Disease or Syndrome
hyperoxaluria
Subclass of:
Kidney Diseases
Definitions related to hyperoxaluria:
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Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.NLM Medical Subject HeadingsU.S. National Library of Medicine, 2021
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Increased excretion of oxalates in the urine.Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)The Human Phenotype Ontology Project, 2021
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Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare condition characterized by recurrent kidney and bladder stones. The condition often results in end stage renal disease (ESRD), which is a life-threatening condition that prevents the kidneys from filtering fluids and waste products from the body effectively. Primary hyperoxaluria results from the overproduction of a substance called oxalate. Oxalate is filtered through the kidneys and excreted as a waste product in urine, leading to abnormally high levels of this substance in urine (hyperoxaluria). During its excretion, oxalate can combine with calcium to form calcium oxalate, a hard compound that is the main component of kidney and bladder stones. Deposits of calcium oxalate can damage the kidneys and other organs and lead to blood in the urine (hematuria), urinary tract infections, kidney damage, ESRD, and injury to other organs. Over time, kidney function decreases such that the kidneys can no longer excrete as much oxalate as they receive. As a result oxalate levels in the blood rise, and the substance gets deposited in tissues throughout the body (systemic oxalosis), particularly in bones and the walls of blood vessels. Oxalosis in bones can cause fractures. There are three types of primary hyperoxaluria that differ in their severity and genetic cause. In primary hyperoxaluria type 1, kidney stones typically begin to appear anytime from childhood to early adulthood, and ESRD can develop at any age. Primary hyperoxaluria type 2...MedlinePlus GeneticsU.S. National Library of Medicine, 2021
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The normal upper level of urinary oxalate excretion is 40 mg (440 �mol) in 24 hours. Men have a slightly higher normal value (43 mg/d in men vs 32 mg/d in women), but this is primarily due to larger body habitus and larger average meal size rather than to any real intrinsic metabolic difference.WebMD, 2019
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