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Comparative Medicine Mar 2023The common marmoset (), a New World NHP, has emerged as important animal model in multiple areas of translational biomedical research. The quality of translational...
The common marmoset (), a New World NHP, has emerged as important animal model in multiple areas of translational biomedical research. The quality of translational research in marmosets depends on early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of their spontaneous diseases. Here, we characterize an outbreak of infectious cholangiohepatitis that affected 7 adult common marmosets in a single building over a 10-mo period. Marmosets presented for acute onset of lethargy, dull mentation, weight loss, dehydration, hyporexia, and hypothermia. Blood chemistries at presentation revealed markedly elevated hepatic and biliary enzymes, but mild neutrophilia was detected in only 1 of the 7. Affected marmosets were unresponsive to rigorous treatment and died or were euthanized within 48 h of presentation. Gross and histopathologic examinations revealed severe, necrosuppurative cholangiohepatitis and proliferative cholecystitis with bacterial colonies and an absence of gallstones. Perimortem and postmortem cultures revealed single or dual isolates of and . Other postmortem findings included bile duct hyperplasia, periportal hepatitis, bile peritonitis, ulcerative gastroenteritis, and typhlitis. Environmental contamination of water supply equipment with spp. was identified as the source of infection, but pathogenesis remains unclear. This type of severe, infectious cholangiohepatitis with proliferative cholecystitis with spp. had not been reported previously in marmosets, and we identified and here describe several contributing factors in addition to contaminated drinking water.
PubMed: 36944497
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000075 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 2019Health problems can be thought of as phenotypic expressions of the complex relationships between genes, environments, and phenomes as a whole. Detailed evaluations of...
Health problems can be thought of as phenotypic expressions of the complex relationships between genes, environments, and phenomes as a whole. Detailed evaluations of phenotypic expressions of illness are required to characterize important biological outcomes. We hypothesized that classifying dairy calf mortality phenotypes via a systematic postmortem analysis would identify different cause-of-death diagnoses than those derived from treatments alone. This cross-sectional study was carried out on a dairy calf ranch in the northwestern United States from June to September 2017 and focused on calves ≤90 d of age. Comparisons were made between causes of death based on 3 levels of information: on-farm treatment records alone, necropsy-based postmortem analyses in addition to treatment records, and Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (WADDL) results in addition to all other information. A total of 210 dairy calves were necropsied during this study, of which 122 cases were submitted to WADDL. Necropsy- and WADDL-derived mortality phenotypes were in almost perfect agreement (Cohen's κ = 0.86) when broadly categorized as diarrhea, respiratory, diarrhea and respiratory combined, or other causes. The level of agreement between on-farm treatment records and postmortem-derived results was low and varied by the level of diagnostic detail provided. There was just fair agreement (κ = 0.22) between treatment-based and necropsy-based phenotypes without WADDL input and only slight agreement (κ = 0.13) between treatment-based and corresponding necropsy-based phenotypes with WADDL input. Even for those cases in which causes of death aligned along a comparable pathologic spectrum, the lack of detail inherent to standard treatment-based causes of death failed to identify meaningful target areas for intervention. This was especially apparent for numerous cases of necrotizing enteritis and typhlitis (cecal inflammation) that were variously categorized as diarrhea and pneumonia by treatment-based diagnoses. The specificity of these lesions stood in stark contrast to the otherwise generic cause of death diagnoses derived from treatments. The findings from this study supported the hypothesis and highlighted the value of on-farm necropsies and laboratory-based diagnostics to (1) detect antemortem disease misclassifications, (2) provide detail regarding disease processes and mortality phenotypes, and (3) direct disease mitigation strategies.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cause of Death; Cross-Sectional Studies; Farms; Female; Phenotype; Washington
PubMed: 30879809
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15527 -
Korean Journal of Radiology 2008Gastrointestinal system involvement is one of the principal complications seen in the recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and it is also a... (Review)
Review
Gastrointestinal system involvement is one of the principal complications seen in the recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and it is also a major cause of morbidity and death in these patients. The major gastrointestinal complications include typhlitis (neutropenic enterocolitis), pseudomembranous enterocolitis, viral enteritis, graft-versus-host disease, benign pneumatosis intestinalis, intestinal thrombotic microangiopathy, and post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease. As these patients present with nonspecific abdominal symptoms, evaluation with using such imaging modalities as ultrasonography and CT is essential in order to assess the extent of gastrointestinal involvement and to diagnose these complications. We present here a pictorial review of the imaging features and other factors involved in the diagnosis of these gastrointestinal complications in pediatric HSCT recipients.
Topics: Child; Diagnostic Imaging; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans
PubMed: 18838855
DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2008.9.5.449 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jul 2023Equine enterotyphlocolitis is an inflammatory process of the intestinal tract of horses that is associated with multiple etiologic agents and risk factors. Most clinical... (Review)
Review
Equine enterotyphlocolitis is an inflammatory process of the intestinal tract of horses that is associated with multiple etiologic agents and risk factors. Most clinical cases do not have an etiologic diagnosis. We describe here the pathogens detected and the histologic lesions found in horses with enterotyphlocolitis in Ontario that were submitted for postmortem examination, 2007-2019. We reviewed the medical records of 208 horses that fulfilled inclusion criteria. Cultures were positive in 67 of 208 (32%) equids for , in 16 of 208 (8%) for , and in 14 of 208 (7%) for spp.; 6 of 208 (3%) were positive for by PCR assay. One horse was positive in a PCR assay. All horses tested by PCR assay for equine coronavirus and were negative. The histologic lesions were characterized as follows: 6 of 208 (3%) enteritis, 5 of 208 (2%) typhlitis, 104 of 208 (50%) colitis, 37 of 208 (18%) enterocolitis, 45 of 208 (22%) typhlocolitis, and 11 of 208 (5%) enterotyphlocolitis. We strongly recommend standardized testing of diarrheic horses during and/or after postmortem examination, as well as standardized reporting of histologic lesions in enterotyphlocolitis cases.
Topics: Horses; Animals; Ontario; Retrospective Studies; Autopsy; Enterocolitis; Enteritis; Horse Diseases
PubMed: 37204051
DOI: 10.1177/10406387231176229 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022is a Gram-negative bacterium that typical results in enterocolitis in humans and poses significant worldwide risks to public health. An outbreak of yersiniosis in the...
is a Gram-negative bacterium that typical results in enterocolitis in humans and poses significant worldwide risks to public health. An outbreak of yersiniosis in the Vervet/African green monkey colony at the WFSM during the winter of 2015-2016 accounted for widespread systemic infection with high morbidity and mortality. Most of the cases had extensive necrosis with suppuration and large colonies of bacilli in the large bowel and associated lymph nodes; however, the small intestine, stomach, and other organs were also regularly affected. Positive cultures of were recovered from affected tissues in 20 of the 23 cases. Carrier animals in the colony were suspected as the source of the infection because many clinically normal animals were culture-positive during and after the outbreak. In this study, we describe the gross and histology findings and immune cell profiles in different organs of affected animals. We found increased numbers of myeloid-derived phagocytes and CD11C-positive antigen-presenting cells and fewer adaptive T and B lymphocytes, suggesting an immunocompromised state in these animals. The pathogen-mediated microenvironment may have contributed to the immunosuppression and rapid spread of the infection in the vervets. Further studies in vervets could provide a better understanding of -mediated pathogenesis and immunosuppression, which could be fundamental to understanding chronic and systemic inflammatory diseases in humans.
PubMed: 36504866
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.922961 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Feb 2020To determine incidences and underlying causes of fatal intestinal inflammatory lesions (FIILs) and demographic characteristics of affected equids necropsied at any of...
OBJECTIVE
To determine incidences and underlying causes of fatal intestinal inflammatory lesions (FIILs) and demographic characteristics of affected equids necropsied at any of the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory facilities between January 1, 1990, and April 16, 2013.
ANIMALS
710 equids with FIILs, including colitis, duodenitis, enteritis, enterocolitis, enteropathy, enterotyphlitis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, ileitis, jejunitis, typhlitis, or typhlocolitis, alone or in combination.
PROCEDURES
The medical records were reviewed, and data collected included animal age, sex, geographic origin, necropsy submission date, and breed, purpose, or characteristic of use. Descriptive statistics were compiled and reported as numbers and percentages.
RESULTS
Colitis (323/710 [45.5%]), enteritis (146/710 [20.6%]), and typhlocolitis (138/710 [19.4%]) were the most common FIILs, and the underlying cause of most FIILs was categorized as either undetermined (465/710 [65.5%]) or bacterial (167/710 [23.5%]). The most common bacteria responsible for FIILs were spp and spp.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results indicated that the underlying cause for most FIILs could not be identified; however, when it was identified, it was most commonly bacterial and typically spp or spp, which could be useful information for practitioners when evaluating and managing horses and other equids with intestinal distress. In addition, results underscored the need for improved diagnostic procedures and strategies to determine underlying causes of FIILs in equids. Knowledge of the most common FIILs and their underlying causes may help in diagnosing and mitigating intestinal disease in equids.
Topics: Animals; California; Enteritis; Equidae; Horse Diseases; Horses; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 31999521
DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.4.455 -
Biology of Blood and Marrow... Nov 2020Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Gut microbiota (GM) composition and metabolites provide...
Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Gut microbiota (GM) composition and metabolites provide colonization resistance against dominance of potential pathogens, and GM dysbiosis following HCT can be deleterious to immune reconstitution. Little is known about the composition, diversity, and evolution of GM communities in HCT patients and their association with subsequent febrile neutropenia (FN) and infection. Identification of markers before HCT that predict subsequent infection could be useful in developing individualized antimicrobial strategies. Fecal samples were collected prospectively from 33 HCT recipients at serial time points: baseline, post-conditioning regimen, neutropenia onset, FN onset (if present), and hematologic recovery. GM was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. FN and major infections (ie, bloodstream infection, typhlitis, invasive fungal infection, pneumonia, and Clostridium difficile enterocolitis) were identified. Significant shifts in GM composition and diversity were observed during HCT, with the largest alterations occurring after initiation of antibiotics. Loss of diversity persisted without a return to baseline at hematologic recovery. GM in patients with FN was enriched in Mogibacterium, Bacteroides fragilis, and Parabacteroides distasonis, whereas increased abundance of Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Blautia, and Collinsella was observed in patients without fever. A baseline protective GM profile (BPGMP) was predictive of protection from major infection. The BPGMP was associated with subsequent major infections with 77% accuracy and an area under the curve of 79%, with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 0.71, 0.91, 0.77, and 0.87, respectively. Our data show that large shifts in GM composition occur early after HCT, and differences in baseline GM composition are associated with the development of subsequent major infections.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 32717434
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.07.023 -
Veterinary Pathology Mar 2020. infections can cause typhlitis or typhlocolitis in many species, but there are no published studies about its pathology in cats. . infection in cats appears to be rare...
. infections can cause typhlitis or typhlocolitis in many species, but there are no published studies about its pathology in cats. . infection in cats appears to be rare in most parts of the world but is frequent in some tropical and subtropical regions. The purpose of this study was to describe intestinal lesions associated with natural infections in cats of St. Kitts, West Indies. Comprehensive autopsies, histopathological assessment of small and large intestine, and total worm counts were performed in a cross-sectional study of 30 consecutive feline mortalities. were found in 17 of 30 (57%; 95% confidence interval, 39%-74%) of the study cats with a median worm count of 11 (range, 1-170), indicating most cats had a low-intensity infection. infection was associated with typhlitis but not consistency of feces or body condition score. In most cats examined, the typhlitis was categorized as mild (10/15, 67%) and, less frequently, moderate (2/15, 13%) or marked (3/15, 20%). The inflammatory infiltrate varied from predominantly eosinophilic (5/15, 33%) to neutrophilic (4/15, 27%), a mixture of eosinophilic and neutrophilic (2/15, 13%), a mixture of neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic (1/15, 7%), or a mixture of eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and lymphoplasmacytic (3/15, 20%). In some cats, surface erosions and catarrhal exudate were adjacent to adult worms. These findings are similar to those reported with low-intensity infections in other species.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Prevalence; Trichuriasis; Trichuris; Typhlitis; West Indies
PubMed: 32105191
DOI: 10.1177/0300985819898894 -
Experimental Gerontology Dec 2015A deletion of a telomerase RNA component (Terc(-/-)) in C57BL/6 (B6) mice resulted in hematopoietic lineage skewing with increased neutrophils and CD11b(+) myeloid cells...
A deletion of a telomerase RNA component (Terc(-/-)) in C57BL/6 (B6) mice resulted in hematopoietic lineage skewing with increased neutrophils and CD11b(+) myeloid cells and decreased red blood cells and CD45R(+) B lymphocytes when animals reach ages older than 12 months. There was no decline in bone marrow (BM) c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+)Lin(-) (KSL) cells in old Terc(-/-) mice, and the lineage skewing phenomenon was not transferred when BM cells from old Terc(-/-) donors were transplanted into young B6 recipients. Necropsy and histological examinations found minimal to no change in the lung, spleen and liver but detected severe epithelia degeneration, ulceration and infection in small and large intestines, leading to enteritis, typhlitis and colitis in old Terc(-/-) mice. In a mouse model of dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced typhlitis and colitis, development of intestinal pathology was associated with increases in neutrophils and CD11b(+) myeloid cells and a decrease in CD45R(+) B cells, similar to those observed in old Terc(-/-) mice. Treatment of 11-13 month old Terc(-/-) mice with antibiotic trimethoprim-sulfa water reduced neutrophils and myeloid cells and increased B lymphocytes in the blood, indicating that mitigation of intestinal infection and inflammation could alleviate hematological abnormalities in old Terc(-/-) animals.
Topics: Aging; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Cell Lineage; Colitis; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Flow Cytometry; Intestinal Mucosa; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; RNA; Sequence Deletion; Telomerase; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
PubMed: 26523501
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.10.016 -
Medicina 2022A 40-year-old woman was scheduled to receive chemotherapy for a high-risk common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), diagnosed 10 months earlier in the wake of...
A 40-year-old woman was scheduled to receive chemotherapy for a high-risk common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), diagnosed 10 months earlier in the wake of lower limb bruising and petechiae, and metrorrhagia. At that time, she had thrombocytopenia and a normal transvaginal gynecological ultrasound. Upon admission, she complained of a 3-month history of incapacitating left groin pain radiated to the thigh, and right lower quadrant abdominal pain associated with diarrhea. On physical examination, she had tenderness in the right iliac fossa and a positive psoas sign on the left. Computerized scan of the abdomen and pelvis reported an image compatible with a left psoas abscess and signs of typhlitis. The biopsy of the left psoas muscle demonstrated infiltration by nests and cords of moderately differentiated keratinizing squamous carcinoma. Gynecological examination revealed macroscopic abnormalities of the cervix correlated with the same histopathological diagnosis. The second primary cancers most frequently associated with ALL are Hodgkin lymphoma, squamous skin cancer, endocrine tumors, kidney cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and breast cancer. Muscle metastases from solid tumors are rare, and usually arise from the lung, kidney, thyroid, and melanoma. Malignant psoas syndrome is caused by neoplastic infiltration of the muscle. The differential diagnosis should be made with a psoas abscess, which may arise from typhlitis if secondary. We have not been able to find records of cervical cancer as second primary cancer after ALL.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Psoas Abscess; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 35037873
DOI: No ID Found