-
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Oct 2022In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the pharmacological efficacy of tannins. Tannic acid (TA), the simplest hydrolysable tannin that has been approved... (Review)
Review
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the pharmacological efficacy of tannins. Tannic acid (TA), the simplest hydrolysable tannin that has been approved by the FDA as a safe food additive, is one of the most important components of these traditional medicines. Studies have shown that TA displays a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antitumor, cardioprotective, and anti-pathogenic effects. Here, we summarize the known pharmacological effects and associated mechanisms of TA. We focus on the effect and mechanism of TA in various animal models of inflammatory disease and organ, brain, and cardiovascular injury. Moreover, we discuss the possible molecular targets and signaling pathways of TA, in addition to the pharmacological effects of TA-based nanoparticles and TA in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs.
Topics: Animals; Nanoparticles; Signal Transduction; Tannins
PubMed: 36029537
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113561 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Aug 2019Proanthocyanidins are condensed tannins with various pharmacological properties. These phytochemicals are considered as 'offense and defense molecules because of their... (Review)
Review
Proanthocyanidins are condensed tannins with various pharmacological properties. These phytochemicals are considered as 'offense and defense molecules because of their human health benefits. The validation of their diverse health aspects, namely, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial has earned them repute in thermochemistry. Proanthocyanidins are oligo- or polymers of monomeric flavan-3-ols produced as an end product of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Agricultural wastes and food processing wastes contain immense amount of proanthocyanidins, exploitation of which can be a sustainable source of dietary supplements and functional ingredients. The current review article discusses recent developments in the health promoting properties of proanthocyanidins and the associated hurdles.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Proanthocyanidins
PubMed: 31146109
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108999 -
Nutrients Sep 2020Plant-based diets are associated with reduced risk of lifestyle-induced chronic diseases. The thousands of phytochemicals they contain are implicated in cellular-based... (Review)
Review
Plant-based diets are associated with reduced risk of lifestyle-induced chronic diseases. The thousands of phytochemicals they contain are implicated in cellular-based mechanisms to promote antioxidant defense and reduce inflammation. While recommendations encourage the intake of fruits and vegetables, most people fall short of their target daily intake. Despite the need to increase plant-food consumption, there have been some concerns raised about whether they are beneficial because of the various 'anti-nutrient' compounds they contain. Some of these anti-nutrients that have been called into question included lectins, oxalates, goitrogens, phytoestrogens, phytates, and tannins. As a result, there may be select individuals with specific health conditions who elect to decrease their plant food intake despite potential benefits. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the science of these 'anti-nutrients' and weigh the evidence of whether these compounds pose an actual health threat.
Topics: Antioxidants; Antithyroid Agents; Cooking; Diet, Vegetarian; Food Handling; Fruit; Humans; Lectins; Nutrients; Oxalates; Phytic Acid; Phytochemicals; Phytoestrogens; Tannins; Vegetables
PubMed: 32987890
DOI: 10.3390/nu12102929 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Nov 2022Urolithins, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from the polyphenols ellagitannins and ellagic acid, are discovered by the research group in humans almost 20... (Review)
Review
Urolithins, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from the polyphenols ellagitannins and ellagic acid, are discovered by the research group in humans almost 20 years ago. Pioneering research suggests urolithins as pleiotropic bioactive contributors to explain the health benefits after consuming ellagitannin-rich sources (pomegranates, walnuts, strawberries, etc.). Here, this study comprehensively updates the knowledge on urolithins, emphasizing the review of the literature published during the last 5 years. To date, 13 urolithins and their corresponding conjugated metabolites (glucuronides, sulfates, etc.) have been described and, depending on the urolithin, detected in different human fluids and tissues (urine, blood, feces, breastmilk, prostate, colon, and breast tissues). There has been a substantial advance in the research on microorganisms involved in urolithin production, along with the compositional and functional characterization of the gut microbiota associated with urolithins metabolism that gives rise to the so-called urolithin metabotypes (UM-A, UM-B, and UM-0), relevant in human health. The design of in vitro studies using physiologically relevant assay conditions (molecular forms and concentrations) is still a pending subject, making some reported urolithin activities questionable. In contrast, remarkable progress has been made in the research on the safety, bioactivity, and associated mechanisms of urolithin A, including the first human interventions.
Topics: Male; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Coumarins; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Feces; Ellagic Acid; Juglans
PubMed: 35118817
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101019 -
Biomolecules Mar 2021Tannins are a family of versatile, natural phenolic biomolecules whose main role is to protect plants against insects and fungi [...].
Tannins are a family of versatile, natural phenolic biomolecules whose main role is to protect plants against insects and fungi [...].
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Coloring Agents; Humans; Plants; Serum Albumin; Tannins
PubMed: 33809775
DOI: 10.3390/biom11030442 -
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics Jul 2022There are trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine. They can react to the intestinal microenvironment by metabolizing food or producing small molecular... (Review)
Review
There are trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine. They can react to the intestinal microenvironment by metabolizing food or producing small molecular compounds to affect the host's digestive ability and resist the risk of infection and autoimmune diseases. Many studies have revealed that intestinal flora and its metabolites play an important role in human physiology and the development of diseases. Urolithins are kind of intestinal microbiota metabolites of ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA) with potent biological activity in vivo. However, different individuals have different intestinal flora. According to the different metabolites from ETs and EA, it is divided into three metabo-types including UM-A, UM-B and UM-0. This paper reviews the origin of urolithins, the urolithin producing microorganisms and the effects of urolithins on regulating intestinal diseases. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of urolithins in the homeostasis of intestinal flora and a reference for the scientific utilization of urolithins and foods rich in ETs and EA.
Topics: Coumarins; Ellagic Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Intestines
PubMed: 35753772
DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01039 -
Food Chemistry Nov 2022Antinutrients (ANs) interact with proteins changing its behavior and may affect Maillard reaction (MR). This work aimed to study the effect of phytic acid, tannic acid,...
Antinutrients (ANs) interact with proteins changing its behavior and may affect Maillard reaction (MR). This work aimed to study the effect of phytic acid, tannic acid, and saponin on asparagine-glucose MR. The effect of AN concentration (0-1 mM) and reaction time (3-30 min at 150 °C) on the formation of melanoidins and acrylamide was determined. Other MR compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. The ANs effect on asparagine-glucose thermal behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Results showed that ANs increase the melanoidins formation. Acrylamide content increased in saponin and phytic acid presence. The volatile profile was similar among the samples and formed mainly by pyrazines (>50%). ANs affect glucose's melting point, however, only phytic acid and saponin affect asparagine and glucose thermal behavior. The results presented in this work are important for food science and the industry to control MR in processed foods.
Topics: Acrylamide; Asparagine; Glucose; Hot Temperature; Maillard Reaction; Phytic Acid; Saponins; Tannins
PubMed: 35749878
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133518 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins,... (Review)
Review
Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins, structural carbohydrates and starch) can link tannins and their digestion can decrease. Tannins can be classified into two groups: hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Tannins are polyphenols, which can directly or indirectly affect intake and digestion. Their ability to bind molecules and form complexes depends on the structure of polyphenols and on the macromolecule involved. Tannins have long been known to be an "anti-nutritional agent" in monogastric and poultry animals. Using good tannins' proper application protocols helped the researchers observe positive effects on the intestinal microbial ecosystem, gut health, and animal production. Plant tannins are used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics, and many factors have been described by researchers which contribute to the variability in their efficiencies. The objective of this study was to review the literature about tannins, their effects and use in ruminant nutrition.
Topics: Animals; Tannins; Ecosystem; Ruminants; Polyphenols; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Plants; Animal Feed
PubMed: 36500366
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238273 -
Nutrients Jun 2021The aim of this publication is to compile a summary of the findings regarding punicalagin in various tissues described thus far in the literature, with an emphasis on... (Review)
Review
The aim of this publication is to compile a summary of the findings regarding punicalagin in various tissues described thus far in the literature, with an emphasis on the effect of this substance on immune reactions. Punicalagin (PUN) is an ellagitannin found in the peel of pomegranate (). It is a polyphenol with proven antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic and chemopreventive activities, antiproliferative activity against tumor cells; it inhibits inflammatory pathways and the action of toxic substances, and is highly tolerated. This work describes the source, metabolism, functions and effects of punicalagin, its derivatives and metabolites. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are described.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biological Availability; Ellagic Acid; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Immunosuppressive Agents; Metabolome
PubMed: 34201484
DOI: 10.3390/nu13072150 -
Human & Experimental Toxicology 2022Epileptic seizures are associated with the release of potentially neurotoxic amount of glutamate, which results in the over-production of free radicals and inflammatory...
BACKGROUND
Epileptic seizures are associated with the release of potentially neurotoxic amount of glutamate, which results in the over-production of free radicals and inflammatory factors, and induction of neuronal cell death. Current study evaluated the effect of tannic acid (TA) on Kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures in mice.
METHODS
Mice were divided into the six groups. Group I was administrated with normal saline (NS; 1 mL/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)), Group II was injected with KA (15 mg/kg, i.p.), Groups III was treated with diazepam (DZ; 20 mg/kg, i.p.) and KA (15 mg/kg, i.p.), Groups IV-VI were treated with TA (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) and KA (15 mg/kg, i.p.). Animals received all treatments 30 min before injection of KA. After the injection of KA, mice were observed for seizure (latency, activity and duration) and mortality for 2 h. In the brain tissue, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory markers were evaluated in addition to the determination of histological alterations in the CA1 molecular layer of hippocampus.
RESULTS
reatment with TA significantly increased latency could not significantly decrease mice mortality. treatment with TA significantly improved KA-induced pyramidal cell loss and change in the arrangement of CA1 molecular layer.
CONCLUSIONS
Tannic acid may be useful in the control of epileptic seizures through regulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
Topics: Animals; Hippocampus; Inflammation; Kainic Acid; Mice; Neuroprotective Agents; Seizures; Tannins
PubMed: 35544363
DOI: 10.1177/09603271221093989