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Advances in Parasitology 2018Climate change is expected to impact across every domain of society, including health. The majority of the world's population is susceptible to pathological, infectious... (Review)
Review
Climate change is expected to impact across every domain of society, including health. The majority of the world's population is susceptible to pathological, infectious disease whose life cycles are sensitive to environmental factors across different physical phases including air, water and soil. Nearly all so-called neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) fall into this category, meaning that future geographic patterns of transmission of dozens of infections are likely to be affected by climate change over the short (seasonal), medium (annual) and long (decadal) term. This review offers an introduction into the terms and processes deployed in modelling climate change and reviews the state of the art in terms of research into how climate change may affect future transmission of NTDs. The 34 infections included in this chapter are drawn from the WHO NTD list and the WHO blueprint list of priority diseases. For the majority of infections, some evidence is available of which environmental factors contribute to the population biology of parasites, vectors and zoonotic hosts. There is a general paucity of published research on the potential effects of decadal climate change, with some exceptions, mainly in vector-borne diseases.
Topics: Animals; Climate Change; Humans; Neglected Diseases; Tropical Climate; Tropical Medicine
PubMed: 29753342
DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.02.001 -
Tropical Medicine & International... Jan 2020
Topics: Adolescent; Africa South of the Sahara; Child; Female; Global Health; Goals; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Status; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Sustainable Development; Tropical Medicine; Young Adult
PubMed: 31983079
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13368 -
Infectious Diseases of Poverty Jan 2020Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have long been overlooked in the global health agenda. They are intimately related to poverty, cause important local burdens of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have long been overlooked in the global health agenda. They are intimately related to poverty, cause important local burdens of disease, but individually do not represent global priorities. Yet, NTDs were estimated to affect close to 2 billion people at the turn of the millennium, with a collective burden equivalent to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, or malaria. A global response was therefore warranted.
MAIN TEXT
The World Health Organization (WHO) conceived an innovative strategy in the early 2000s to combat NTDs as a group of diseases, based on a combination of five public health interventions. Access to essential NTD medicines has hugely improved thanks to strong public-private partnership involving the pharmaceutical sector. The combination of a WHO NTD roadmap with clear targets to be achieved by 2020 and game-changing partner commitments endorsed in the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases, have led to unprecedented progress in the implementation of large-scale preventive treatment, case management and care of NTDs. The coming decade will see as challenges the mainstreaming of these NTD interventions into Universal Health Coverage and the coordination with other sectors to get to the roots of poverty and scale up transmission-breaking interventions. Chinese expertise with the elimination of multiple NTDs, together with poverty reduction and intersectoral action piloted by municipalities and local governments, can serve as a model for the latter. The international community will also need to keep a specific focus on NTDs in order to further steer this global response, manage the scaling up and sustainment of NTD interventions globally, and develop novel products and implementation strategies for NTDs that are still lagging behind.
CONCLUSIONS
The year 2020 will be crucial for the future of the global response to NTDs. Progress against the 2020 roadmap targets will be assessed, a new 2021-2030 NTD roadmap will be launched, and the London Declaration commitments will need to be renewed. It is hoped that during the coming decade the global response will be able to further build on today's successes, align with the new global health and development frameworks, but also keep focused attention on NTDs and mobilize enough resources to see the effort effectively through to 2030.
Topics: Communicable Disease Control; Global Health; Humans; Neglected Diseases; Poverty; Tropical Medicine
PubMed: 31987053
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-0630-9 -
Infectious Disease Clinics of North... Mar 2019Tropical medicine deals with infectious and noninfectious diseases geographically located between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. It encompasses diseases that... (Review)
Review
Tropical medicine deals with infectious and noninfectious diseases geographically located between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. It encompasses diseases that result from poverty, poor sanitation, infrastructure, and inadequate health resources. Lack of availability of clean water and food made with unhygienic practices add to the morbidity of these diseases. The tropics are reeling under the onslaught of climate change, deforestation, and air, water, and soil pollution, which worsens an already fragile health system. This article provides an overview of the definition, classification, geophysical problems, syndromic approach to common tropical infections, diagnostic challenges in the tropics, and access to medicines.
Topics: Climate Change; Communicable Diseases; Geography; Humans; Noncommunicable Diseases; Public Health; Tropical Medicine
PubMed: 30712755
DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2018.10.011 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jan 2019
Topics: Disease Eradication; Global Health; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; Tropical Medicine; United States
PubMed: 30652665
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0848 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Apr 2018
Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurocysticercosis: 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH).
Topics: American Medical Association; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Hygiene; Neurocysticercosis; Tropical Medicine; United States
PubMed: 29481580
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix1084 -
Medecine Et Sante Tropicales Feb 2019
Topics: Humans; Neglected Diseases; Tropical Medicine
PubMed: 31031249
DOI: 10.1684/mst.2019.0867 -
Annals of Global Health 2014
Topics: Chikungunya Fever; Dengue; Developing Countries; Global Health; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola; Humans; Neglected Diseases; Tropical Medicine; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
PubMed: 25960090
DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.1040 -
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology May 2019Infections are common during travel, and frontline physicians frequently must evaluate sick returned travelers. Sick travelers can be clinically challenging due to the... (Review)
Review
Infections are common during travel, and frontline physicians frequently must evaluate sick returned travelers. Sick travelers can be clinically challenging due to the wide range of endemic diseases in different geographic regions. To guide the diagnostic and treatment plan, consideration of endemic and emerging infections in the region of travel, as well as careful review of the travelers' exposures and preventative measures are necessary. Routine laboratory tests and cultures cannot confirm many tropical infections, and pathogen directed testing is typically required. Common tropical infections that can be severe, such as malaria, dengue, and enteric fever, should always be considered in the diagnostic evaluation. Providers should also be vigilant for rare but highly pathogenic emerging infections such as Ebola virus disease and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
Topics: Coronavirus Infections; Dengue; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola; Humans; Malaria; Travel; Tropical Medicine; Typhoid Fever
PubMed: 31072653
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2019.04.014 -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... Aug 2020International travel goes hand in hand with medical delivery to underserved communities. The global health care worker can be exposed to a wide range of infectious... (Review)
Review
International travel goes hand in hand with medical delivery to underserved communities. The global health care worker can be exposed to a wide range of infectious diseases during their global experiences. A pretravel risk assessment visit and all appropriate vaccinations and education must be performed. Universal practices of water safety, food safety, and insect avoidance will prevent most travel-related infections and complications. Region-specific vaccinations will further reduce illness risk. An understanding of common travel-related illness signs and symptoms is helpful. Emerging pathogens that can cause a pandemic should be understood to avoid health care worker infection and spread.
Topics: Humans; Pandemics; Surgeons; Travel; Travel-Related Illness; Tropical Medicine
PubMed: 32473858
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2020.05.001