-
ACS Omega Aug 2023Current flotation practices using lime or cyanide as depressants in chalcopyrite and pyrite separation have significant disadvantages, such as substantial reagent...
Current flotation practices using lime or cyanide as depressants in chalcopyrite and pyrite separation have significant disadvantages, such as substantial reagent consumption, high slurry pH, and environmental hazards. This work aimed to explore the utilization and mechanisms of tannic acid (TA) as an eco-friendly alternative to lime or cyanide in chalcopyrite-pyrite separation. Flotation results showed that TA selectively depressed pyrite yet allowed chalcopyrite to float at neutral or alkaline pH. Adsorption density and zeta potential results indicated that TA adsorbed intensely on pyrite but minorly on chalcopyrite. Besides, potassium ethyl xanthate was still largely adsorbed on chalcopyrite but not on pyrite after TA adsorption. Surface analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further showed that the oxidation species of FeOOH and Fe (SO), particularly FeOOH were the main active sites for TA chemical adsorption. Owing to the greater and faster oxidation of pyrite, more FeOOH and Fe (SO) were generated on the pyrite surface, and the chemical adsorption of TA was more pronounced on the pyrite surface than on the chalcopyrite surface.
PubMed: 37636951
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03663 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2023Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic, inflammatory and potentially malignant oral disease. Local delivery of triamcinolone to lesion site is a commonly used therapy. The...
Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic, inflammatory and potentially malignant oral disease. Local delivery of triamcinolone to lesion site is a commonly used therapy. The existing methods for local drug delivery include topical administration and submucosal injection. However, in the wet and dynamic oral microenvironment, these methods have drawbacks such as limited drug delivery efficiency and injection pain. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop an alternative local drug delivery system with high efficiency and painlessness. Inspired by the structure of band-aid, this study proposed a novel double-layered mucoadhesive microneedle patch for transmucosal drug delivery. The patch consisted of a mucoadhesive silk fibroin/tannic acid top-layer and a silk fibroin microneedle under-layer. When applying the annealing condition for the medium content of β-sheets of silk fibroin, the microneedles in under-layer displayed both superior morphology and mechanical property. The mechanical strength of per needle (0.071N) was sufficient to penetrate the oral mucosa. Sequentially, the gelation efficiency of silk fibroin and tannic acid in top-layer was maximized as the weight ratio of tannic acid to silk fibroin reached 5:1. Moreover, results demonstrated the double-layered patch possessed undetectable cytotoxicity. The sustained release of triamcinolone was observed from the double-layered patch for at least 7 days. Furthermore, compared with other commercial buccal patches, the double-layered patch exhibited an enhanced wet adhesion strength of 37.74 kPa. In addition, mucosal tissue penetration experiment confirmed that the double-layered patch could reach the lamina propria, ensuring effective drug delivery to the lesion site of oral submucous fibrosis. These results illustrate the promising potential of the drug-loaded mucoadhesive microneedle patch for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.
PubMed: 37781532
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1251583 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023The purpose of this study was to investigate the oxidative stability and physicochemical properties of pork emulsion sausages with whey protein-tannic acid conjugate and...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the oxidative stability and physicochemical properties of pork emulsion sausages with whey protein-tannic acid conjugate and native whey protein. Over the course of 21 days, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of sausages containing a whey protein-tannic acid conjugate were lower than those of sausages with regular whey protein ( < 0.05). Kinetically, sausage containing the whey protein-tannic acid conjugate (k = 0.0242 day) appeared to last longer than sausage containing regular whey protein (k = 0.0667 day). The addition of the whey protein-tannic acid conjugate had no effect on product texture because there was no difference in hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, or water-holding capacity between the control and treated samples at Day 0 ( > 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that, at Day 21, the control sausage exhibited emulsion coalescence, as evidenced by an increase in the number of oil droplets and large voids, but not the whey protein-tannic acid conjugate-added sausage. There was no variation in the *, *, and * values of the sausages when the whey protein-tannic acid conjugate was added ( > 0.05). However, there was a little increase in ΔE value in the treated sample. Thus, the whey-protein-tannic acid conjugate appeared to stabilize the lipid and physicochemical properties of the sausages by lowering the rate of TBARS production, retaining texture, water-holding capacity, and color, as well as by minimizing lipid coalescence during refrigerated storage.
PubMed: 37509856
DOI: 10.3390/foods12142766 -
Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2024Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The growing concern of drug resistance of this infection has cautioned the need for...
BACKGROUND
Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The growing concern of drug resistance of this infection has cautioned the need for new drug development. We evaluated the potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and tannic acid (TA) on cells. In addition, the cytotoxicity of agents on Vero cells was investigated.
METHODS
cells were axenically cultured in TYI-S-33 medium. In vitro antiproliferative activity of α-pinene, TA, and metronidazole was investigated against cells. The assays were carried out in triplicate using microtiter plate and trypan blue staining method. Annexin V/PI staining with flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis induction. In addition, the cytotoxic effect was measured by MTT assay.
RESULTS
α-Pinene and TA exhibited significant inhibition of the cells and the lowest IC values were 22.9 μg/ml and 140 μg/ml at 48 hours' incubation, respectively. The CC was found at 116 μg/ml for α-pinene and 473 μg/ml for TA, after 48 hours of treatment. The flow cytometry study demonstrated that the natural compounds induced apoptosis in cells. After 24 hours of treatment, the induction of apoptosis was 5.2% - 36.6% at concentrations of 3.9 - 62.5 μg/ml for α-pinene and TA induced-apoptosis was 6.1% - 53.8% at concentrations of 125-2000 μg/ml.
CONCLUSION
Although the results show the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and TA on cells, in vivo studies are needed to further clarify the effects of these compounds.
PubMed: 38654943
DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v19i1.15189 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023is a zoonotic opportunistic pathogen that represents a significant threat to public health. Previous studies have shown that tannic acid (TA) has an inhibitory effect...
is a zoonotic opportunistic pathogen that represents a significant threat to public health. Previous studies have shown that tannic acid (TA) has an inhibitory effect on a variety of bacteria. In this study, the proteome and transcriptome of were analyzed to comprehensively assess changes in genes and proteins induced by TA. Initial observations of morphological changes revealed that TA damaged the integrity of the cell membrane. Next, proteomic and genetic analyses showed that exposure to TA altered the expression levels of 651 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, 283 upregulated and 368 downregulated) and 503 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 191 upregulated and 312 downregulated). Analysis of the identified DEPs and DEGs suggested that TA damages the integrity of the cell envelope by decreasing the expression and protein abundance of enzymes involved in the synthesis of peptidoglycans, teichoic acids and fatty acids, such as , and . After treatment with TA, the assembly of ribosomes in was severely impaired by significant reductions in available ribosome components, and thus protein synthesis was hindered. The levels of genes and proteins associated with amino acids and purine synthesis were remarkably decreased, which further reduced bacterial viability. In addition, ABC transporters, which are involved in amino acid and ion transport, were also badly affected. Our results reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TA on and provide a theoretical basis for the application of TA as an antibacterial chemotherapeutic agent.
PubMed: 37654613
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1178177 -
Biomaterials Research Oct 2023Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Poststroke rehabilitation is still unsatisfactory in clinics, which brings great pain and...
BACKGROUND
Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Poststroke rehabilitation is still unsatisfactory in clinics, which brings great pain and economic burdens to stroke patients. In this study, an injectable hydrogel in which tannic acid (TA) acts as not only a building block but also a therapeutic drug, was developed for poststroke rehabilitation.
METHODS
TA is used as a building block to form an injectable hydrogel (TA gel) with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) by multivalent hydrogen bonds. The morphology, rheological properties, and TA release behavior of the hydrogel were characterized. The abilities of the TA gel to modulate microglial (BV2 cells) polarization and subsequently enhance the neuroplasticity of neuro cells (N2a cells) were assessed in vitro. The TA gel was injected into the cavity of stroke mice to evaluate motor function recovery, microglial polarization, and neuroplasticity in vivo. The molecular pathway through which TA modulates microglial polarization was also explored both in vitro and in vivo.
RESULTS
The TA gel exhibited sustainable release behavior of TA. The TA gel can suppress the expression of CD16 and IL-1β, and upregulate the expression of CD206 and TGF-β in oxygen and glucose-deprived (OGD) BV2 cells, indicating the regulation of OGD BV2 cells to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in vitro. This finding further shows that the decrease in synaptophysin and PSD95 in OGD N2a cells is effectively recovered by anti-inflammatory BV2 cells. Furthermore, the TA gel decreased CD16/iNOS expression and increased CD206 expression in the peri-infarct area of stroke mice, implying anti-inflammatory polarization of microglia in vivo. The colocalization of PSD95 and Vglut1 stains, as well as Golgi staining, showed the enhancement of neuroplasticity by the TA gel. Spontaneously, the TA gel successfully recovered the motor function of stroke mice. The western blot results in vitro and in vivo suggested that the TA gel regulated microglial polarization via the NF-κB pathway.
CONCLUSION
The TA gel serves as an effective brain injectable implant to treat stroke and shows promising potential to promote poststroke rehabilitation in the clinic.
PubMed: 37908012
DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00444-0 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Jun 2023Developing an antibiotic-free wound dressing with effective hemostasis and antibacterial and antioxidant capacity is highly desirable. In this work, a three-dimensional...
Developing an antibiotic-free wound dressing with effective hemostasis and antibacterial and antioxidant capacity is highly desirable. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol-tannic acid porous nanofiber sponge (3D-TA) was prepared via electrospinning. Compared with two-dimensional (2D) fiber membrane, the unique fluffy 3D-TA nanofiber sponge had high porosity, water absorption and retention ability, hemostatic capacity. Furthermore, the 3D sponge functionalized by tannic acid (TA) endow the sponge with high antibacterial and antioxidant capacity without loading antibiotics. In addition, 3D-TA composite sponges have shown highly biocompatibility against L929 cells. The in vivo experiment shows the 3D-TA is enable to accelerate wound healing. This newly 3D-TA sponges hold great potential as wound dressings for future clinical application.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Porosity; Nanofibers; Wound Healing; Antioxidants; Hemostasis; Animals; Mice; Cell Line
PubMed: 37312106
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01922-2 -
Poultry Science Dec 2023This study was conducted to evaluate tannic acid (TA) as an antibacterial agent against Salmonella Typhimurium in in vitro and in vivo chicken models. The TA formed an...
This study was conducted to evaluate tannic acid (TA) as an antibacterial agent against Salmonella Typhimurium in in vitro and in vivo chicken models. The TA formed an inhibitory zone against Salmonella enterica serotypes including S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and S. Infantis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of TA against Salmonella Typhimurium nalidixic acid resistant strain (ST) were determined as 40 and 700 μg/mL, respectively. Sublethal doses of TA (5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) restricted swimming and swarming motility and biofilm formation of ST compared to the control group (0 μg/mL) (P < 0.05). The TA-bovine serum albumin (BSA) complex formed at simulated gastric pH (pH 3.75) was hydrolyzed at pH 6.75 and 7.25 (P < 0.05), and the hydrolysis of the TA-BSA complex was stronger at pH 7.25 compared to the pH 6.75 (P < 0.05). The inhibitory zone of the TA-BSA complex against ST at pH 6.75 was lower than TA without BSA at 30 and 60 min (P < 0.05), but not at 120 min (P > 0.1). The inhibitory zone of the TA-BSA complex against ST at pH 7.25 was not decreased at 0, 30, and 60 min compared to TA without BSA (P > 0.1). The recovery rate of TA was 83, 54.8, 10.5, and 19.6% in the gizzard, jejunum, ileum, and ceca, respectively, in broiler chickens. The ST-infected broilers fed 0.25 g/kg of TA had significantly lower unweighted beta diversity distance compared to the sham-challenged control (SCC) and challenged controlled (CC) group on D 21. TA supplementation linearly (P < 0.05) and quadratically (tendency; P = 0.071) reduced relative abundance of the family Peptostreptococcaceae in broilers infected with ST on D 7. TA supplementation linearly (P < 0.05) and quadratically (tendency; P = 0.06) increased the relative abundance of the family Erysipelotrichaceae in broilers infected with ST on D 21. Therefore, TA has potential to be used as an antibacterial agent against the S. Typhimurium infection in broilers.
Topics: Animals; Salmonella typhimurium; Chickens; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 37844525
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102987 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023causes necrotic enteritis (NE) after proliferation in the intestine of poultry, resulting in considerable losses to the poultry industry. This study aimed to...
causes necrotic enteritis (NE) after proliferation in the intestine of poultry, resulting in considerable losses to the poultry industry. This study aimed to investigate the impact of tannic acid on the antioxidant, immunity, and gut health of broilers with NE. In the experiment, 630 one-day-old Cobb500 male chicks were randomly divided into six treatment groups, with seven replicate cages and with fifteen birds in each cage. The treatment groups were as follows: control group (NC), challenged group (PC), and challenged NE chickens treated with 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg tannic acid (PTA1, PTA2, PTA3, and PTA4, respectively). To induce NE, coccidia vaccine and were administered on day 19 and days 22-28, respectively. Indexes related to antioxidant, immune, and intestinal health were measured on days 28 and 35. During the infection period, we observed significant increases in fecal water content, D-LA, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde concentrations ( < 0.05). Conversely, significant decreases were noted in chyme pH and in T-AOC, IL-4, and IL-10 concentrations ( < 0.05). The addition of tannic acid exhibited a linear decrease in fecal water content and TNF-α concentration ( < 0.05). Furthermore, tannic acid supplementation resulted in a quadratic curve decrease in D-LA concentration and linear increases in T-AOC, IL-4, and IL-10 ( < 0.05). Cecal microbiological analysis revealed that Ruminococcaceae and were dominant in PTA3. In conclusion, the dietary addition of tannic acid may reduce the negative effects of NE by increasing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, improving the intestinal barrier, and regulating the intestinal flora.
PubMed: 37508014
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071476 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2023Accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage diminishes cellular health, increases risk of developmental and degenerative diseases, and accelerates aging.... (Review)
Review
Protective Effects of Micronutrient Supplements, Phytochemicals and Phytochemical-Rich Beverages and Foods Against DNA Damage in Humans: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Studies.
Accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage diminishes cellular health, increases risk of developmental and degenerative diseases, and accelerates aging. Optimizing nutrient intake can minimize accrual of DNA damage. The objectives of this review are to: 1) assemble and systematically analyze high-level evidence for the effect of supplementation with micronutrients and phytochemicals on baseline levels of DNA damage in humans, and 2) use this knowledge to identify which of these essential micronutrients or nonessential phytochemicals promote DNA integrity in vivo in humans. We conducted systematic literature searches of the PubMed database to identify interventional, prospective, cross-sectional, or in vitro studies that explored the association between nutrients and established biomarkers of DNA damage associated with developmental and degenerative disease risk. Biomarkers included lymphocyte chromosome aberrations, lymphocyte and buccal cell micronuclei, DNA methylation, lymphocyte/leukocyte DNA strand breaks, DNA oxidation, telomere length, telomerase activity, and mitochondrial DNA mutations. Only randomized, controlled interventions and uncontrolled longitudinal intervention studies conducted in humans were selected for evaluation and data extraction. These studies were ranked for the quality of their study design. In all, 96 of the 124 articles identified reported studies that achieved a quality assessment score ≥ 5 (from a maximum score of 7) and were included in the final review. Based on these studies, nutrients associated with protective effects included vitamin A and its precursor β-carotene, vitamins C, E, B1, B12, folate, minerals selenium and zinc, and phytochemicals such as curcumin (with piperine), lycopene, and proanthocyanidins. These findings highlight the importance of nutrients involved in (i) DNA metabolism and repair (folate, vitamin B, and zinc) and (ii) prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation (vitamins A, C, E, lycopene, curcumin, proanthocyanidins, selenium, and zinc). Supplementation with certain micronutrients and their combinations may reduce DNA damage and promote cellular health by improving the maintenance of genome integrity.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Lycopene; Cross-Sectional Studies; Curcumin; Proanthocyanidins; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamins; Vitamin A; Micronutrients; Folic Acid; Zinc; Beverages; Phytochemicals; DNA; DNA Damage; Biomarkers; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37573943
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.004