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Industrial Health 2014
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidental Falls; Accidents, Occupational; Congresses as Topic; Cooperative Behavior; Global Health; Humans
PubMed: 25345423
DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.52-379 -
PloS One 2023Safety management is a key issue in the railroad industry that needs to be continuously focused on. And it is essential to study causes of accidents for preventing...
Safety management is a key issue in the railroad industry that needs to be continuously focused on. And it is essential to study causes of accidents for preventing accidents. However, there is a limited academic discussion on the systematic study of organizations and accidents, as well as their safety-related interactions and accidents, as opposed to human-caused disasters. Thus, the model of China's railway safety supervision and management system by sorting out the existing organizations involved in management in China is established in this paper. Firstly, social forces and auxiliary enterprises are specifically added to the model. And then, the relationship between organizations and accidents, as well as the relationship between safety interactions among organizations and accidents are explored by analyzing 224 accident reports, which led to 4 principles for accident prevention. Finally, based on these principles, measures to secure organizational nodes, as well as measures to promote safe interactions among organizations are proposed. The results showed that: (1) China Railway node is not only the most critical node in the safety supervision and management system but also the most vulnerable to the influence of other nodes. (2) The accident occurred due to the simultaneous occurrence of an accident at the China Railway node and the social force node. (3) When there are often safety risks in auxiliary enterprises and social forces simultaneously, the government's management is likely to be defective. The findings in this study can provide helpful references not only for improvement of safety management system structure and supervision and management mechanism but also for the formulation of safety supervision and management policies in China and other countries.
Topics: Humans; Safety Management; Accident Prevention; Accidents; China; Organizations
PubMed: 38091322
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295755 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021The implementation of precursor management can improve safety performance of construction projects through effectively managing the correlations between construction...
The implementation of precursor management can improve safety performance of construction projects through effectively managing the correlations between construction accidents and their precursors. However, a system of comprehensive knowledge about what precursors mean within the context of construction safety is still lacking. This study aims to capture the nature of precursors in the construction industry and explore the process of a precursor event evolving into a construction accident to fill this gap. Based on 135 construction accident reports in China, this study adopts grounded theory to identify different types of accident precursors and explore their interactions with the development of the accident. An indicator system of precursors for construction accidents was developed, which included two major categories of precursors: behavioral factors and physical factors and five minor categories of precursors: individual behavior factors, organizational driving factors, objective physical factors, construction environmental factors, mechanical equipment factors. In addition, a precursor management strategy that includes the three stages of identification, response and effectiveness testing was established. The results of the study reveal the correlations between precursors and construction accidents, which can promote construction professionals' better understanding about precursors and improve their capabilities of managing precursors in practice.
Topics: Accidents; Accidents, Occupational; China; Construction Industry; Grounded Theory; Safety Management
PubMed: 33430202
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020410 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... May 2016
Topics: Chernobyl Nuclear Accident; Fukushima Nuclear Accident; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Neoplasms; Nuclear Weapons
PubMed: 27221186
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0981 -
Accident; Analysis and Prevention Jul 2013Reliable predictive accident models (PAMs) (also referred to as Safety Performance Functions (SPFs)) have a variety of important uses in traffic safety research and...
Reliable predictive accident models (PAMs) (also referred to as Safety Performance Functions (SPFs)) have a variety of important uses in traffic safety research and practice. They are used to help identify sites in need of remedial treatment, in the design of transport schemes to assess safety implications, and to estimate the effectiveness of remedial treatments. The PAMs currently in use in the UK are now quite old; the data used in their development was gathered up to 30 years ago. Many changes have occurred over that period in road and vehicle design, in road safety campaigns and legislation, and the national accident rate has fallen substantially. It seems unlikely that these ageing models can be relied upon to provide accurate and reliable predictions of accident frequencies on the roads today. This paper addresses a number of methodological issues that arise in seeking practical and efficient ways to update PAMs, whether by re-calibration or by re-fitting. Models for accidents on rural single carriageway roads have been chosen to illustrate these issues, including the choice of distributional assumption for overdispersion, the choice of goodness of fit measures, questions of independence between observations in different years, and between links on the same scheme, the estimation of trends in the models, the uncertainty of predictions, as well as considerations about the most efficient and convenient ways to fit the required models.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Bayes Theorem; Binomial Distribution; England; Environment; Models, Statistical; Poisson Distribution; Regression Analysis; Safety; Uncertainty
PubMed: 23612560
DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.03.009 -
Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ Jan 2003To examine all accident and emergency (A&E) department attendances by children under the age of 1 year over a period of 12 months. Also to try to identify the prevalence...
OBJECTIVES
To examine all accident and emergency (A&E) department attendances by children under the age of 1 year over a period of 12 months. Also to try to identify the prevalence and severity of accident types in small children and to suggest ways to reduce such accidents.
METHODS
The A&E department of the Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital (RACH) serves a population of over half a million. All children under 1 year of age attending this department in the year 2000 had their case notes reviewed by the author and the cause, type, and severity of the illness or injury noted.
RESULTS
During the 12 month audit period 1416 new cases under the age of 1 year presented to RACH, 790 of which presented directly to A&E. Six hundred and eighteen (78%) were self referred and 116 children attended A&E on more than one occasion during the year. Four hundred and thirty four (55%) of the A&E attendances were classed as "accidents", the remainder were mainly for medical conditions such as respiratory distress. Two hundred and sixty four (61%) were caused by falls and 38% were admitted for inpatient management. Two hundred and twenty nine (29%) required radiographs, which revealed 30 fractures. Thirty seven children sustained scalds/burns and there were 33 accidental ingestions. Six cases were judged to be non-accidental.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a surprisingly high rate of "accidental" injury in this age group, bringing into question the effectiveness of current accident prevention strategies. Perhaps specific prevention advice should be targeted at parents and carers of young children. There should always be a high index of suspicion for non-accidental injury.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidental Falls; Accidents; Emergencies; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Scotland; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 12533361
DOI: 10.1136/emj.20.1.21 -
British Medical Journal Oct 1976
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Traffic; Child; England; Humans
PubMed: 990709
DOI: No ID Found -
Accident; Analysis and Prevention Dec 2020This study introduces a method that allows the generation and safety evaluation of a scenario catalog derived from potential car-pedestrian conflict situations. It is...
Development and evaluation of potential accident scenarios involving pedestrians and AEB-equipped vehicles to demonstrate the efficiency of an enhanced open-source simulation framework.
This study introduces a method that allows the generation and safety evaluation of a scenario catalog derived from potential car-pedestrian conflict situations. It is based on open-source software components and uses the road layout standard OpenDRIVE to derive participants' motion profiles with the support of available accident data. The method was implemented upon the open-source framework openPASS and can simulate results for different active safety system setups and facilitates the prediction of system capabilities to decrease the relative impact velocities and collision configurations such as the point of impact. A demonstration case was performed where the scenario catalog was derived and used to evaluate pedestrian collisions with and without a generic autonomous emergency braking (AEB) system. The AEB system aims to intervene in the event of an impending collision and might affect the outcome of a baseline scenario. The study indicated a change in the collision configuration and identified conflict situations less affected by the system. A particularly interesting finding was that some scenarios even led to a higher number of collisions (at lower impact) for the AEB intervention in comparison to the baseline cases.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Computer Simulation; Deceleration; Humans; Pedestrians; Protective Devices; Safety Management
PubMed: 33125925
DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105831 -
Accident; Analysis and Prevention Jun 2013The systems approach is arguably the dominant concept within accident analysis research. Viewing accidents as a result of uncontrolled system interactions, it forms the...
The systems approach is arguably the dominant concept within accident analysis research. Viewing accidents as a result of uncontrolled system interactions, it forms the theoretical basis of various systemic accident analysis (SAA) models and methods. Despite the proposed benefits of SAA, such as an improved description of accident causation, evidence within the scientific literature suggests that these techniques are not being used in practice and that a research-practice gap exists. The aim of this study was to explore the issues stemming from research and practice which could hinder the awareness, adoption and usage of SAA. To achieve this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 safety experts from ten countries and a variety of industries, including rail, aviation and maritime. This study suggests that the research-practice gap should be closed and efforts to bridge the gap should focus on ensuring that systemic methods meet the needs of practitioners and improving the communication of SAA research.
Topics: Accidents; Accidents, Aviation; Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Aged; Communication; Humans; Middle Aged; Research
PubMed: 23542136
DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.02.041 -
Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.... Oct 1961
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents; Breast Feeding; Humans; Public Health Nursing
PubMed: 14471431
DOI: No ID Found