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European Review For Medical and... Nov 2020The aim of this study was to explore the effects of oral and intestinal florae and serum inflammatory factors on the pathogenesis of oral cancer.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of oral and intestinal florae and serum inflammatory factors on the pathogenesis of oral cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Oral cancer patients and healthy subjects in our hospital were enrolled in disease group (n=50) and control group (n=50), respectively. Oral flora of subjects was collected using the sterile cotton swab. Microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. Subsequently, the feces were also collected from patients, and sent to the company for analysis of microbial composition via sequencing. In addition, the levels of serum inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, and IL-1β in disease group and control group were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS
The number of patients with a history of drinking (p=0.040) and betel nut chewing (p=0.000) in the disease group was larger than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. In terms of oral flora distribution, the ratios of dominant bacteria Staphylococcus and Rothia were 64% and 50% in disease group, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (24% and 18%) (p=0.023 and 0.034). In terms of intestinal flora distribution, the abundance of intestinal florae (Flavobacteriaceae, Sphingobacteriales, Rikenella, Pseudomonadales, Tetragenococcus and Acinetobacter) in the disease group was remarkably higher than that in the control group (p<0.05). However, the abundance of Vagococcus and Pediococcus in control group was significantly higher than that in the disease group (p<0.05). Among intestinal flora, Firmicutes exhibited a highly positive correlation with Bacteroides (r=0.341, p=0.023), and a highly negative correlation with Ruminococcus (r=-0.832, p=0.000). Bacteroides had a highly negative correlation with Lactobacillus (r=-0.763, p=0.000) and Enterococcus (r=-0.461, p=0.000). In disease group, the levels of TNF-α (p=0.021), IL-8 (p=0.000), and IL-1β (p=0.000) were evidently higher than those in the control group [(23.51±2.14) ng/L vs. (12.34±2.45) ng/L, (89.75±4.29) ng/L vs. (43.23±3.25) ng/L, (42.25±3.25) ng/L vs. (15.32±1.47) ng/L]. However, there was no statistically significant difference in IL-6 level between the two groups (p=0.217).
CONCLUSIONS
Oral and intestinal florae and serum inflammatory factors are associated with the pathogenesis of oral cancer.
Topics: Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Interleukins; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 33215425
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202011_23595 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Lipidic metabolites play essential roles in host physiological health and growth performance, serving as the major structural and signaling components of membranes,...
Lipidomics for Determining Giant Panda Responses in Serum and Feces Following Exposure to Different Amount of Bamboo Shoot Consumption: A First Step towards Lipidomic Atlas of Bamboo, Giant Panda Serum and Feces by Means of GC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS/MS.
Lipidic metabolites play essential roles in host physiological health and growth performance, serving as the major structural and signaling components of membranes, energy storage molecules, and steroid hormones. Bamboo, as wild giant pandas' exclusive diet, is the main determinant of giant pandas' lipidome, both as a direct source and through microbiota activity. Interestingly, the consumption of bamboo has attracted little attention from a lipidomic perspective. In the current study, we outline the lipidomic atlas of different parts of bamboo. By gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we have been able to obtain the absolute quantification of 35 fatty acids pertaining to short chain fatty acids (8), medium chain fatty acids (6), long chain fatty acids (17), and very long chain fatty acids (4), while liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) allowed us to obtain the relative quantification of another 1638 lipids. Among the fatty acids quantified in absolute terms, eight showed significantly distinct concentrations among different bamboo parts. Subsequently, we investigated how the giant panda's serum and fecal lipidome adapt to the most important annual change in their diet, represented by the consumption of high amounts of bamboo shoots, typical of spring, the weight-gaining season. Five fatty acids were significantly altered in feces and two in serum, respectively, due to the different levels of bamboo shoot consumption. Furthermore, significant differences of the main bacteria strains were observed in feces between the two groups at the genus level, pertaining to , , and Correlations between giant panda fecal microbiome and lipidome were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. These findings suggest that a balanced diet, important for the overall lipidomic function and giant panda health, could be reached even in this remarkable case of a single food-based diet, by administering to the giant panda's combinations of different parts of bamboo, with specific lipidome profiles.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fatty Acids; Feces; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hormones; Lipidomics; Lipids; Ursidae; Vegetables
PubMed: 36232846
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911544 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020The gut microbiota plays a key role in host health, and disruptions to gut bacterial homeostasis can cause disease. However, the effect of disease on gut microbiota...
The gut microbiota plays a key role in host health, and disruptions to gut bacterial homeostasis can cause disease. However, the effect of disease on gut microbiota assembly remains unclear and gut microbiota-based predictions of health status is a promising yet poorly established field. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, we compared the gut microbiota between healthy (HA and HB) and diarrhoeic (DS) groups and analyzed the functional profiles through a phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis. In addition, we estimated the correlation between gut microbiota structures and predicted the functional compositions. The results showed significant differences in the phylogenetic diversity (Pd), Shannon, and observed richness (Sobs) indices between the DS and HB groups, with significant differences observed in the gut microbiota composition between the DS group and the HA and HB groups. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) results revealed that Proteobacteria were significantly enriched in the DS group; Bacteroidetes were significantly enriched in the HA and HB groups; and , , , , , , , , and were significantly enriched in the DS group. Venn diagrams revealed that there were many more unique genera in the DS group than the HA and HB groups. Among 102 sensitive species selected using the indicator method, 33 indicated a healthy status and 69 (e.g., , , , , , , , and ) indicated a diseased status. There was a significant and positive association between the composition and functional composition of the gut microbiota, thus indicating low functional redundancy of the frog gut bacterial community. disease was associated with changes in the gut microbiota, which subsequently disrupted bacterial-mediated functions. The results of this study can aid in revealing the effect of the gut microbiota on host health and provide a basis for elucidating the mechanism of the occurrence of disease.
PubMed: 32983063
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02096 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 2000Data from four recent studies (S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:2164-2166, 1998; S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:818-823, 1996; S. H. Goh et al., J....
Identification of Enterococcus species and phenotypically similar Lactococcus and Vagococcus species by reverse checkerboard hybridization to chaperonin 60 gene sequences.
Data from four recent studies (S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:2164-2166, 1998; S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:818-823, 1996; S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:3116-3121, 1997; A. Y. C. Kwok et al., Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49:1181-1192, 1999) suggest that an approximately 600-bp region of the chaperonin 60 (Cpn60) gene, amplified by PCR with a single pair of degenerate primers, has utility as a potentially universal target for bacterial identification (ID). This Cpn60 gene ID method correctly identified isolates representative of numerous staphylococcal species and Streptococcus iniae, a human and animal pathogen. We report herein that this method enabled us to distinguish clearly between 17 Enterococcus species (Enterococcus asini, Enterococcus rattus, Enterococcus dispar, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus cecorum, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus malodoratus, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus pseudoavium, Enterococcus new sp. strain Facklam, and Enterococcus saccharolyticus), and Vagococcus fluvialis, Lactococcus lactis, and Lactococcus garvieae. From 123 blind-tested samples, only two discrepancies were observed between the Facklam and Collins phenotyping method (R. R. Facklam and M. D. Collins, J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:731-734, 1989) and the Cpn60 ID method. In each case, the discrepancies were resolved in favor of the Cpn60 ID method. The species distributions of the 123 blind-tested isolates were Enterococcus new sp. strain Facklam (ATCC 700913), 3; E. asini, 1; E. rattus, 4; E. dispar, 2; E. gallinarum, 20; E. hirae, 9; E. durans, 9; E. faecalis, 12; E. mundtii, 3; E. casseliflavus, 8; E. faecium, 25; E. malodoratus, 3; E. raffinosus, 8; E. avium, 4; E. pseudoavium, 1; an unknown Enterococcus clinical isolate, sp. strain R871; Vagococcus fluvialis, 4; Lactococcus garvieae, 3; Lactococcus lactis, 3; Leuconostoc sp., 1; and Pediococcus sp., 1. The Cpn60 gene ID method, coupled with reverse checkerboard hybridization, is an effective method for the identification of Enterococcus and related organisms.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Chaperonin 60; Enterococcus; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Lactococcus; Luminescent Measurements; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 11060051
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.11.3953-3959.2000 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023In this study, the quality (sensory evaluation, microbial enumerate, color, tvb-n (total volatile basic nitrogen), tca-soluble peptide (trichloroacetic acid-soluble...
In this study, the quality (sensory evaluation, microbial enumerate, color, tvb-n (total volatile basic nitrogen), tca-soluble peptide (trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptide), muscle glucose, lactate, total sugar, Bas (Biogenic amines), VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and the microbial dynamic structure in samples stored at 4 °C were evaluated, and the relationship between VOCs and the diversity structure of microorganisms was also discussed. It was determined by sensory evaluation that the shelf life of samples was around 8 days. Protein and sugar were detected in large quantities by microorganisms in the later stage. At the same time, this also caused a large amount of Bas (biogenic amines) (tyramine, cadaverine, and putrescine). According to high-throughput amplicon sequencing, the initial microbiota of samples was mainly composed of , , , , , , , and . Among them, was the most advantageous taxon of samples at the end of the shelf life. The minor fraction of the microbial consortium consisting of , and was detected. The substances 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone were the main volatile components. The glucose, lactic acid, and total sugar were negatively correlated with , , , and ; the proportion of these microorganisms was relatively high in the early stage. TVB-N and TCA-soluble peptides were positively correlated with , , , , and , and these microorganisms increased greatly in the later stage. The substance 3-methyl-1-butanol was positively correlated with and negatively correlated with . Ethyl acetate was associated with , and . Acetone was positively correlated with .
PubMed: 37444217
DOI: 10.3390/foods12132479 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 20225-Fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), and calcium folinate (CF) are widely used chemotherapeutic drugs to treat colorectal cancer. However,...
Chemotherapeutic Drugs Induce Different Gut Microbiota Disorder Pattern and NOD/RIP2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Activation That Lead to Different Degrees of Intestinal Injury.
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), and calcium folinate (CF) are widely used chemotherapeutic drugs to treat colorectal cancer. However, chemotherapeutic use is often accompanied by intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota disorder. Changes in gut microbiota may destroy the intestinal barrier, which contributes to the severity of intestinal injury. However, intestinal injury and gut microbiota disorder have yet to be compared among 5-FU, CPT-11, L-OHP, and CF in detail, thereby limiting the development of targeted detoxification therapy after chemotherapy. In this study, a model of chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury in tumor-bearing mice was established by intraperitoneally injecting chemotherapeutic drugs at a clinically equivalent dose. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect gut microbiota. We found that 5-FU, CPT-11, and l-OHP caused intestinal injury, inflammatory cytokine (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and IL-6) secretion, and gut microbiota disorder. We established a complex but clear network between the pattern of changes in gut microbiota and degree of intestinal damage induced by different chemotherapeutic drugs. L-OHP caused the most severe damage in the intestine and disorder of the gut microbiota and showed a considerable overlap of the pattern of changes in microbiota with 5-FU and CPT-11. Analysis by Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt v.1.0) showed that the microbiota disorder pattern induced by 5-FU, CPT-11, and L-OHP was related to the NOD-like signaling pathway. Therefore, we detected the protein expression of the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway and found that L-OHP most activated this pathway. Redundancy analysis/canonical correlation analysis (RDA/CCA) revealed that , , , , , , , Proteus, Escherichia , , , Streptococcus, and " Saccharimonas" were highly correlated with the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway and influenced by chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury limits the clinical use of drugs. Intestinal injury involves multiple signaling pathways and gut microbiota disruption. Our results suggested that the degree of intestinal injury caused by different drugs of the first-line colorectal chemotherapy regimen is related to the pattern of changes in microbiota. The activation of the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway was also related to the pattern of changes in microbiota. l-OHP caused the most severe damage to the intestine and showed a considerable overlap of the pattern of changes in microbiota with 5-FU and CPT-11. Thirteen bacterial genera were related to different levels of intestinal injury and correlated with the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB pathway. Here, we established a network of different chemotherapeutic drugs, gut microbiota, and the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study likely provided a new basis for further elucidating the mechanism and clinical treatment of intestinal injury caused by chemotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Antineoplastic Agents; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestinal Diseases; Irinotecan; NF-kappa B; Oxaliplatin; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 36222691
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01677-22 -
Microorganisms Jan 2022Chile has promoted the diversification of aquaculture and red cusk-eel () is one of the prioritized species. However, many aspects of the biology of the species are...
Chile has promoted the diversification of aquaculture and red cusk-eel () is one of the prioritized species. However, many aspects of the biology of the species are unknown or have little information available. These include intestinal microbiota, an element that may play an important role in the nutrition and defense of cultured animals for meat production. This study compares the microbiota composition of the intestinal contents of wild and aquaculture fish to explore the microbial communities present and their potential contribution to the host. DNA was extracted from the intestinal content samples and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Ion Torrent platform. After the examination of the sequences, strong differences were found in the composition at the level of phylum, being and the most abundant in aquaculture and wild condition, respectively. At the genus level, the (54%) and (97%) were the most prevalent in the microbial community of aquaculture and wild condition, respectively. The evaluation of predicted metabolic pathways in these metagenomes showed that in wild condition there is an important presence of lipid metabolism belonging to the unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. In the aquaculture condition, the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides were relevant. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize and compare the intestinal microbiota of red cusk-eel () of wild and aquaculture origin using high-throughput sequencing.
PubMed: 35056554
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010105 -
PeerJ 2022Although studies have shown that Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales are the main components of the microbial community in pit mud during the brewing of...
BACKGROUND
Although studies have shown that Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales are the main components of the microbial community in pit mud during the brewing of Luzhou-flavored liquor, little is known about the effect of brewing materials on spatial structures of this microbiome.
METHODS
High-throughput sequencing of the V4-V5 region of prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene was performed to analyze the microbial community diversity and spatial heterogeneity in Luzhou-flavored liquor pit muds with different brewing ingredients. The structural characteristics and heterogeneous spatial distribution of the pit mud microbial communities were examined using bioinformatics and multivariate statistical analysis methods.
RESULTS
Our results showed that Euryarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, Tenericutes, and WWE1 were the dominant phyla in the pit mud microbiome. The Shannon and Simpson indices of the pit mud microbiome with three grains (M3G) in the upper layer were significantly lower than those in middle layer and bottom, whereas those of the pit mud microbiome with five grains (M5G) in bottom were significantly lower than those in middle layer ( < 0.05). There were significant differences in the microbial community compositions between the pit muds with different brewing ingredients and locations in the same pit ( < 0.05). T78 of Anaerolinaceae, , , , , and vadinCA02 of Synergistaceae were significantly enriched in M3G, whereas , , , , , , , , , RFN20 of Erysipelotrichaceae, , 125ds10 of Alteromonadales, , and were significantly enriched in M5G. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the influence of brewing ingredients in pit muds on the production of Luzhou-flavored liquor and the specific influence of pit mud microorganisms in different locations on liquor production.
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fermentation; Bacteria; Alcoholic Beverages; Microbiota; Firmicutes; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 35282287
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12987 -
Journal of Cardiology Cases Oct 2019A 70-year-old male with a past history of coronary artery bypass grafting, presented with high-grade fever and rapidly progressive dyspnea for 3 days. He was febrile and...
A 70-year-old male with a past history of coronary artery bypass grafting, presented with high-grade fever and rapidly progressive dyspnea for 3 days. He was febrile and a prominent diastolic murmur was noted in the aortic area. Transesophageal echocardiography showed severe aortic regurgitation with multiple mobile vegetations attached to both supra- and infravalvular surfaces of aortic valve. Blood cultures grew which was confirmed with identification and antibiotic susceptibility test testing and S16 RNA sequencing. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve. Repeat blood culture was sterile. He was continued on vancomycin injections for a total period of six weeks. Vagococcus is a unique genus of Gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic cocci that was identified in 1989. The only other documented case of vagococcal endocarditis involving mitral and aortic valves had a similar rapidly progressive presentation with extensive valvular damage. infection appears to have fulminant course with sudden deterioration requiring surgical intervention. <: The objective in publishing this case report is multipronged. First is the rarity of the human infection by vagococci. The difficulty in accurate diagnosis of vagococcus from other lactobacilli. Vagococcus infection appears to have fulminant course with complete destruction of the valve involved, when compared to other lactobacilli. Therefore early and accurate diagnosis with surgical valvular replacement is the best way to manage this condition.>.
PubMed: 31969941
DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2019.07.001 -
Microorganisms Aug 2022Biofilm contamination in food production threatens food quality and safety, and causes bacterial infections. Study of food biofilms (BF) is of great importance. The...
Biofilm contamination in food production threatens food quality and safety, and causes bacterial infections. Study of food biofilms (BF) is of great importance. The taxonomic composition and structural organization of five foods BF taken in different workshops of a meat-processing plant (Moscow, RF) were studied. Samples were taken from the surface of technological equipment and premises. Metagenomic analysis showed both similarities in the presented microorganisms dominating in different samples, and unique families prevailing on certain objects were noted. The bacteria found belonged to 11 phyla (no archaea). The dominant ones were , , , and . The greatest diversity was in BFs taken from the cutting table of raw material. Biofilms' bacteria may be the cause of meat, fish and dairy products spoilage possible representatives include , , , , , , etc.). Opportunistic human and animal pathogens (possible representatives include , , , etc.) were also found. Electron-microscopic studies of BF thin sections revealed the following: (1) the diversity of cell morphotypes specific to multispecies BFs; (2) morphological similarity of cells in BFs from different samples, micro-colonial growth; (3) age heterogeneity of cells within the same microcolony (vegetative and autolyzed cells, resting forms); (4) heterogeneity of the polymer matrix chemical nature according to ruthenium red staining.
PubMed: 36014001
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081583