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Genes Jan 2021Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new class of non-coding RNA that is structured into a closed loop without polyadenylation. Recent studies showed that circRNAs are involved...
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new class of non-coding RNA that is structured into a closed loop without polyadenylation. Recent studies showed that circRNAs are involved in the host immune response to pathogen infection. Japanese flounder (), an important economical marine fish cultured in north Asia, is affected by , a pathogenic bacterium that can infect a large number of fish. In this study, we systematically explored the circRNAs in the spleen of -infected flounder at different infection time points. A total of 6581 circRNAs were identified, 148 of which showed differential expression patterns after infection and were named DEcirs. Most of the DEcirs were strongly time-specific. The parental genes of the DEcirs were identified and functionally classified into diverse pathways, including immune-related pathways. Among the immune-related DEcirs, seven were predicted to sponge 18 targeted miRNAs that were differentially expressed during infection (named DETmiRs). Further analysis showed that the DEcirs and their corresponding DETmiRs intertwined into complicated immune related networks. These results indicate that in flounder, circRNAs are regulated by and form interactive networks with mRNAs and miRNAs that likely play important roles in the immune defense against pathogen infection.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Flounder; RNA, Circular; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 33467444
DOI: 10.3390/genes12010100 -
Communications Biology Aug 2021As a critical evolutionary pivot between invertebrates and vertebrates, lampreys provide rich genetic information. Lamprey immune protein (LIP) is a key immune...
As a critical evolutionary pivot between invertebrates and vertebrates, lampreys provide rich genetic information. Lamprey immune protein (LIP) is a key immune regulator. MicroRNAs, well-conserved in the response to immunological stress, remain understudied in lamprey immunity. We generated a lamprey microRNA expression atlas, using deep sequencing, upon Vibrio anguillarum infection. Using comparative methods, we found that miR-4561 potentially regulates innate immunity via interaction with lip. We found a sequence in the 3'-UTR region of LIP mRNA complementary to the miR-4561 seed region; miR-4561 expression was negatively correlated with LIP. During V. anguillarum infection, miR-4561 inhibited LIP expression and bacterial clearance. Notably, LIP expression in supraneural body cells was necessary for the Gram-negative immune response. Additionally, we observed that overexpression of miR-4561 induced apoptosis in embryonic cells, suggesting a role in embryonic development. Collectively, we show lamprey microRNAs may significantly affect gene regulation and provide new insights on LIP-mediated immune regulation.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Gene Expression Regulation; Lampreys; Lip; MicroRNAs; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 34417547
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02525-z -
PloS One 2015Vibrio vulnificus is a common gram-negative bacterium, which might cause morbidity and mortality in patients following consumption of seafood or exposure to seawater in... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Vibrio vulnificus is a common gram-negative bacterium, which might cause morbidity and mortality in patients following consumption of seafood or exposure to seawater in Southeast China. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of patients with laboratory confirmed V. vulnificus infection. Twenty one patients were divided into a survival group and a non-surviving (or death) group according to their clinical outcome. Clinical data and measurements were statistically analyzed. Four patients (19.05%) died and five patients gave positive cultures from bile fluid, and 16 other patients gave positive culture from blood or blisters. Ten patients (47.62%) had an underlying liver disease and marine-related events were found in sixteen patients (76.2%). Patients with heavy drinking habits might be at increased mortality (p = 0.028). Clinical manifestations of cellulitis (47.6%), septic shock (42.9%) and multiple organ failure (28.6%) were statistically significant when comparing survivors and non-survivors (p = 0.035, p = 0.021 and p = 0.003, respectively). The laboratory results, including hemoglobin < 9.0 g/L (p = 0.012), platelets < 2.0 × 109 /L, prothrombin time activity (PTA) <20%, decreased serum creatinine and increased urea nitrogen were statistically significant (p = 0.012, p = 0.003, p = 0.028 and p = 0.028, respectively). Patients may be at a higher risk of mortality under situations where they have a history of habitual heavy alcoholic drink consumption (p = 0.028, OR = 22.5, 95%CI 1.5-335.3), accompanied with cellulitis, shock, multiple organ failure, and laboratory examinations that are complicated by decreased platelets, hemoglobin and significantly prolonged prothrombin time (PT).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Survival Rate; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 26274504
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136019 -
PloS One 2021Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQs) from Macleaya cordata are promising natural products for enhancing the growth performance and overall health condition of farmed animals....
Effects of isoquinoline alkaloids from Macleaya cordata on growth performance, survival, immune response, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).
Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQs) from Macleaya cordata are promising natural products for enhancing the growth performance and overall health condition of farmed animals. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two formulas of IQ extract, provided in either a powdered formula (IQ-E) or a water-soluble, granulated formula (IQ-WS) and containing the main active component sanguinarine at a concentration of 0.5% and 1%, respectively, on the growth, survival, immune response, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In Experiment 1, the postlarvae were divided into five groups (four replicates/group and 100 shrimp/tank) and fed four times/day for 30 days with a control feed, IQ-E at 200 or 300 mg/kg of feed, or IQ-WS at 100 or 150 mg/kg of feed. In Experiment 2, the surviving shrimp from Experiment 1 were redistributed into six groups (four treatment groups as in Experiment 1 plus the positive and negative controls with four replicates/group and 30 shrimp/tank) and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus by immersion at a concentration of 103 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and were fed with the same diets for another 14 days. The results revealed that all IQ-fed shrimp in Experiment 1 had significantly enhanced survival rates and immune parameters (total hemocyte count and phagocytic, phenoloxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities) compared to the control group, even though the growth performances were similar across all groups. In Experiment 2, all IQ-fed groups showed better growth performance and survival rates compared to the positive control. Other than in the positive control group, no histopathological lesions in the hepatopancreas and the intestine were found. In summary, the current study demonstrated the benefits of using IQs from M. cordata as feed additives for improving the growth performance, survival rate, immune responses, and resistance to vibriosis of Pacific white shrimp.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Isoquinolines; Papaveraceae; Penaeidae; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 33956913
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251343 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Aug 2023Vibriosis is an infectious disease that generates large economic losses in Mediterranean aquaculture. Vibrio harveyi is one of the marine bacteria causing this disease,...
Vibriosis is an infectious disease that generates large economic losses in Mediterranean aquaculture. Vibrio harveyi is one of the marine bacteria causing this disease, it is widespread in the Mediterranean Sea and causes ulcers on the skin of the fish it infects. In addition, the skin is a route of entry and colonization of this pathogen. In this study, one group of fish was injected intraperitoneally with phosphate buffered saline (control group) and another with V. harveyi (infected group). At 4 h after injection, samples of skin mucus, blood, skin, head kidney, liver, and spleen were collected to study the immune response generated. Liver histology showed notable alterations in hepatocyte morphology, such as increased vacuolization. Bactericidal activity was measured in skin mucus and serum against V. harveyi and V. anguillarum, different changes in this activity were recorded depending on the bacteria target and sample (skin mucus or serum) used. Gene expression of genes encoding hepcidins and piscidins (antimicrobial peptides) was performed in the mentioned organs. The results indicated a different expression according to the type of AMP and the tissue studied. Hepcidin appeared involved in all tissues studied while piscidins were in the spleen. In this study we have integrated hepcidin-piscidin modulation with the effects of infection on skin mucosa, serum and hepatocyte morphology. Knowing the changes produced in all these parameters improves the understanding of the infection in the first hours in sea bream and could have applications in the diagnosis or treatment of vibriosis in fish farms.
Topics: Animals; Sea Bream; Hepcidins; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37353061
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108899 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2016We present a case of a 40-year-old man with decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis presenting with atraumatic cellulitis of one extremity and severe sepsis that rapidly...
We present a case of a 40-year-old man with decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis presenting with atraumatic cellulitis of one extremity and severe sepsis that rapidly progressed to compartment syndrome despite broad-spectrum antibiotics. Local cultures following debridement revealed Vibrio vulnificus, and subsequent history revealed consumption of raw oysters 48 h before presentation. Our case points out the unique susceptibility of those with cirrhosis and elevated iron saturation to Vibrio septicaemia, as well as the rapidity and severity of the disease progression.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Ciprofloxacin; Debridement; Doxycycline; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Ostreidae; Raw Foods; Sepsis; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 27151052
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-214772 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Jul 2013Vibrio vulnificus infection, an uncommon but life-threatening illness, manifests as two main types, primary septicemia and primary wound infections. Little information...
INTRODUCTION
Vibrio vulnificus infection, an uncommon but life-threatening illness, manifests as two main types, primary septicemia and primary wound infections. Little information regarding the seasonality of V. vulnificus infections in tropical areas and prognostic factors of primary V. vulnificus wound infections is available.
METHODOLOGY
This retrospective study was conducted to include 159 V. vulnificus-infected admissions at our institution in southern Taiwan, 63 with primary septicemia (Group 1) and 96 with primary wound infections (Group 2), from 1999 to 2008, for analysis.
RESULTS
The case-fatality rate was 24%. Eighty-eight percent of these cases occurred during April to November. During December to March, patients in Group 2 were less likely to have acquired the infection compared with those in Group 1. Group 1 was more likely to have comorbidities and a higher case-fatality rate compared to Group 2. In multivariate analysis, hemorrhagic bullous skin lesions/necrotizing fasciitis (P=0.024), lesions involving two or more limbs (P=0.043), and shock on admission (P=0.015) were related to an increased mortality risk, while surgery < 24 hours after admission (P=0.001) was related to a decreased mortality risk in Group 1; however, hemorrhagic bullous skin lesions/necrotizing fasciitis (P=0.045) was the only prognostic factor in Group 2.
CONCLUSION
The presence of hemorrhagic bullous lesion/necrotizing fasciitis is the main prognostic factor for primary septicemia or primary wound infections caused by V. vulnificus. Persons with an underlying immunocompromised status should avoid consuming raw/undercooked seafood or exposing wounds to seawater and should wear clothing during handling of seafood/fishing, especially in warmer months.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Medicine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Seasons; Sepsis; Survival Analysis; Taiwan; Vibrio Infections; Wound Infection
PubMed: 23857388
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.3008 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Aug 2016Aeromonas and Vibrio are important water-borne pathogens causing substantial morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients in Taiwan, but the differences in clinical...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Aeromonas and Vibrio are important water-borne pathogens causing substantial morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients in Taiwan, but the differences in clinical manifestations of Aeromonas and Vibrio bacteremia have not been reported in detail.
METHODS
From January 2003 to September 2013, cirrhotic patients with monomicrobial Aeromonas or Vibrio bacteremia at a medical center in Taiwan were included in this study.
RESULTS
The study population consisted of 77 cirrhotic patients with Aeromonas bacteremia and 48 patients with Vibrio bacteremia. Both pathogens clustered during the summer season; Vibrio bacteremia was more correlated with higher temperatures (Vibrio: r(2) = 0.95, p < 0.0001; Aeromonas: r(2) = 0.74, p = 0.006) and was associated with ingestion of undercooked seafood (p = 0.03) or cutaneous exposure (p < 0.001). Vibrio bacteremia mainly occurred in mildly or moderately decompensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A and B: 45.8% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.003), and caused more soft-tissue infections (31.3% vs. 5.2%; p < 0.001) and renal dysfunction (1.6 ± 1.2 mg/dL vs. 1.3 ± 0.8 mg/dL, p = 0.006). Sepsis-related mortality was similar in the cases of Vibrio and Aeromonas bacteremia (14.6% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.96), but those with Vibrio bacteremia underwent a fulminant course, as evidenced by a shorter time from bacteremia onset to death (3.1 days vs. 8.2 days, p = 0.04).
CONCLUSION
In cirrhotic patients, bacteremia caused by Aeromonas and Vibrio species clustered in summer months and caused similar mortality, but Vibrio bacteremia led to a more severe and fulminant sepsis.
Topics: Adult; Aeromonas; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteremia; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Seasons; Soft Tissue Infections; Taiwan; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 25070280
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.05.006 -
Microbiome Sep 2022Infectious diseases have caused huge economic loss and food security issues in fish aquaculture. Current management and breeding strategies heavily rely on the knowledge...
BACKGROUND
Infectious diseases have caused huge economic loss and food security issues in fish aquaculture. Current management and breeding strategies heavily rely on the knowledge of regulative mechanisms underlying disease resistance. Though the intestinal microbial community was linked with disease infection, there is little knowledge about the roles of intestinal microbes in fish disease resistance. Cynoglossus semilaevis is an economically important and widely cultivated flatfish species in China. However, it suffers from outbreaks of vibriosis, which results in huge mortalities and economic loss.
RESULTS
Here, we used C. semilaevis as a research model to investigate the host-microbiome interactions in regulating vibriosis resistance. The resistance to vibriosis was reflected in intestinal microbiome on both taxonomic and functional levels. Such differences also influenced the host gene expressions in the resistant family. Moreover, the intestinal microbiome might control the host immunological homeostasis and inflammation to enhance vibriosis resistance through the microbe-intestine-immunity axis. For example, Phaeobacter regulated its hdhA gene and host cyp27a1 gene up-expressed in bile acid biosynthesis pathways, but regulated its trxA gene and host akt gene down-expressed in proinflammatory cytokines biosynthesis pathways, to reduce inflammation and resist disease infection in the resistant family. Furthermore, the combination of intestinal microbes and host genes as biomarkers could accurately differentiate resistant family from susceptible family.
CONCLUSION
Our study uncovered the regulatory patterns of the microbe-intestine-immunity axis that may contribute to vibriosis resistance in C. semilaevis. These findings could facilitate the disease control and selective breeding of superior germplasm with high disease resistance in fish aquaculture. Video Abstract.
Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Cytokines; Disease Resistance; Fishes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Inflammation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 36138436
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01346-4 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023Vibriosis is one of the most common diseases in marine aquaculture, caused by bacteria belonging to the genus , that has been affecting many species of economically... (Review)
Review
Vibriosis is one of the most common diseases in marine aquaculture, caused by bacteria belonging to the genus , that has been affecting many species of economically significant aquatic organisms around the world. The prevention of vibriosis in aquaculture is difficult, and the various treatments for vibriosis have their limitations. Therefore, there is an imperative need to find new alternatives. This review is based on the studies on vibriosis, specifically on the various treatments and their limitations, as well as the application of nanoparticles in aquaculture. One of the promising nanoparticles is graphene oxide (GO), which has been used in various applications, particularly in biological applications such as biosensors, drug delivery, and potential treatment for infectious diseases. GO has been shown to have anti-bacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but no research has been published that emphasizes its impact on spp. The review aims to explore the potential use of GO for treatment against vibriosis.
Topics: Humans; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Vibrio Infections; Aquaculture; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37628723
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612542