-
Research in Microbiology Dec 2014
Topics: Animals; Environmental Microbiology; Humans; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 25463383
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.10.009 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises the issue of how hypoxia destroys normal physiological function and host immunity against pathogens. However, there are few or...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises the issue of how hypoxia destroys normal physiological function and host immunity against pathogens. However, there are few or no comprehensive omics studies on this effect. From an evolutionary perspective, animals living in complex and changeable marine environments might develop signaling pathways to address bacterial threats under hypoxia. In this study, the ancient genomic model animal and widespread were utilized to study the effect. . was challenged by . or (and) exposed to hypoxia. The effects of hypoxia and infection were identified, and a theoretical model of the host critical signaling pathway in response to hypoxia and infection was defined by methods of comparative metabolomics and proteomics on the entire liver. The changing trends of some differential metabolites and proteins under hypoxia, infection or double stressors were consistent. The model includes transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathways, and the consistent changing trends indicated that the host liver tended toward cell proliferation. Hypoxia and infection caused tissue damage and fibrosis in the portal area of the liver, which may be related to TGF-β1 signal transduction. We propose that LRG (leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein) is widely involved in the transition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in response to hypoxia and pathogenic infection in vertebrates as a conserved molecule.
Topics: Animals; Epidermal Growth Factor; Hypoxia; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Metabolomics; Proteomics; Signal Transduction; Takifugu; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 35095928
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.825358 -
BMC Biology Jan 2023Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens. In animals, the Toll pathway, the Imd pathway, the complement system, and lectins are well-known...
BACKGROUND
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens. In animals, the Toll pathway, the Imd pathway, the complement system, and lectins are well-known mechanisms involved in innate immunity. Although these pathways and systems are well understood in vertebrates and arthropods, they are understudied in other invertebrates.
RESULTS
To shed light on immunity in the nemertean Lineus ruber, we performed a transcriptomic survey and identified the main components of the Toll pathway (e.g., myD88, dorsal/dif/NFκB-p65), the Imd pathway (e.g., imd, relish/NFκB-p105/100), the complement system (e.g., C3, cfb), and some lectins (FreD-Cs and C-lectins). In situ hybridization showed that TLRβ1, TLRβ2, and imd are expressed in the nervous system; the complement gene C3-1 is expressed in the gut; and the lectins are expressed in the nervous system, the blood, and the gut. To reveal their potential role in defense mechanisms, we performed immune challenge experiments, in which Lineus ruber specimens were exposed to the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio diazotrophicus. Our results show the upregulation of specific components of the Toll pathway (TLRα3, TLRβ1, and TLRβ2), the complement system (C3-1), and lectins (c-lectin2 and fred-c5).
CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, similarly to what occurs in other invertebrates, our study shows that components of the Toll pathway, the complement system, and lectins are involved in the immune response in the nemertean Lineus ruber. The presence of these pathways and systems in Lineus ruber, but also in other spiralians; in ecdysozoans; and in deuterostomes suggests that these pathways and systems were involved in the immune response in the stem species of Bilateria.
Topics: Animals; Invertebrates; Vibrio Infections; NF-kappa B; Immunity, Innate; Lectins
PubMed: 36635688
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01482-1 -
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious... 2013Vibrio vulnificus causes an infectious disease that has extremely poor convalescence and leads to necrotic fasciitis. In this study, we sought to define the...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Vibrio vulnificus causes an infectious disease that has extremely poor convalescence and leads to necrotic fasciitis. In this study, we sought to define the characteristic epidemiology of V. vulnificus infection and clarify its diagnosis at the global level.
METHODS
Over a period of 10 years, we investigated the appearance of symptoms, underlying conditions, treatment, and mortality in 12 patients (eight men, four women; >50 years old; average age, 66 years,) infected with V. vulnificus.
RESULTS
The development of symptoms occurred primarily between June and September, a period during which seawater temperature rises and the prevalence of V. vulnificus increases. All patients had underlying diseases, and seven patients reported a history of consuming fresh fish and uncooked shellfish. The patients developed sepsis and fever with sharp pain in the limbs. Limb abnormalities were observed on visual examination. All patients underwent debridement; however, in the survival group, the involved limb was amputated early in 80% patients. The mortality rate was 58.3%.
CONCLUSION
Recognition of the characteristic epidemiology and clinical features of this disease is important, and positive debridement should be performed on suspicion. When the illness reaches an advanced stage, however, amputation should be the immediate treatment of choice.
Topics: Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Debridement; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 23332442
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.07.017 -
Microbes and Infection Feb 2000Vibrio vulnificus is capable of causing severe and often fatal infections in susceptible individuals. It causes two distinct disease syndromes, a primary septicemia and... (Review)
Review
Vibrio vulnificus is capable of causing severe and often fatal infections in susceptible individuals. It causes two distinct disease syndromes, a primary septicemia and necrotizing wound infections. This review discusses the interaction of environmental conditions, host factors, and bacterial virulence determinants that contribute to the epidemiology and pathogenesis of V. vulnificus.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Virulence
PubMed: 10742690
DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(00)00270-7 -
Der Internist Aug 2021The abundance of non-cholera Vibrio spp. in the aquatic environment shows a positive correlation with water temperatures. Therefore, climate change has an important... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The abundance of non-cholera Vibrio spp. in the aquatic environment shows a positive correlation with water temperatures. Therefore, climate change has an important impact on the epidemiology of human infections with these pathogens. In recent years large outbreaks have been repeatedly observed during the summer months in temperate climate zones.
OBJECTIVE
To inform medical professionals about the potentially life-threatening diseases caused by non-cholera Vibrio spp.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Review of the current literature on infections with non-cholera Vibrio spp. in general and on the epidemiological situation in Germany in particular.
RESULTS
Non-cholera Vibrio spp. predominantly cause wound and ear infections after contact with contaminated seawater and gastroenteritis after consumption of undercooked seafood. As there have not been mandatory notification systems for these pathogens in Germany up to March 2020, a high number of unreported cases must be assumed. Immunosuppressed and chronically ill patients have a much higher risk for severe courses of diseases. If an infection with non-cholera Vibrio spp. is suspected anti-infective treatment should be promptly initiated and surgical cleansing is often necessary for wound and soft tissue infections.
CONCLUSION
Due to the ongoing global warming an increased incidence of human infections with non-cholera Vibrio spp. must be expected in the future. Medical professionals should be aware of these bacterial pathogens and the potentially life-threatening infections in order to enable timely diagnostics and treatment.
Topics: Germany; Humans; North Sea; Seawater; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 34269833
DOI: 10.1007/s00108-021-01086-x -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play critical roles during pathogen infection and innate immune response in mammals. Such observation inspired us to...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play critical roles during pathogen infection and innate immune response in mammals. Such observation inspired us to explore the expression profiles and functions of lncRNAs in invertebrates upon bacterial infection. Here, the lncRNAs of sea cucumber () involved in infection were characterized. RNA-seq obtained 2897 differentially expressed lncRNAs from infected coelomocytes of sea cucumbers. The potential functions of the significant differentially expressed lncRNAs were related to immunity and metabolic process based on the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Moreover, we identify a lncRNA (XLOC_028509), which is downregulated with challenged, further study indicated that XLOC_028509 adsorb miR-2008 and miR-31 as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) through base complementarity, which in turn decreased the amount of miRNAs (microRNAs) bound to the 3'UTRs (untranslated regions) of mRNAs to reduce their inhibition of target gene translation. These data demonstrated that the lncRNAs of invertebrates might be important regulators in pathogen-host interactions by sponging miRNAs.
Topics: Animals; Gene Ontology; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Immunity, Innate; MicroRNAs; Protein Biosynthesis; RNA, Long Noncoding; Sea Cucumbers; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 34868083
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792040 -
Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen... Oct 2021Background spp. are aquatic bacteria that prefer warm seawater with moderate salinity. In humans, they can cause gastroenteritis, wound infections, and ear infections....
Background spp. are aquatic bacteria that prefer warm seawater with moderate salinity. In humans, they can cause gastroenteritis, wound infections, and ear infections. During the summers of 2018 and 2019, unprecedented high sea surface temperatures were recorded in the German Baltic Sea.AimWe aimed to describe the clinical course and microbiological characteristics of infections in Germany in 2018 and 2019.MethodsWe performed an observational retrospective multi-centre cohort study of patients diagnosed with domestically-acquired infections in Germany in 2018 and 2019. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were assessed, and isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.ResultsOf the 63 patients with infections, most contracted the virus between June and September, primarily in the Baltic Sea: 44 (70%) were male and the median age was 65 years (range: 2-93 years). Thirty-eight patients presented with wound infections, 16 with ear infections, six with gastroenteritis, two with pneumonia (after seawater aspiration) and one with primary septicaemia. The majority of infections were attributed to (non-O1/non-O139) (n = 30; 48%) or (n = 22; 38%). Phylogenetic analyses of 12 available isolates showed clusters of three identical strains of , which caused wound infections, suggesting that some clonal lines can spread across the Baltic Sea.ConclusionsDuring the summers of 2018 and 2019, severe heatwaves facilitated increased numbers of infections in Germany. Since climate change is likely to favour the proliferation of these bacteria, a further increase in -associated diseases is expected.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Germany; Humans; Male; Phylogeny; Retrospective Studies; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 34651572
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.41.2002041 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023To evaluate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in () infection.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in () infection.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of patients with infection at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 1, 2020 to April 23, 2023 was conducted. 14 enrolled patients were diagnosed by culture or mNGS. The corresponding medical records were reviewed, and the clinical data analyzed included demographics, epidemiology laboratory findings, physical examination, symptoms at presentation, antibiotic and surgical treatment, and outcome.
RESULTS
In this study, 78.6% (11/14) patients had a history of marine trauma (including fish stab, shrimp stab, crab splints and fish hook wounds), 7.1% (1/14) had eaten seafood, and the remaining 14.3% (2/14) had no definite cause. Isolation of from clinical samples including blood, tissue, fester and secreta. 9 cases were positive for culture, 5 cases were detected synchronously by mNGS and got positive for . 85.7% (12/14) cases accepted surgical treatment, with 1 patient suffering finger amputated. 14 enrolled patients received appropriate antibiotic therapy, and all of them had recovered and discharged. 9 strains isolated in this study were sensitive to most beta-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, quinolones, etc.
CONCLUSION
infection is a common water-exposed disease in Zhuhai, which requires identification of a number of pathogens. Of severe infections with unknown pathogen, mNGS can be used simultaneously, and the potential to detect multiple pathogens is of great help in guiding treatment.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
PubMed: 38035326
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1210919 -
Epidemiology and Infection May 2017Vibrio alginolyticus causes soft tissue and bloodstream infection; little systematically collected clinical and epidemiological information is available. In the USA, V....
Vibrio alginolyticus causes soft tissue and bloodstream infection; little systematically collected clinical and epidemiological information is available. In the USA, V. alginolyticus infections are reported to the Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance system. Using data from 1988 to 2012, we categorised infections using specimen source and exposure history, analysed case characteristics, and calculated incidence rates using US Census Bureau data. Most (96%) of the 1331 V. alginolyticus infections were from coastal states. Infections of the skin and ear were most frequent (87%); ear infections occurred more commonly in children, lower extremity infections more commonly in older adults. Most (86%) infections involved water activity. Reported incidence of infections increased 12-fold over the study period, although the extent of diagnostic or surveillance bias is unclear. Prevention efforts should target waterborne transmission in coastal areas and provider education to promote more rapid diagnosis and prevent complications.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; United States; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio alginolyticus; Young Adult
PubMed: 28202099
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268817000140