(dent disease) An X-linked, recessive disorder of the proximal renal tubules that presents during childhood, and is characterized by low-molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, hypophosphatemia rickets, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, and progressive kidney failure.

(dent disease) X-linked recessive NEPHROLITHIASIS characterized by HYPERCALCIURIA; HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; and PROTEINURIA. It is associated with mutations in the voltage-gated chloride channel, CLC-5 (Dent Disease I). Another group of mutations associated with this disease is in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-5-phosphatase gene.

Dent disease, an X-linked disorder of proximal renal tubular dysfunction, is characterized by low molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria, hypercalciuria, and at least one additional finding including nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, hematuria, hypophosphatemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and evidence of X-linked inheritance. Males younger than age ten years may manifest only LMW proteinuria and/or hypercalciuria, which are usually asymptomatic. Thirty to 80% of affected males develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) between ages 30 and 50 years; in some instances ESRD does not develop until the sixth decade of life or later. The disease may also be accompanied by rickets or osteomalacia, growth restriction, and short stature. Disease severity can vary within the same family. Males with Dent disease 2 (caused by pathogenic variants in OCRL) may also have mild intellectual disability, cataracts, and/or elevated muscle enzymes. Due to random X-chromosome inactivation, some female carriers may manifest hypercalciuria and, rarely, renal calculi and moderate LMW proteinuria. Females rarely develop CKD.

(x-linked recessive hypophosphatemic rickets) Hypophosphatemic rickets due to mutation(s) in the X-chromosomal CLCN5 gene, encoding H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 5. This condition is expressed in male individuals hemizygous for the mutation(s), and in female individuals homozygous for the mutation(s). The disorder of the proximal renal tubules is characterized by low-molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, renal phosphate wasting, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, progressive kidney failure, and elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) concentrations.

Dent disease is a chronic kidney disease that primarily affects males. While symptoms and severity vary, they usually begin in childhood and worsen over time. The most common feature of Dent disease is proteinuria (protein in the urine). Other common features include excess calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria); calcium deposits in the...