosis and follow-up surveillance. Prediction of...
BACKGROUND
Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignant disorder, and ultrasound plays an important role in PTL diagnosis and follow-up surveillance. Prediction of refractory/relapse events in PTL patients is an essential issue, yet no ultrasonic PTL features have been discovered to be related to refractory/local relapse events.
METHODS
From January 2008 to September 2022, newly diagnosed PTL patients in our center who underwent standard first-line treatment and received an ultrasound examination before treatment were enrolled. Data regarding patients' clinical and sonographic features, as well as their therapeutic responses were collected. Subjects with an ideal prognosis were compared to those with refractory/relapse events.
RESULTS
In total, 37 PTL patients were analyzed, including 26 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 2 with follicular lymphoma and 9 with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. During the median follow-up of 25 months, 30 patients obtained a complete response, 4 were refractory patients, and 3 experienced local relapse. No significant difference was detected in the baseline clinical characteristics between patients with an ideal prognosis and those with refractory/local relapse events. In terms of sonographic features, however, an event-free survival (EFS) curve comparison revealed that patients with bilobar enlargement (defined as an anterior-posterior diameter > 2.5 cm on both sides of thyroid lobes) had a poorer EFS than those without (P < 0.0001), and patients with diffuse type had a poorer EFS than those with mixed/nodular types (P = 0.043). No significant difference was observed in EFS between patients with or without signs of suspicious cervical lymph node metastasis, rich blood signal distribution or symptoms of trachea compression.
CONCLUSIONS
PTL patients with an anterior-posterior diameter > 2.5 cm for both thyroid lobes or PTL patients of the diffuse ultrasound type could be prone to refractory/local relapse events.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Thyroid Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone
PubMed: 38509603
DOI: 10.1186/s40644-024-00681-z