-
Digestive Surgery 2016Vagus nerve injury (VNI) is a feared complication of antireflux surgery (ARS). The impact of VNI on the functional outcomes of ARS has not yet been evaluated... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Vagus nerve injury (VNI) is a feared complication of antireflux surgery (ARS). The impact of VNI on the functional outcomes of ARS has not yet been evaluated systematically. The aim of this review was to evaluate the impact of VNI on functional and clinical outcome of ARS.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed until March 2015, using the following online databases: MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Clinical Trials. Eight studies remained available for assessment. Articles were divided into 2 groups: (a) one with unintended, accidental VNI and (b) one group comparing ARS with and without intended vagotomy.
RESULTS
The prevalence of unintended, accidental VNI ranged from 10 to 42% after ARS. No clear differences were seen in outcome for reflux control between the VNI and vagus nerve intact group. A higher prevalence of diarrhea, nausea and vomiting was observed in the VNI group.
CONCLUSION
VNI is a feared but neglected complication of ARS. Larger prospective studies that objectively assess vagus nerve integrity before and after ARS are needed.
Topics: Diarrhea; Gastric Emptying; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Nausea; Postoperative Complications; Prevalence; Treatment Outcome; Vagotomy; Vagus Nerve Injuries; Vomiting
PubMed: 26990200
DOI: 10.1159/000444147 -
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 2023In the central nervous system, long‑term effects of a vagotomy include disturbance of monoaminergic activity of the limbic system. Since low vagal activity is observed...
In the central nervous system, long‑term effects of a vagotomy include disturbance of monoaminergic activity of the limbic system. Since low vagal activity is observed in major depression and autism spectrum disorder, the study aimed to determine whether animals fully recovered after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy demonstrates neurochemical indicators of altered well‑being and social component of sickness behavior. Bilateral vagotomy or sham surgery was performed in adult rats. After one month of recovery, rats were challenged with lipopolysaccharide or vehicle to determine the role of central signaling upon sickness. Striatal monoamines and met‑enkephalin concentrations were evaluated using HPLC and RIA methods. We also defined a concentration of immune‑derived plasma met‑enkephalin to establish a long‑term effect of vagotomy on peripheral analgesic mechanisms. The data indicate that 30 days after vagotomy procedure, striatal dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and enkephalinergic neurochemistry was altered, both under physiological and inflammatory conditions. Vagotomy prevented inflammation‑induced increases of plasma met‑enkephalin - an opioid analgesic. Our data suggest that in a long perspective, vagotomized rats may be more sensitive to pain and social stimuli during peripheral inflammation.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Enkephalin, Methionine; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Vagotomy; Vagus Nerve; Inflammation; Amines
PubMed: 37078817
DOI: 10.55782/ane-2023-009 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 1994Dragstedt believed that basal hypersecretion of gastric acid was the root cause of duodenal ulcer, that the hypersecretion was due to an increased vagal stimulation, and... (Review)
Review
Dragstedt believed that basal hypersecretion of gastric acid was the root cause of duodenal ulcer, that the hypersecretion was due to an increased vagal stimulation, and that vagotomy would therefore cure duodenal ulcer. He introduced vagotomy and demonstrated that the operation was successful in curing most patients of their duodenal ulcers. This article reviews how further research in the succeeding half century has demonstrated that it is the effect of vagotomy on stimulated, rather than upon basal secretion that cures duodenal ulcer and that the apparent basal hypersecretion of patients with duodenal ulcer is due to an increased parietal cell mass. The article points out that there is no convincing explanation as yet of the mechanism whereby vagotomy reduces histamine-stimulated gastric secretion.
Topics: Duodenal Ulcer; Gastric Acid; Humans; Vagotomy
PubMed: 7502527
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Jul 2010Previous models have attributed changes in respiratory modulation of pontine neurons after vagotomy to a loss of pulmonary stretch receptor "gating" of an efference copy...
Previous models have attributed changes in respiratory modulation of pontine neurons after vagotomy to a loss of pulmonary stretch receptor "gating" of an efference copy of inspiratory drive. Recently, our group confirmed that pontine neurons change firing patterns and become more respiratory modulated after vagotomy, although average peak and mean firing rates of the sample did not increase (Dick et al., J Physiol 586: 4265-4282, 2008). Because raphé neurons are also elements of the brain stem respiratory network, we tested the hypotheses that after vagotomy raphé neurons have increased respiratory modulation and that alterations in their firing patterns are similar to those seen for pontine neurons during withheld lung inflation. Raphé and pontine neurons were recorded simultaneously before and after vagotomy in decerebrated cats. Before vagotomy, 14% of 95 raphé neurons had increased activity during single respiratory cycles prolonged by withholding lung inflation; 13% exhibited decreased activity. After vagotomy, the average index of respiratory modulation (eta(2)) increased (0.05 +/- 0.10 to 0.12 +/- 0.18 SD; Student's paired t-test, P < 0.01). Time series and frequency domain analyses identified pontine and raphé neuron firing rate modulations with a 0.1-Hz rhythm coherent with blood pressure Mayer waves. These "Mayer wave-related oscillations" (MWROs) were coupled with central respiratory drive and became synchronized with the central respiratory rhythm after vagotomy (7 of 10 animals). Cross-correlation analysis identified functional connectivity in 52 of 360 pairs of neurons with MWROs. Collectively, the results suggest that a distributed network participates in the generation of MWROs and in the coordination of respiratory and vasomotor rhythms.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Male; Neurons; Periodicity; Pons; Raphe Nuclei; Respiration; Vagotomy
PubMed: 20360432
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01324.2009 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia... 2021Gastrointestinal disorders are frequently reported in patients with Parkinson's disease whose disorders reduce the absorption of nutrients and drugs, worsening the...
BACKGROUND
Gastrointestinal disorders are frequently reported in patients with Parkinson's disease whose disorders reduce the absorption of nutrients and drugs, worsening the clinical condition of patients. However, the mechanisms involved in modifying gastrointestinal pathophysiology have not yet been fully explained.
AIM
To evaluate its effects on gastrointestinal motility and the involvement of the vagal and splanchnic pathways.
METHODS
Male Wistar rats (250-300 g, n = 84) were used and divided into two groups. Group I (6-OHDA) received an intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (21 µg/animal). Group II (control) received a saline solution (NaCl, 0.9%) under the same conditions. The study of gastric emptying, intestinal transit, gastric compliance and operations (vagotomy and splanchnotomy) were performed 14 days after inducing neurodegeneration. Test meal (phenol red 5% glucose) was used to assess the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal transit.
RESULTS
Parkinson's disease delayed gastric emptying and intestinal transit at all time periods studied; however, changes in gastric compliance were not observed. The delay in gastric emptying was reversed by pretreatment with vagotomy and splanchnotomy+celiac gangliectomy, thus suggesting the involvement of such pathways in the observed motor disorders.
CONCLUSION
Parkinson's disease compromises gastric emptying, as well as intestinal transit, but does not alter gastric compliance. The delay in gastric emptying was reversed by truncal vagotomy, splanchnotomy and celiac ganglionectomy, suggesting the involvement of such pathways in delaying gastric emptying.
Topics: Animals; Gastric Emptying; Gastrointestinal Motility; Gastrointestinal Transit; Humans; Male; Parkinson Disease; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vagotomy
PubMed: 33470378
DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020200003e1548 -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Nov 1993
Topics: Humans; Laparoscopy; Vagotomy
PubMed: 8285553
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jan 1972
Topics: Duodenal Ulcer; Humans; Recurrence; Vagotomy
PubMed: 5007855
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5793.179-a -
British Medical Journal Feb 1970
Topics: Celiac Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; Duodenal Ulcer; Gastroenterostomy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pyloric Stenosis; Vagotomy
PubMed: 5434662
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5693.412 -
British Medical Journal Jul 1971
Topics: Adult; Diarrhea; Duodenal Ulcer; Gastric Fistula; Humans; Ileum; Intestinal Fistula; Male; Vagotomy
PubMed: 5559052
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5768.247 -
British Medical Journal Mar 1968
Topics: Diarrhea; Gastric Juice; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Vagotomy
PubMed: 5641501
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5595.840-b