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Acta Dermato-venereologica Mar 1994
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Humans; Melanocytes; Transplantation, Autologous; Vitiligo
PubMed: 7911625
DOI: 10.2340/0001555574147148 -
BioMed Research International 2020It has been reported that deficiency of selenium can cause autoimmune disease. This meta-analysis was aimed at evaluating whether there exits an association between... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
It has been reported that deficiency of selenium can cause autoimmune disease. This meta-analysis was aimed at evaluating whether there exits an association between selenium level and vitiligo.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Med Online, and China VIP databases from the inception to February 12, 2019. The main outcome was the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in serum selenium level between vitiligo patients and healthy controls.
RESULTS
A total of 8 studies with 305 vitiligo patients and 6156 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference in selenium level between vitiligo patients and healthy controls (SMD = 0.481, 95%CI = -0.642 to 1.604, = 0.840, > 0.05). Further subgroup analysis stratified by area revealed that Asian vitiligo patients had decreased selenium level, while that finding was not observed in Caucasian patients (Asian: SMD = -0.303, 95%CI = -0.603 to -0.004, < 0.05; Caucasian: SMD = 0.957, 95%CI = -0.752 to 2.665, > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Although overall selenium level was similar between vitiligo patients and health controls, subgroup analysis showed decreased levels of selenium in Asian vitiligo patients. It may suggest a clinical tailored administration of selenium supplementation in Asian vitiligo patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Child; Humans; Middle Aged; Selenium; Vitiligo; White People; Young Adult
PubMed: 32626761
DOI: 10.1155/2020/7580939 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Sep 2022Despite historical mischaracterization as a cosmetic condition, patients with the autoimmune disorder vitiligo experience substantial quality-of-life (QoL) burden. This... (Review)
Review
Despite historical mischaracterization as a cosmetic condition, patients with the autoimmune disorder vitiligo experience substantial quality-of-life (QoL) burden. This systematic literature review of peer-reviewed observational and interventional studies describes comprehensive evidence for humanistic burden in patients with vitiligo. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane databases were searched through February 10, 2021, to qualitatively assess QoL in vitiligo. Two independent reviewers assessed articles for inclusion and extracted data for qualitative synthesis. A total of 130 included studies were published between 1996 and 2021. Geographical regions with the most studies were Europe (32.3%) and the Middle East (26.9%). Dermatology-specific instruments, including the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI; 80 studies) and its variants for children (CDLQI; 10 studies) and families (FDLQI; 4 studies), as well as Skindex instruments (Skindex-29, 15 studies; Skindex-16, 4 studies), were most commonly used to measure humanistic burden. Vitiligo-specific instruments, including the Vitiligo-specific QoL (VitiQoL; 11 studies) instrument and 22-item Vitiligo Impact Scale (VIS-22; 4 studies), were administered in fewer studies. Among studies that reported total scores for the overall population, a majority revealed moderate or worse effects of vitiligo on patient QoL (DLQI, 35/54 studies; Skindex, 8/8 studies; VitiQoL, 6/6 studies; VIS-22, 3/3 studies). Vitiligo also had a significant impact on the QoL of families and caregivers; 4/4 studies reporting FDLQI scores indicated moderate or worse effects on QoL. In general, treatment significantly (P < 0.05) improved QoL, but there were no trends for types or duration of treatment. Among studies that reported factors significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with reduced QoL, female sex and visible lesions and/or lesions in sensitive areas were most common. In summary, vitiligo has clinically meaningful effects on the QoL of patients, highlighting that greater attention should be dedicated to QoL decrement awareness and improvement in patients with vitiligo.
Topics: Child; Europe; Female; Humans; Middle East; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitiligo
PubMed: 35366355
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18129 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024An unbiased screening of which proteins are deregulated in vitiligo using proteomics can offer an enormous value. It could not only reveal robust biomarkers for... (Review)
Review
An unbiased screening of which proteins are deregulated in vitiligo using proteomics can offer an enormous value. It could not only reveal robust biomarkers for detecting disease activity but can also identify which patients are most likely to respond to treatments. We performed a scoping review searching for all articles using proteomics in vitiligo. Eight manuscripts could be identified. Unfortunately, very limited overlap was found in the differentially expressed proteins between studies (15 out of 272; 5,51%) with variable degrees of the type of proteins and a substantial variety in the prevalence of acute phase proteins (range: 6-65%). Proteomics research has therefore brought little corroborating evidence on which proteins are differentially regulated between vitiligo patients and healthy controls or between active and stable vitiligo patients. While a limited patient size is an obvious weakness for several studies, an incomplete description of patient characteristics is an unfortunate and avoidable shortcoming. Additionally, the variations in the used methodology and analyses may further contribute to the overall observed variability. Nonetheless, more recent studies investigating the response to treatment seem to be more robust, as more differentially expressed proteins that have previously been confirmed to be involved in vitiligo were found. The further inclusion of proteomics analyses in clinical trials is recommended to increase insights into the pathogenic mechanisms in vitiligo and identify reliable biomarkers or promising drug targets. A harmonization in the study design, reporting and proteomics methodology could vastly improve the value of vitiligo proteomics research.
Topics: Vitiligo; Humans; Proteomics; Biomarkers; Proteome
PubMed: 38715599
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387011 -
Experimental Dermatology Apr 2013Vitiligo is a multifactorial polygenic disorder with a complex pathogenesis, linked with both genetic and non-genetic factors. The precise modus operandi for vitiligo... (Review)
Review
Vitiligo is a multifactorial polygenic disorder with a complex pathogenesis, linked with both genetic and non-genetic factors. The precise modus operandi for vitiligo pathogenesis has remained elusive. Theories regarding loss of melanocytes are based on autoimmune, cytotoxic, oxidant-antioxidant and neural mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess have been documented in active vitiligo skin. Numerous proteins in addition to tyrosinase are affected. It is possible that oxidative stress is one among the main principal causes of vitiligo. However, there also exists ample evidence for altered immunological processes in vitiligo, particularly in chronic and progressive conditions. Both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system appear to be involved as a primary event or as a secondary promotive consequence. There is speculation on the interplay, if any, between ROS and the immune system in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The article focuses on the scientific evidences linking oxidative stress and immune system to vitiligo pathogenesis giving credence to a convergent terminal pathway of oxidative stress-autoimmunity-mediated melanocyte loss.
Topics: Apoptosis; Autoimmunity; Cytokines; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Melanocytes; Models, Biological; Oxidative Stress; Vitiligo
PubMed: 23425123
DOI: 10.1111/exd.12103 -
JAMA Dermatology Jan 2022Vitiligo can have profound effects on patients and is often associated with other autoimmune comorbid conditions. It is important to understand the current prevalence of...
IMPORTANCE
Vitiligo can have profound effects on patients and is often associated with other autoimmune comorbid conditions. It is important to understand the current prevalence of vitiligo, including diagnosed, undiagnosed, and subtypes (nonsegmental and segmental).
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the point prevalence of vitiligo in the US.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
For this population-based study of adults in the US, a cross-sectional online survey was administered between December 2019 and March 2020 to obtain participant self-reported vitiligo status. A representative sample of the US adult general population, aged 18 to 85 years, was recruited using a stratified proportional, sampling design from general population research panels. Additionally, 3 expert dermatologists adjudicated participants' self-reported vitiligo diagnosis by reviewing photographs uploaded by the participants using a teledermatology app designed and tested specifically for this study.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The main outcomes were the point prevalence estimates of overall vitiligo, as well as diagnosed, undiagnosed, nonsegmental, and segmental vitiligo.
RESULTS
Among the 40 888 eligible adult participants, the mean (SD) age was 44.9 (17.4) years, 23 170 (56.7%) were female, 30 428 (74.4%) were White, and 4225 (10.3%) were of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. Self-reported vitiligo prevalence was 1.38% (95% CI, 1.26%-1.49%), with 0.77% (95% CI, 0.68%-0.85%) for diagnosed and 0.61% (95% CI, 0.54%-0.69%) for undiagnosed. Based on expert dermatologist review of 113 photographs of participants with self-reported vitiligo, clinician-adjudicated vitiligo prevalence (sensitivity bounds) was 0.76% (0.76%-1.11%), with 0.46% (0.46%-0.61%) for diagnosed and 0.29% (0.29%-0.50%) for undiagnosed. Self-reported nonsegmental vitiligo prevalence was 0.77% (95% CI, 0.68%-0.85%), with 0.48% (95% CI, 0.41%-0.55%) for diagnosed and 0.29% (95% CI, 0.23%-0.34%) for undiagnosed. Clinician-adjudicated nonsegmental vitiligo prevalence (sensitivity bounds) was 0.58% (0.57%-0.84%), with 0.37% (0.37%-0.49%) for diagnosed and 0.21% (0.20%-0.36%) for undiagnosed. Self-reported segmental vitiligo prevalence was 0.61% (95% CI, 0.53%-0.69%), with 0.28% (95% CI, 0.23%-0.33%) for diagnosed and 0.33% (95% CI, 0.27%-0.38%) for undiagnosed. Clinician-adjudicated segmental vitiligo prevalence (sensitivity bounds) was 0.18% (0.18%-0.27%), with 0.09% (0.09%-0.12%) for diagnosed and 0.08% (0.08%-0.15%) for undiagnosed.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Results of this survey study demonstrated that the current US population-based prevalence estimate of overall (diagnosed and undiagnosed combined) vitiligo in adults is between 0.76% (1.9 million cases in 2020) and 1.11% (2.8 million cases in 2020). Additionally, this study suggests that approximately 40% of adult vitiligo in the US may be undiagnosed. Future studies should be performed to confirm these findings.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Vitiligo; Young Adult
PubMed: 34787670
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.4724 -
PloS One 2020Vitiligo is a T-cell mediated skin disorder characterized by progressive loss of skin color. In individuals genetically predisposed to the disease, various triggers...
Vitiligo is a T-cell mediated skin disorder characterized by progressive loss of skin color. In individuals genetically predisposed to the disease, various triggers contribute to the initiation of vitiligo. Precipitating factors can stress the skin, leading to T-cell activation and recruitment. Though hereditary factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, it is unknown whether precipitating, stressful events play a role in vitiligo. To understand this, we utilized a validated perceived stress scale (PSS) to measure this parameter in vitiligo patients compared to persons without vitiligo. Additionally, we probed a clinical database, using a knowledge linking software called ROCKET, to gauge stress-related conditions in the vitiligo patient population. From a pool of patients in an existing database, a hundred individuals with vitiligo and twenty-five age- and sex-matched comparison group of individuals without vitiligo completed an online survey to quantify their levels of perceived stress. In parallel, patients described specifics of their disease condition, including the affected body sites, the extent, duration and activity of their vitiligo. Perceived stress was significantly higher among vitiligo individuals compared to those without vitiligo. ROCKET analyses suggested signs of metabolic-related disease (i.e., 'stress') preceding vitiligo development. No correlation was found between perceived stress and the stage or the extent of disease, suggesting that elevated stress may not be a consequence of pigment loss alone. The data provide further support for stress as a precipitating factor in vitiligo development.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Heat-Shock Response; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Melanocytes; Middle Aged; Patients; Stress, Physiological; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires; T-Lymphocytes; Vitiligo; Young Adult
PubMed: 31986193
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227909 -
BioMed Research International 2016Abnormality of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, the results were controversial. Aim. The purpose of this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Abnormality of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, the results were controversial. Aim. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the levels of GPx between vitiligo patients and healthy controls. Methods. Relevant published articles were searched according to eligibility criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted to pool estimates of the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. Twenty-three studies with a total of 1076 vitiligo patients and 770 healthy controls were included. The pooled meta-analysis showed that patients with vitiligo had equivalent levels of GPx with the healthy controls (SMD = -0.47, 95% CI: -1.03 to 0.08, and p = 0.095). Further subgroup analysis showed that the GPx levels of Asian patients or segmental vitiligo patients were, respectively, lower than those of healthy controls (Asian: SMD = -0.47, 95% CI: -1.08 to 0.14, and p = 0.001; segmental: SMD = -3.59, 95% CI: -6.38 to -0.80, and p = 0.012). Furthermore, the GPx levels in serum/plasma were significantly decreased in either stable or active vitiligo patients, comparing to healthy controls (stable: SMD = -2.01, 95% CI: -3.52 to -0.49, and p = 0.009; active: SMD = -2.34, 95% CI: -4.07 to -0.61, and p = 0.008). Conclusion. This meta-analysis showed a significant association between low GPx level and vitiligo.
Topics: Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; PubMed; Vitiligo
PubMed: 27218102
DOI: 10.1155/2016/3029810 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2017Melanin, the compound primarily responsible in humans for hair, eye and skin pigmentation, is produced by melanocytes through a complicated process called melanogenesis... (Review)
Review
Melanin, the compound primarily responsible in humans for hair, eye and skin pigmentation, is produced by melanocytes through a complicated process called melanogenesis that is catalyzed by tyrosinase and other tyrosinase-related proteins. The abnormal loss of melanin causes dermatological problems such as vitiligo. Hence the regulation of melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity is very important for treating hypopigmentary disorders. Many melanogenesis stimulators have been discovered during the past decade. This article reviews recent advances in research on extracts and active ingredients of plants, synthesized compounds with stimulating effect on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, as well as their influence on the expression of related proteins and possible signaling pathways for the design and development of novel anti-vitiligo agents.
Topics: Animals; Enzyme Activators; Humans; Melanins; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Plant Extracts; Vitiligo
PubMed: 28777326
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081303 -
Annales de Dermatologie Et de... Mar 2003
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Vitiligo
PubMed: 12746664
DOI: No ID Found