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Bulletin of the New York Academy of... 1988
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Humans; Mass Media; Periodicals as Topic; United States
PubMed: 3233437
DOI: No ID Found -
Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.... 1988The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is estimated to have infected more than a million people in the United States and millions more in other countries. Even though...
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is estimated to have infected more than a million people in the United States and millions more in other countries. Even though there is no vaccine or effective treatment, HIV infection can be prevented through behavioral change. As the lead Public Health Service Agency for disease prevention, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has designed and implemented information and education activities with the ultimate goal of preventing HIV infection and AIDS in the United States. The target populations include the general public, school- and college-aged populations, persons infected or at increased risk of infection, minorities, and health workers. Because AIDS will be with us for a long time, CDC views educating the public as a long-term undertaking. The agency has initiated an intensive continuing national public information campaign, an informational brochure to be distributed to every U.S. household, a national AIDS information toll-free hotline, and a clearinghouse system that will maintain a comprehensive inventory of AIDS information resources and services. CDC also supports public information and education efforts by State and local health agencies. To reach school- and college-age youth, CDC, in consultation with governmental and national private sector organizations, developed guidelines for effective school health education to assist school health personnel in determining the scope and content of AIDS education. CDC also works with State and local education agencies to help carry out and evaluate educational efforts to prevent the spread of HIV among school- and college-age youth. The populations with the highest priority for AIDS information and education efforts are those who are at increased risk of acquiring or transmitting the AIDS virus because they use illicit intravenous drugs and share needles, engage in anal intercourse, have many sexual partners, practice prostitution, or engage in sex with those who practice these behaviors. Another high-priority population, because they can infect their offspring,is reproductive age women engaging in high-risk behavior and women infected with HIV who become pregnant. CDC programs targeted to these groups include community health education and risk reduction interventions, counseling and testing for HIV infection, AIDS community demonstration projects, perinatal AIDS prevention projects,and programs focused on preventing AIDS in minority populations. CDC is developing a variety of educational approaches for health workers in clinical settings because they are an important channel for providing accurate AIDS information, helping to assess risk, and counseling to actively reduce risk for the patient, sex partners of the patient, friends, and family members of the patient. CDC has conducted research and provided information and training on the use of HIV laboratory tests. CDC has also developed numerous scientific and technical guidelines and recommendations in consultation with practitioners, public health officials, and others and disseminated these through the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. In addition,CDC has provided information about the risk of HIV transmission in the workplace and about methods of prevention. CDC will continue to evaluate these activities and support research in education and related interventions that may be necessary to prevent infection by the HIV virus. By providing educational support for behavior changes that decrease HIV transmission, we can contribute to AIDS prevention in the 1990s.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Child; Community Health Services; Health Education; Health Workforce; Humans; Minority Groups; United States
PubMed: 2836879
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Journal of Public Health =... 2003
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Canada; Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 12675161
DOI: 10.1007/BF03404577 -
Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.... 1990The investigators interviewed 100 drug users in a detoxification facility before and after they received information about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and...
The investigators interviewed 100 drug users in a detoxification facility before and after they received information about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The drug users already had a considerable amount of information about AIDS and HIV transmission modes before they received the information. However, 79 percent of them reported never having used condoms. Fifty percent of intravenous drug users acknowledged having shared needles during the previous year. Subjects exhibited psychological denial in appraising the riskiness of their personal sexual and needle-sharing behaviors, which they rated as less risky than those activities in general. Following their participation in an AIDS and HIV education program, their knowledge concerning modes of transmission and disease progression increased. Subjects became more aware of their personal risk for HIV infection, and their faith in condom effectiveness and their intent to use them increased. Intravenous drug users reported increased determination to stop their drug use. The results suggest that AIDS education efforts can be useful in programs to help prevent HIV transmission among drug users.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Denial, Psychological; Female; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Internal-External Control; Learning; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; New York City; Random Allocation; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 2120728
DOI: No ID Found -
Bulletin of the World Health... Jun 2004
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Humans; International Cooperation; World Health Organization
PubMed: 15356929
DOI: No ID Found -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Jun 2001There is a crisis of public faith in science and scientists. Recent research shows concern over scientific ethics, transparency and who benefits from research and... (Review)
Review
There is a crisis of public faith in science and scientists. Recent research shows concern over scientific ethics, transparency and who benefits from research and development, exemplified in the genetically modified organism debate. Scientific discussion of the polio vaccine hypothesis for the origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been systematically suppressed for more than 12 years. The author calls for an international multidisciplinary inquiry into the origin of AIDS, arguing it is essential to human health, prevention of new pandemics, and to protect the integrity of science in the eyes of the public.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Animals; HIV-1; Humans; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Public Opinion; Truth Disclosure
PubMed: 11405943
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2001.0878 -
Croatian Medical Journal Apr 2004
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Attitude to Health; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Health Priorities; History, 20th Century; Humans; Sociology, Medical; World Health Organization
PubMed: 15103765
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Feb 1988
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Education as Topic; Physicians, Family; United Kingdom
PubMed: 3126885
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.296.6621.516 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Sep 2014Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has the ability to affect any organ in the body. In 70% of HIV -infected patients ocular manifestations were observed, these, in the...
UNLABELLED
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has the ability to affect any organ in the body. In 70% of HIV -infected patients ocular manifestations were observed, these, in the vast majority reflect the systemic disease and may be the first signs of disseminated infections.
AIM
The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of posterior segment ocular manifestations in HIV / AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) patients.
METHOD
The study is retrospective, conducted in the Cabinet of Ophthalmology of "Matei Bals" Infectious Diseases Hospital in Bucharest, during the period 1 August 2007 - 1 August 2013 . Each patient was examined thoroughly at the biomicroscope ocular slit by using 90D microscope lens and 20D indirect lens after the administration of topical mydriatics.
RESULTS
348 patients with HIV/AIDS and ocular disorders were followed. There was a high number of children and young people with HIV who had eye disorders (194 patients aged between 14 and 25 years). 44.25% of patients had posterior segment ocular damage, 17.55% of them had the anterior segment affected. 22.90% of the 131 patients with compromised posterior segment microangiopathy have been diagnosed with HIV / AIDS.
CONCLUSIONS
Doctors should be aware of the existence of ocular damage in HIV / AIDS and to emphasize the importance of regular ophthalmologic examination of patients with HIV / AIDS.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Eye Diseases; Humans; Mydriatics; Posterior Eye Segment; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Romania; Slit Lamp
PubMed: 25408764
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2014Fertility desires require new understanding in a context of expanding access to antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper...
OBJECTIVES
Fertility desires require new understanding in a context of expanding access to antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper studies the fertility desires and their rationales, of slum-dwelling Kenyan men and women living with HIV/AIDS who know their serostatus, but have different antiretroviral therapy treatment statuses. It addresses two research questions: How do people living with HIV/AIDS consider their future fertility? What factors contribute to an explanation of fertility desires among people living with HIV/AIDS.
METHODS
A mixed methods study (survey [nā=ā513] and in-depth interviews [nā=ā41]) with adults living with HIV/AIDS living in Nairobi slums was conducted in 2010. Regression analyses assess independent relationships between fertility desires and socio-demographic factors. Analyses of in-depth interviews are used to interpret the statistical analyses of fertility desires.
RESULTS
Our analyses show that fertility desires are complex and ambivalent, reflecting tensions between familial and societal pressures to have children versus pressures for HIV (re-)infection prevention. More than a third (34%) of men and women living with HIV expressed future fertility desires; however, this is significantly lower than in the general population. Factors independently associated with desiring a child among people living with HIV/AIDS were age, sex, number of surviving children, social support and household wealth of the respondent.
DISCUSSION
Increasing access to ART is changing the context of future childbearing for people living with HIV/AIDS. Prevailing values mean that, for many people living with HIV/AIDS, having children is seen as necessary for a "normal" and healthy adult life. However, the social rewards of childbearing conflict with moral imperatives of HIV prevention, presenting dilemmas about the "proper" reproductive behaviour of people living with HIV/AIDS. The health policy and service delivery implications of these findings are explored.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Fertility; Humans; Kenya; Male; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 25171593
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106292