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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Oct 2022In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the pharmacological efficacy of tannins. Tannic acid (TA), the simplest hydrolysable tannin that has been approved... (Review)
Review
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the pharmacological efficacy of tannins. Tannic acid (TA), the simplest hydrolysable tannin that has been approved by the FDA as a safe food additive, is one of the most important components of these traditional medicines. Studies have shown that TA displays a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antitumor, cardioprotective, and anti-pathogenic effects. Here, we summarize the known pharmacological effects and associated mechanisms of TA. We focus on the effect and mechanism of TA in various animal models of inflammatory disease and organ, brain, and cardiovascular injury. Moreover, we discuss the possible molecular targets and signaling pathways of TA, in addition to the pharmacological effects of TA-based nanoparticles and TA in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs.
Topics: Animals; Nanoparticles; Signal Transduction; Tannins
PubMed: 36029537
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113561 -
Biomolecules Mar 2021Tannins are a family of versatile, natural phenolic biomolecules whose main role is to protect plants against insects and fungi [...].
Tannins are a family of versatile, natural phenolic biomolecules whose main role is to protect plants against insects and fungi [...].
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Coloring Agents; Humans; Plants; Serum Albumin; Tannins
PubMed: 33809775
DOI: 10.3390/biom11030442 -
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics Jul 2022There are trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine. They can react to the intestinal microenvironment by metabolizing food or producing small molecular... (Review)
Review
There are trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine. They can react to the intestinal microenvironment by metabolizing food or producing small molecular compounds to affect the host's digestive ability and resist the risk of infection and autoimmune diseases. Many studies have revealed that intestinal flora and its metabolites play an important role in human physiology and the development of diseases. Urolithins are kind of intestinal microbiota metabolites of ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA) with potent biological activity in vivo. However, different individuals have different intestinal flora. According to the different metabolites from ETs and EA, it is divided into three metabo-types including UM-A, UM-B and UM-0. This paper reviews the origin of urolithins, the urolithin producing microorganisms and the effects of urolithins on regulating intestinal diseases. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of urolithins in the homeostasis of intestinal flora and a reference for the scientific utilization of urolithins and foods rich in ETs and EA.
Topics: Coumarins; Ellagic Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Intestines
PubMed: 35753772
DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01039 -
Food Chemistry Nov 2022Antinutrients (ANs) interact with proteins changing its behavior and may affect Maillard reaction (MR). This work aimed to study the effect of phytic acid, tannic acid,...
Antinutrients (ANs) interact with proteins changing its behavior and may affect Maillard reaction (MR). This work aimed to study the effect of phytic acid, tannic acid, and saponin on asparagine-glucose MR. The effect of AN concentration (0-1 mM) and reaction time (3-30 min at 150 °C) on the formation of melanoidins and acrylamide was determined. Other MR compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. The ANs effect on asparagine-glucose thermal behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Results showed that ANs increase the melanoidins formation. Acrylamide content increased in saponin and phytic acid presence. The volatile profile was similar among the samples and formed mainly by pyrazines (>50%). ANs affect glucose's melting point, however, only phytic acid and saponin affect asparagine and glucose thermal behavior. The results presented in this work are important for food science and the industry to control MR in processed foods.
Topics: Acrylamide; Asparagine; Glucose; Hot Temperature; Maillard Reaction; Phytic Acid; Saponins; Tannins
PubMed: 35749878
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133518 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins,... (Review)
Review
Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins, structural carbohydrates and starch) can link tannins and their digestion can decrease. Tannins can be classified into two groups: hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Tannins are polyphenols, which can directly or indirectly affect intake and digestion. Their ability to bind molecules and form complexes depends on the structure of polyphenols and on the macromolecule involved. Tannins have long been known to be an "anti-nutritional agent" in monogastric and poultry animals. Using good tannins' proper application protocols helped the researchers observe positive effects on the intestinal microbial ecosystem, gut health, and animal production. Plant tannins are used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics, and many factors have been described by researchers which contribute to the variability in their efficiencies. The objective of this study was to review the literature about tannins, their effects and use in ruminant nutrition.
Topics: Animals; Tannins; Ecosystem; Ruminants; Polyphenols; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Plants; Animal Feed
PubMed: 36500366
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238273 -
Human & Experimental Toxicology 2022Epileptic seizures are associated with the release of potentially neurotoxic amount of glutamate, which results in the over-production of free radicals and inflammatory...
BACKGROUND
Epileptic seizures are associated with the release of potentially neurotoxic amount of glutamate, which results in the over-production of free radicals and inflammatory factors, and induction of neuronal cell death. Current study evaluated the effect of tannic acid (TA) on Kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures in mice.
METHODS
Mice were divided into the six groups. Group I was administrated with normal saline (NS; 1 mL/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)), Group II was injected with KA (15 mg/kg, i.p.), Groups III was treated with diazepam (DZ; 20 mg/kg, i.p.) and KA (15 mg/kg, i.p.), Groups IV-VI were treated with TA (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) and KA (15 mg/kg, i.p.). Animals received all treatments 30 min before injection of KA. After the injection of KA, mice were observed for seizure (latency, activity and duration) and mortality for 2 h. In the brain tissue, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory markers were evaluated in addition to the determination of histological alterations in the CA1 molecular layer of hippocampus.
RESULTS
reatment with TA significantly increased latency could not significantly decrease mice mortality. treatment with TA significantly improved KA-induced pyramidal cell loss and change in the arrangement of CA1 molecular layer.
CONCLUSIONS
Tannic acid may be useful in the control of epileptic seizures through regulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
Topics: Animals; Hippocampus; Inflammation; Kainic Acid; Mice; Neuroprotective Agents; Seizures; Tannins
PubMed: 35544363
DOI: 10.1177/09603271221093989 -
Biomolecules Aug 2019The origin of tannins, their historical evolution, their different types, and their applications are described. Old and established applications are described, as well... (Review)
Review
The origin of tannins, their historical evolution, their different types, and their applications are described. Old and established applications are described, as well as the future applications which are being developed at present and that promise to have an industrial impact in the future. The chemistry of some of these applications is discussed where it is essential to understand the tannins and their derivates role. The essential points of each application, their drawbacks, and their chance of industrial application are briefly discussed. The article presents historical applications of tannins, such as leather, or traditional medicine, and more recent applications.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Tannins
PubMed: 31387308
DOI: 10.3390/biom9080344 -
International Journal of Biological... 2022Tannins are polyphenols enriched in wood, bark, roots, leaves, seeds and fruits of a variety of plants. Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing interest... (Review)
Review
Tannins are polyphenols enriched in wood, bark, roots, leaves, seeds and fruits of a variety of plants. Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the biological functions of tannins and their applications as antioxidants, anticancer drugs, and food additives. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, much effort has been devoted to finding an expedient cure. Tannins have been put forward as having possible anti-COVID-19 properties; however, owing to the profuse nature of the structurally diverse derivatives of tannins, the tannin species in the family associated with an indication of anti-COVID-19 have been poorly defined, compounded by frequent terminology misnomers. This article reviews the tannin family in fruits and the current knowledge about the activities of the compounds with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It will aid molecular and cellular biologists in developing natural anti-viral chemicals as means of overcoming the current and future pandemics.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Tannins; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35874955
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.74676 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2021Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of... (Review)
Review
Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. The discovery of graphene (G) has unexpectedly impulsed research on developing cost-effective electrode materials owed to its unique physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, elevated carrier mobility, exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, strong stiffness and strength combined with flexibility and optical transparency. G and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the area of optical and electrochemical sensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets amphiphilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. G-based nanomaterials can be easily combined with different types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals and metal oxides, quantum dots, organic polymers, and biomolecules, to yield a wide range of nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for sensor applications. This review provides an overview of recent research on G-based nanocomposites for the detection of bioactive compounds, providing insights on the unique advantages offered by G and its derivatives. Their synthesis process, functionalization routes, and main properties are summarized, and the main challenges are also discussed. The antioxidants selected for this review are melatonin, gallic acid, tannic acid, resveratrol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and curcumin. They were chosen owed to their beneficial properties for human health, including antibiotic, antiviral, cardiovascular protector, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, antiageing, antidegenerative, and antiallergic capacity. The sensitivity and selectivity of G-based electrochemical and fluorescent sensors are also examined. Finally, the future outlook for the development of G-based sensors for this type of biocompounds is outlined.
Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biosensing Techniques; Curcumin; Electric Conductivity; Electrodes; Free Radicals; Gallic Acid; Graphite; Humans; Iridoid Glucosides; Melatonin; Metals; Nanocomposites; Nanostructures; Oxides; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Quantum Dots; Resveratrol; Tannins; Tocopherols
PubMed: 33804997
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073316 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2020Tannins are polyphenolic compounds naturally found in vegetables. Their presence in nature has prompted their historical use in many different ways. The revision of... (Review)
Review
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds naturally found in vegetables. Their presence in nature has prompted their historical use in many different ways. The revision of their traditional utilization has allowed their further modification aiming for an industrial application. Sometimes these modifications have implied the addition of harmful substances such as formaldehyde, classified as a carcinogen of category B1. In other cases, these natural tannins have been replaced by synthetic compounds that threaten human and animal health and damage the environment. Therefore, currently, both academy and industry are searching for the substitution of these unsafe complexes by the increasing inclusion of tannins, natural molecules that can be obtained from several and diverse renewable resources, modified using harmless additives. To achieve promising results, cost-efficient and eco-friendly extraction methods have been designed. Once these green alternatives have been isolated, they have been successfully applied to many fields with very assorted aims of utilization such as coagulants, adhesives, floatation agents, tannings, dyes, additives, or biomolecules. Therefore, this review offers a global vision of the full process that involves the tannin's technological application including an overview of the most relevant tannin sources, effective extraction methods, and their utilization in very diverse fields.
Topics: Adhesives; Animals; Anticoagulants; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Antiviral Agents; Humans; Plant Extracts; Tannins
PubMed: 32019231
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030614