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Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2021Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) infection is rare but potentially fatal. This study explored new atypical manifestations and prognostic factors of V....
Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) infection is rare but potentially fatal. This study explored new atypical manifestations and prognostic factors of V. vulnificus-infected patients during hospitalization. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 33 patients diagnosed with V. vulnificus infection in Guangdong Province, China between 2010 and 2020. Multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. The new atypical manifestations included cholangitis, urinary tract infection, and suppurative otitis media. Eleven of the 33 (33.3%) V. vulnificus-infected patients eventually died. Univariate analysis showed that patients with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, lower platelet counts, and higher levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin (PCT) had statistically higher mortality. However, multivariate analysis showed that only the PCT level (P = 0.036) was statistically significant. In addition, the area under the ROC value estimate for PCT was 0.8816 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.759-1.000; P = 0.0009). More than half of the patients with V. vulnificus infection died when PCT was > 20 ng/mL, while no patient died when PCT was ≤ 20 ng/mL. This study found new atypical manifestations of V. vulnificus infection. In addition, PCT was an effective and independent predictor of mortality in patients with V. vulnificus infection, allowing clinicians to conduct early risk stratification and determine the best therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; ROC Curve; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 33952769
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2020.843 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jun 2017Infections with Vibrio vulnificus are commonly fatal, and the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment is directly linked to mortality. The main aims of this study...
OBJECTIVES
Infections with Vibrio vulnificus are commonly fatal, and the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment is directly linked to mortality. The main aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of six patients with V. vulnificus infections retrospectively and to determine the effect of treatment with tigecycline (TGC) alone compared with doxycycline plus ceftazidime (DOX/CAZ).
METHODS
The medical records of patients were reviewed. The species-specific and pathogenic gene markers were detected by PCR, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed. Furthermore, the effects of TGC and of DOX/CAZ were determined using time-kill assays.
RESULTS
MLST revealed six different sequence types and five of them were novel. The complete clinical pattern (vcg type C, CPS operon allele 1, 16S-rRNA type B) was found in one strain and the others had a mixed pattern. The lesion was mainly located at the distal end of the extremities and the most common clinical symptoms were fever, pain, erythema, and local swelling. The in vitro time-kill assay indicated that TGC monotherapy at a concentration of 0.1mg/l had a rapid bactericidal effect against the six tested V. vulnificus strains at 24h.
CONCLUSIONS
TGC alone might be a better potential therapeutic option than the traditional combination of DOX/CAZ against V. vulnificus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 28347850
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.03.017 -
Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang... Feb 2009To review currently available evidence on the epidemiology and methods of management for necrotising fasciitis, with particular reference to Hong Kong. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review currently available evidence on the epidemiology and methods of management for necrotising fasciitis, with particular reference to Hong Kong.
DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION
Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane Library searches of local and internationally published English language journals, from 1990 to July 2008 using the terms 'necrotising fasciitis', 'Hong Kong', 'diagnosis', 'epidemiology', 'vibrio', 'streptococci', 'clostridia', and 'management'.
DATA EXTRACTION
All articles involving necrotising fasciitis in Hong Kong were included in the review.
DATA SYNTHESIS
The incidence of necrotising fasciitis in Hong Kong and around the world has been increasing. This rapidly progressive infection is a major cause of concern, due to its high morbidity and mortality. Up to 93% of affected patients at our hospital were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and many still died from septic complications, such as pneumonia and multi-organ failure. Radical debridements in the form of amputations and disarticulations were considered vital in 46% of the patients. Early recognition and treatment remain the most important factors influencing survival. Yet, early diagnosis of the condition is difficult due to its similarities with many other soft tissue disorders such as cellulitis. Repeated surgical debridement or incisional drainage continues to be essential for the survival of sufferers from necrotising fasciitis. Many authorities have reported that carrying out the first fasciotomy and radical debridement within 24 hours of symptom onset was associated with significantly improved survival, which also emphasises the importance of early diagnosis.
CONCLUSION
Clinicians must adopt a high index of suspicion for necrotising fasciitis. Empirical antibiotics must be started early and repeated physical examinations should be performed, while maintaining a low threshold for tissue biopsy and surgery. The timing of the first fasciotomy and radical debridement within a window of 24 hours from symptom onset is associated with significantly improved survival.
Topics: Aeromonas; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Comorbidity; Debridement; Early Diagnosis; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods; Hong Kong; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Risk Factors; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 19197096
DOI: No ID Found -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Dec 2022Noncholera vibriosis is a rare, opportunistic bacterial infection caused by Vibrio spp. other than V. cholerae O1/O139 and diagnosed mainly during the hot summer months... (Review)
Review
Noncholera vibriosis is a rare, opportunistic bacterial infection caused by Vibrio spp. other than V. cholerae O1/O139 and diagnosed mainly during the hot summer months in patients after seaside activities. Detailed knowledge of circulating pathogenic strains and heterogeneities in infection outcomes and disease dynamics may help in patient management. We conducted a multicenter case-series study documenting Vibrio infections in 67 patients from 8 hospitals in the Bay of Biscay, France, over a 19-year period. Infections were mainly caused by V. alginolyticus (34%), V. parahaemolyticus (30%), non-O1/O139 V. cholerae (15%), and V. vulnificus (10%). Drug-susceptibility testing revealed intermediate and resistant strains to penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins. The acute infections (e.g., those involving digestive disorder, cellulitis, osteitis, pneumonia, and endocarditis) led to a life-threatening event (septic shock), amputation, or death in 36% of patients. Physicians may need to add vibriosis to their list of infections to assess in patients with associated risk factors.
Topics: Humans; Bays; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio; Penicillins; Multicenter Studies as Topic
PubMed: 36418019
DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.220748 -
Epidemiology and Infection Nov 2014Consumption of seafood contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes foodborne infections, which are on the rise owing to increased consumption of raw seafood in... (Review)
Review
Consumption of seafood contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes foodborne infections, which are on the rise owing to increased consumption of raw seafood in Asia, Europe, North America, and other regions. V. parahaemolyticus infections have been common in Japan since the 1960s. Following an epidemic in 1997, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare instituted regulations for seafood in 1999, which appear to be reducing V. parahaemolyticus infections. In this review, we describe the scientific findings for these regulations. Analyses of the V. parahaemolyticus serotypes and isolate characteristics in samples from infected patients and contaminated seafood are discussed. In addition, based on the results of a survey, we show that new food safety regulations have led to improvements in food hygiene at many seafood retail shops, food service facilities, and restaurants. This example from Japan could be of immense help to control foodborne infections in other countries.
Topics: Female; Food Contamination; Food Safety; Humans; Japan; Male; Seafood; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 25078437
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268814001897 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Aug 2004Residents in Taiwan are often exposed to marine microorganisms through seafood and occupational exposure. The number of reported cases of infection attributable to this... (Review)
Review
Residents in Taiwan are often exposed to marine microorganisms through seafood and occupational exposure. The number of reported cases of infection attributable to this organism has increased since the first case was reported in 1985. The increasing number of cases may be caused by greater disease activity or improved recognition by clinicians or laboratory workers. We analyze a clinical-case series of 84 patients with Vibrio vulnificus infection from 1995 to 2000 and describe the molecular epidemiologic features of pathogens isolated from these patients. The spectrum of clinical manifestations and outcomes, options of antimicrobial therapy, and virulence mechanisms were investigated. Results of molecular typing of isolates from humans and marine environment in this country had a high genetic divergence among these isolates. Education and measures are needed to prevent this emerging disease.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Epidemiology; Prevalence; Taiwan; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Virulence
PubMed: 15496235
DOI: 10.3201/eid1008.040047 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Global ocean warming results in an increase of infectious diseases including an elevated emergence of spp. in Northern Europe. The European Centre for Disease...
Global ocean warming results in an increase of infectious diseases including an elevated emergence of spp. in Northern Europe. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reported annual periods of high to very high risks of infection with spp. during summer months along the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts. Based on those facts, the risk of infections associated with recreational bathing in European coastal waters increases. To obtain an overview of the seasonal and spatial distribution of potentially human pathogenic spp. at German coasts, this study monitored , , and at seven recreational bathing areas from 2017 to 2018, including the heat wave event in summer 2018. The study shows that all three species occurred in water and sediment samples at all sampling sites. Temperature was shown to be the main driving factor of abundance, whereas community composition was mainly modulated by salinity. A species-specific rapid increase was observed at water temperatures above 10°C, reaching the highest detection numbers during the heat wave event with abundances of 4.5 log10 CFU+1/100 ml of seawater and 6.5 log10 CFU+1/100 g of sediment. Due to salinity, the dominant species found in North Sea samples was , whereas was predominantly detected in Baltic Sea samples. Most detections of were associated with estuarine samples from both seas. spp. concentrations in sediments were up to three log higher compared to water samples, indicating that sediments are an important habitat for spp. to persist in the environment. Antibiotic resistances were found against beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin 31%, cefazolin 36%, and oxacillin and penicillin 100%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (45%). Moreover, isolates harboring pathogenicity-associated genes such as for as well as , /, and the 16S rRNA-type B variant for were detected. All sampled isolates were identified as non-toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 serotypes. To sum up, increasing water temperatures at German North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts provoke elevated numbers and encourage human recreational water activities, resulting in increased exposure rates. Owing to a moderate Baltic Sea salinity, the risk of infections is of particular concern.
Topics: Humans; Prevalence; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Water
PubMed: 35937704
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.846819 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jul 2021Red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is an economically and nutritionally important specie. We aimed to assess the immunostimulatory response to C. quadricarinatus...
Hepatopancreatic transcriptome analysis and humoral immune factor assays in red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) provide insight into innate immunomodulation under Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.
Red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is an economically and nutritionally important specie. We aimed to assess the immunostimulatory response to C. quadricarinatus infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. After determining the LD50, we infected C. quadricarinatus and examined the differential expression profiles of hepatopancreas transcriptional genes, and observed the temporal changes of hepatopancreas pathological sections and serum immunoenzymatic activities at different time points to reveal the infection mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus and the immune detoxification mechanism of the organism. The results showed that V. parahaemolyticus infection with C. quadricarinatus caused hepatopancreas injury and the immune enzyme activity of the organism changed with time delay. Transcriptome analysis of 47,338 single genes obtained by RNA sequencing and de nove transcriptome assembly identified a total of 3678 differentially expressed genes (P < 0.05) in the expression profiles of susceptible and normal animals for comparative analysis, and 2516 differentially expressed genes (P < 0.05) in the expression profiles of asymptomatic (infection-resistant) and normal animals. GO and KEGG and analyses revealed immune-related pathways under V. parahaemolyticus infection, including Vibrio cholerae infection, phagosome, lysozyme, oxidative phosphorylation, antigen processing and presentation, apoptosis, and Toll-like receptor signaling, as well as significant differences in the expression patterns of related immune genes at different times (P < 0.05). These new experimental results reveal the molecular response of the hepatopancreas to V. parahaemolyticus infection and the corresponding adaptive mechanisms, thus further revealing the pathogenesis due to bacterial infection in the aquatic environment, and providing a reference for further understanding of microbial-host interactions in aquatic systems.
Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Gene Expression Profiling; Hepatopancreas; Immunity, Innate; Immunologic Factors; Immunomodulation; Toll-Like Receptors; Transcriptome; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 33930770
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112266 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022, as one of the main pathogens of marine vibriosis, has brought huge losses to aquaculture. However, the interaction mechanism between and remains unclear. Moreover,...
, as one of the main pathogens of marine vibriosis, has brought huge losses to aquaculture. However, the interaction mechanism between and remains unclear. Moreover, there is a lack of comprehensive multi-omics analysis of the immune response of grouper spleen to . Herein, was artificially injected with , and it was found that the mortality was 16.7% in the early stage of infection, and accompanied by obvious histopathological lesions in the spleen. Furthermore, 1586 differentially expressed genes were screened by mRNA-seq. KEGG analysis showed that genes were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways, Acute-phase immune response, Apoptosis, Complement system and Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. As for miRNA-seq analysis, a total of 55 significantly different miRNAs were identified. Further functional annotation analysis indicated that the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched in three important pathways (Phosphatidylinositol signaling system, Lysosome and Focal adhesions). Through mRNA-miRNA integrated analysis, 1427 significant miRNA-mRNA pairs were obtained and " signaling pathway", "Intestinal immune network for IgA production" were considered as two crucial pathways. Finally, , , , , , and may be as key miRNAs to regulate immune signaling pathways the miRNA-mRNA interaction network. The above results suggest that the mRNA-miRNA integrated analysis not only sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between host and but also provides valuable and new insights into resistance to vibrio infection.
Topics: Animals; Bass; Fish Diseases; Immunity, Innate; MicroRNAs; RNA, Messenger; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 36059501
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982973 -
Research in Microbiology Dec 2014
Topics: Animals; Environmental Microbiology; Humans; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 25463383
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.10.009