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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 1997This study presents phenotypic and genotypic data for seven isolates of Vagococcus fluvialis, including four strains recovered from human clinical sources, one strain...
This study presents phenotypic and genotypic data for seven isolates of Vagococcus fluvialis, including four strains recovered from human clinical sources, one strain isolated from an environmental source, and two strains isolated from pigs. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, most isolates were initially classified as "unidentified enterococci," because they resembled atypical arginine-negative enterococcal species. All seven strains as well as the type strain of V. fluvialis reacted with the AccuProbe Enterococcus genetic probe. The seven isolates had virtually indistinguishable whole-cell protein profiles that were similar to that of the V. fluvialis type strain and distinct from those of Enterococcus and Lactococcus species. DNA-DNA reassociation experiments confirmed that the strains were V. fluvialis. They were 71% or more related to the V. fluvialis type strain under optimum and stringent conditions, with 2.5% or less divergence within related sequences. All strains were susceptible to ampicillin, cefotaxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin and were resistant to clindamycin, lomefloxacin, and ofloxacin. Strain-to-strain variation was observed in relation to susceptibilities to 18 other antimicrobial agents. Chromosomal DNA was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion with SmaI. Distinctive PFGE patterns were generated, suggesting the nonclonal nature of V. fluvialis strains. Although the number of strains was small, this report provides molecular characterization of V. fluvialis and the first evidence of a possible connection of this species with human infections.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chromosomes, Bacterial; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Enterococcus; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Humans; Lactococcus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Swine; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 9350732
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.11.2778-2781.1997 -
PeerJ 2024Disease outbreaks negatively affect fish production. Antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of diseases become ineffective over time because of antibiotic resistance...
Disease outbreaks negatively affect fish production. Antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of diseases become ineffective over time because of antibiotic resistance developed by bacteria distributed in the aquaculture environment. This study was conducted for 4 months (cold period) in a fish farm to detect the fish disease, cold water streptococcosis. In the study, four brood stock showing disease signs were detected. Bacteria isolates were obtained and identified as . Antimicrobial susceptibility of was tested and antibiotic resistance gene profiles of isolates were screened. The phylogenetic relation of the isolates with the previously reported strains was evaluated. Antibiotic resistance developed by pathogenic bacteria is distributed in the aquaculture environment. The transfer of resistance genes from one bacterium to another is very common. This situation causes the antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of diseases to become ineffective over time. The disc diffusion test showed that all four isolates developed resistance to 13 (FFC30, AX25, C30, E15, CF30, L2, OX1, S10, T30, CRO30, CC2, PT15 and TY15) of the evaluated antibiotics and were about to develop resistance to six others (AM 10, FM 300, CFP75, SXT25, APR15 and TE30). Furthermore, antibiotic resistance genes , , , , , and were detected in the isolated strain. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis showed that isolated strain (ESN1) was closely related to the bacterial strains isolated from USA and Jura.
Topics: Animals; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Phylogeny; Enterococcaceae; Gram-Positive Cocci; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38560471
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17194 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Smoked horsemeat sausage is a famous fermented traditional food in Xinjiang, China. However, the microbial diversity and its potential contributions to the flavor...
Smoked horsemeat sausage is a famous fermented traditional food in Xinjiang, China. However, the microbial diversity and its potential contributions to the flavor components of smoked horsemeat sausage are unclear. In this study, the microbial community and flavor components of smoked horsemeat sausage from six regions of Xinjiang were measured by using amplicon sequencing and headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technology, respectively. Relations among microbial communities, flavor components and environmental factors were subsequently predicted based on redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo permutation tests. Although smoked horsemeat sausage samples from different regions possessed distinct microbial communities, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were identified as the dominant consortium in smoked horsemeat sausage. , , , and were detected at high abundance in different sausages. The moisture content, nitrite content, and pH of the sausage might be important factors influencing the dominant bacterial community, according to the RDA. Among the dominant consortia, the eight core bacterial genera showed considerable correlations with the formation of sixteen volatile compounds in smoked horsemeat sausage based on multivariate statistical analysis. For example, the levels of and were positively correlated with those of 1-hexadecanol, hexyl acetate, 2-methyl-phenol, 1-pentanol, d-limonene, and 2-heptanone, and the levels of , , and were negatively correlated with those of 1-octanol, acetic acid, octanal, heptanal, and 1-hexanol. This study will provide a theoretical basis for understanding the microbial metabolic modes of Xinjiang smoked horsemeat sausages.
PubMed: 35966695
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.942932 -
Parasites & Vectors Dec 2021As a pervasive insect that transmits a variety of pathogens to humans and animals, the housefly has abundant and diverse microbial communities in its intestines. These...
BACKGROUND
As a pervasive insect that transmits a variety of pathogens to humans and animals, the housefly has abundant and diverse microbial communities in its intestines. These gut microbes play an important role in the biology of insects and form a symbiotic relationship with the host insect. Alterations in the structure of the gut microbial community would affect larval development. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism regulating the influence of specific bacteria on the development of housefly larvae.
METHODS
For this study we selected the intestinal symbiotic bacterium Enterobacter hormaechei, which is beneficial to the growth and development of housefly larvae, and used it as a probiotic supplement in larval feed. 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to explore the effect of E. hormaechei on the intestinal flora of housefly larvae, and plate confrontation experiments were performed to study the interaction between E. hormaechei and intestinal microorganisms.
RESULTS
The composition of the gut microflora of the larvae changed after the larvae were fed E. hormaechei, with the abundance of Pseudochrobactrum, Enterobacter and Vagococcus increasing and that of Klebsiella and Bacillus decreasing. Analysis of the structure and interaction of larval intestinal flora revealed that E. hormaechei inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Providencia stuartii and Providencia vermicola, and promoted the reproduction of beneficial bacteria.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study has explored the influence of specific beneficial bacteria on the intestinal flora of houseflies. The results of this study reveal the important role played by specific beneficial bacteria on the development of housefly larvae and provide insight for the development of sustained biological agents for housefly control through interference of gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Enterobacter; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Houseflies; Humans; Intestines; Larva; Male; Probiotics; Symbiosis
PubMed: 34876203
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05053-1 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has gradually become the primary cause of fatty liver disease. Betel nuts have been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases....
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has gradually become the primary cause of fatty liver disease. Betel nuts have been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. In the present study, we analyzed the pathology, serology, gut flora, and metabolites in a rat model of NAFLD, with and without betel nut alkaloid treatment, using an integrated approach involving pathology, serological testing, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics. Two rats were used for model validation. Thirty SD rats were included and divided into the normal group (C group), NAFLD model group (M group), low-dose group, medium-dose group (T group), and high-dose group with intraperitoneal injection of arecoline. The expression of blood lipids was significantly downregulated at all three arecoline concentrations ( < 0.05). Alpha-diversity analysis of the intestinal flora showed significant differences among the three groups, with a significant reduction in population diversity in the M group and a recovery of population diversity after arecoline treatment. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of was significantly higher in the T group and in the M group. The KEGG metabolic pathways included polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Thirty-three significantly different metabolites were identified among the groups. Significantly different metabolites between groups T and M included indolepyruvate, 2-deoxystreptamine, sakuranetin, glycyl-leucine, and riboflavin. The KEGG metabolic pathway suggested a potential role for arachidonic acid metabolism, serotonergic synapses, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, tyrosine metabolism, and regiomelanin. Vitamin digestion and absorption, as well as regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, were the main metabolic pathways that distinguished the T vs. M groups. PGE2 is involved in several metabolic pathways. Correlation analysis showed that 29 bacterial species were significantly associated with PGE2 levels in the M and T groups. , , , unidentified , unidentified , and five other bacterial groups are unique in the PGE2 metabolic pathway regulated by arecoline. Arecoline has lipid-lowering effects and may exert therapeutic effects in NAFLD through intestinal metabolites and intestinal flora, as well as through the //-COX2/PGE2 pathway. Thus, arecoline may represent a potential drug or target for NAFLD treatment.
PubMed: 37050898
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1132026 -
Genome Announcements Jan 2017The genome of Vagococcus teuberi DSM 21459, a strain isolated from Malian fermented milk, was sequenced using single-molecule real-time sequencing. The genome of...
The genome of Vagococcus teuberi DSM 21459, a strain isolated from Malian fermented milk, was sequenced using single-molecule real-time sequencing. The genome of V. teuberi DSM 21459 is the first sequenced genome of this novel species and the second genome among the genus Vagococcus.
PubMed: 28126942
DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01514-16 -
European Review For Medical and... Dec 2020The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) complicated by cerebral infarction and intestinal...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) complicated by cerebral infarction and intestinal flora, inflammatory factors, homocysteine, and adiponectin expression.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 30 healthy volunteers (control group), 28 patients with simple cerebral infarction (cerebral infarction group) and 28 patients with OSAHS complicated by cerebral infarction (OSAHS + cerebral infarction group) were enrolled as research objects. The fecal bacterial DNA of research objects was extracted and subject to 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing. Furthermore, the levels of inflammatory factors, homocysteine and adiponectin in the peripheral blood were detected.
RESULTS
Compared with control group, cerebral infarction group exhibited significantly higher levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β), IL-1β and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.05). However, the levels of TNF-β, IL-1β and CRP in OSAHS + cerebral infarction group were notably higher than those in cerebral infarction group (p<0.05). The levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were remarkably higher in cerebral infarction group than those in the control group (p<0.05). However, they were significantly higher in OSAHS + cerebral infarction group than cerebral infarction group (p<0.05). Compared with control group, cerebral infarction group exerted a noticeably higher level of homocysteine (p<0.05). However, homocysteine level was markedly higher in OSAHS + cerebral infarction group than that in cerebral infarction group (p<0.05). Adiponectin level was significantly lower in cerebral infarction group than that in the control group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, it was evidently lower in OSAHS + cerebral infarction group than that in the cerebral infarction group (p<0.05). Control group had the highest abundance of Actinobacteria, and cerebral infarction group exhibited the highest abundance of Coriobacteriales, Vagococcus, Sphingobacteriales and Adlercreutzia. However, OSAHS + cerebral infarction group exhibited the highest abundance of Bifidobacterium, Parascardovia, Metascardovia and Anaerostipes caccae. There was a strong positive correlation between Proteobacterium and Ruminococcus (r=0.9, p=0.000) and between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (r=0.72, p=0.004). However, there was a significant negative correlation between Firmicutes and Enterobacteriales (r=-0.45, p=0.009).
CONCLUSIONS
OSAHS complicated by cerebral infarction is significantly associated with intestinal flora, inflammatory factors, homocysteine and adiponectin expression.
Topics: Adiponectin; C-Reactive Protein; Cerebral Infarction; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Homocysteine; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-4; Lymphotoxin-alpha; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 33378050
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24204 -
Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam,... Mar 2021Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from freshwater fish (hatcheries and captures) from Paraná river (Argentina) were analyzed by using culture-dependent approaches....
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from freshwater fish (hatcheries and captures) from Paraná river (Argentina) were analyzed by using culture-dependent approaches. The species belonging to (.) , . , . , . and (.) were identify as predominant by RAPD-PCR and 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. (H-17, S-30, B-42 and S-44) grew in raw fish extract and slightly reduced the medium pH (5.81-5.91). These strains exhibited moderate fish sarcoplasmic protein degradation (≤ 73 %) releasing small peptides and free amino acids, being alanine, glycine, asparagine and arginine concentrations increased in a higher extent (17.84, 1.47, 1.26 and 0.47 mg/100 mL, respectively) by S-44 strain at 96 h incubation. Interestingly H-17 was able to inhibit Results suggest that these strains would contribute to the development of new safe and healthy fishery products with improved nutritional and sensory characteristics.
PubMed: 33489790
DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00589 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020The Atlantic horseshoe crab () is a common marine aquarium species and model organism for research. There is potential monetary and conservation value in developing a...
The Atlantic horseshoe crab () is a common marine aquarium species and model organism for research. There is potential monetary and conservation value in developing a stable captive population of horseshoe crabs, however, one major impediment to achieving captivity is a lack of knowledge regarding captive diseases. We utilized 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to track changes in the microbiomes of four body locations in three wild-caught (tracked over 14 months in captivity) and three tank-acclimated (>2 years in captivity) adult in a touch tank at Shark Reef Aquarium at Mandalay Bay in Las Vegas, NV. The wild population hosted diverse and distinct microbiomes on the carapace (260 ± 96 amplicon sequence variants or ASVs), cloaca (345 ± 77 ASVs), gills (309 ± 36 ASVs), and oral cavity (359 ± 37 ASVs), which were dominated by classes , , and . A rapid decline in richness across all body locations was observed within 1 month of captivity, with tank-acclimated (>2 years) animals having <5% of the initial microbiome richness and a nearly completely restructured microbial community. Tank-acclimated horseshoe crabs possessed distinct microbiomes that were highly uneven and low in species richness on the carapace (31 ± 7 ASVs), cloaca (53 ± 19 ASVs), gills (17 ± 2 ASVs), and oral cavity (31 ± 13 ASVs). The carapace, oral cavity, and gills of the tank-acclimated animals hosted abundant populations of (>60%) and (>20%), both of which are known opportunistic pathogens of aquatic animals and can express chitinases, providing a plausible mechanism for the development of the carapace lesion pathology observed in this and other studies. The cloaca of the tank-acclimated animals was slightly more diverse than the other body locations with , , , and dominating the community. These results provide an important baseline on the microbiomes of both wild and tank-acclimated horseshoe crabs and underscore the need to continue to investigate how native microbial populations may protect animals from pathogens.
PubMed: 32765431
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01398 -
Environmental Research Feb 2023The disposal of healthcare waste without prior elimination of pathogens and hazardous contaminants has negative effects on the environment and public health. This study...
Evaluation of pre-treated healthcare wastes during COVID-19 pandemic reveals pathogenic microbiota, antibiotics residues, and antibiotic resistance genes against beta-lactams.
The disposal of healthcare waste without prior elimination of pathogens and hazardous contaminants has negative effects on the environment and public health. This study aimed to profile the complete microbial community and correlate it with the antibiotic compounds identified in microwave pre-treated healthcare wastes collected from three different waste operators in Peninsular Malaysia. The bacterial and fungal compositions were determined via amplicon sequencing by targeting the full-length 16S rRNA gene and partial 18S with full-length ITS1-ITS2 regions, respectively. The antibiotic compounds were characterized using high-throughput spectrometry. There was significant variation in bacterial and fungal composition in three groups of samples, with alpha- (p-value = 0.04) and beta-diversity (p-values <0.006 and < 0.002), respectively. FC samples were found to acquire more pathogenic microorganisms than FA and FV samples. Paenibacillus and unclassified Bacilli genera were shared among three groups of samples, meanwhile, antibiotic-resistant bacteria Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis were found in modest quantities. A total of 19 antibiotic compounds were discovered and linked with the microbial abundance detected in the healthcare waste samples. The principal component analysis demonstrated a positive antibiotic-bacteria correlation for genera Pseudomonas, Aerococcus, Comamonas, and Vagococcus, while the other bacteria were negatively linked with antibiotics. Nevertheless, deep bioinformatic analysis confirmed the presence of bla and penP which are associated with the production of class A beta-lactamase and beta-lactam resistance pathways. Microorganisms and contaminants, which serve as putative indicators in healthcare waste treatment evaluation revealed the ineffectiveness of microbial inactivation using the microwave sterilization method. Our findings suggested that the occurrence of clinically relevant microorganisms, antibiotic contaminants, and associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) represent environmental and human health hazards when released into landfills via ARGs transmission.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactams; Genes, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Pandemics; COVID-19; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Microbiota
PubMed: 36565841
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115139