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Chronic Respiratory Disease Nov 2017Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with severely impaired mucociliary clearance caused by defects in ciliary structure and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with severely impaired mucociliary clearance caused by defects in ciliary structure and function. Although recurrent bacterial infection of the respiratory tract is one of the major clinical features of this disease, PCD airway microbiology is understudied. Despite the differences in pathophysiology, assumptions about respiratory tract infections in patients with PCD are often extrapolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) airway microbiology. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of bacterial infections in patients with PCD, including infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis, as it relates to bacterial infections in patients with CF. Further, we will discuss current and potential future treatment strategies aimed at improving the care of patients with PCD suffering from recurring bacterial infections.
Topics: Achromobacter denitrificans; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Cystic Fibrosis; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Kartagener Syndrome; Moraxella catarrhalis; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Ralstonia; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pneumoniae
PubMed: 29081265
DOI: 10.1177/1479972317694621 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022A 5-year-old female spayed French Bulldog presented for anorexia and increased respiratory rate. On presentation, she was dyspneic with stridor and increased...
A 5-year-old female spayed French Bulldog presented for anorexia and increased respiratory rate. On presentation, she was dyspneic with stridor and increased bronchovesicular sounds. Point-of-care ultrasound identified pericardial effusion. Thoracic radiographs identified pleural effusion, a wide cranial mediastinum, and multifocal unstructured interstitial pulmonary opacities. Bloodwork revealed a moderate leukocytosis characterized by a mature neutrophilia with a left shift, hypoalbuminemia, mildly increased alkaline phosphatase activity, and moderate hypokalemia. Thoracic CT findings revealed moderate pericardial and bilateral pleural effusion, mediastinal effusion, and moderate cranial mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Diagnostic thoracocentesis and pericardiocentesis revealed septic exudates with bacilli. Two days later, a median sternotomy and pericardiectomy were performed. Aerobic cultures of the effusions grew ss . The patient was treated with Amoxicillin-clavulanate and enrofloxacin for 12 weeks and clinically fully recovered. has not been reported as a cause of purulent pericarditis and pyothorax in a dog. Uniquely, this patient is suspected of developing this infection secondary to immunosuppression.
PubMed: 35664856
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.884654 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Dec 2013Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an aerobic nonfermentative Gram-negative rod considered an important emerging pathogen among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients worldwide and...
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an aerobic nonfermentative Gram-negative rod considered an important emerging pathogen among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients worldwide and among immunocompromised patients. This increased prevalence remains unexplained, and to date no environmental reservoir has been identified. The aim of this study was to identify potential reservoirs of A. xylosoxidans in hospital, domestic, and outdoor environments and to compare the isolates with clinical ones. From 2011 to 2012, 339 samples were collected in Dijon's university hospital, in healthy volunteers' homes in the Dijon area, and in the outdoor environment in Burgundy (soil, water, mud, and plants). We designed a protocol to detect A. xylosoxidans in environmental samples based on a selective medium: MCXVAA (MacConkey agar supplemented with xylose, vancomycin, aztreonam, and amphotericin B). Susceptibility testing, genotypic analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and blaOXA-114 sequencing were performed on the isolates. A total of 50 strains of A. xylosoxidans were detected in hospital (33 isolates), domestic (9 isolates), and outdoor (8 isolates) samples, mainly in hand washing sinks, showers, and water. Most of them were resistant to ciprofloxacin (49 strains). Genotypic analysis and blaOXA-114 sequencing revealed a wide diversity among the isolates, with 35 pulsotypes and 18 variants of oxacillinases. Interestingly, 10 isolates from hospital environment were clonally related to clinical isolates previously recovered from hospitalized patients, and one domestic isolate was identical to one recovered from a CF patient. These results indicate that A. xylosoxidans is commonly distributed in various environments and therefore that CF patients or immunocompromised patients are surrounded by these reservoirs.
Topics: Achromobacter denitrificans; DNA, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Environmental Microbiology; France; Genetic Variation; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Hospitals; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Typing; Residence Characteristics; Sequence Analysis, DNA; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 24038696
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02293-13 -
Environment International Mar 2024High-throughput identification and cultivation of functional-yet-uncultivable microorganisms is a fundamental goal in environmental microbiology. It remains as a...
High-throughput identification and cultivation of functional-yet-uncultivable microorganisms is a fundamental goal in environmental microbiology. It remains as a critical challenge due to the lack of routine and effective approaches. Here, we firstly proposed an approach of stable-isotope-probing and metagenomic-binning directed cultivation (SIP-MDC) to isolate and characterize the active phenanthrene degraders from petroleum-contaminated soils. From SIP and metagenome, we assembled 13 high-quality metagenomic bins from C-DNA, and successfully obtained the genome of an active PHE degrader Achromobacter (genome-MB) from C-DNA metagenomes, which was confirmed by gyrB gene comparison and average nucleotide/amino identity (ANI/AAI), as well as the quantification of PAH dioxygenase and antibiotic resistance genes. Thereinto, we modified the traditional cultivation medium with antibiotics and specific growth factors (e.g., vitamins and metals), and separated an active phenanthrene degrader Achromobacter sp. LJB-25 via directed isolation. Strain LJB-25 could degrade phenanthrene and its identity was confirmed by ANI/AAI values between its genome and genome-MB (>99 %). Our results hinted at the feasibility of SIP-MDC to identify, isolate and cultivate functional-yet-uncultivable microorganisms (active phenanthrene degraders) from their natural habitats. Our findings developed a state-of-the-art SIP-MDC approach, expanded our knowledge on phenanthrene biodegradation mechanisms, and proposed a strategy to mine functional-yet-uncultivable microorganisms.
Topics: Metagenome; Phenanthrenes; Isotopes; DNA; Biodegradation, Environmental; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 38458119
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108555 -
FEBS Letters Mar 2012Biological electron transfer is a fundamentally important reaction. Despite the apparent simplicity of these reactions (in that no bonds are made or broken), their... (Review)
Review
Gating mechanisms for biological electron transfer: integrating structure with biophysics reveals the nature of redox control in cytochrome P450 reductase and copper-dependent nitrite reductase.
Biological electron transfer is a fundamentally important reaction. Despite the apparent simplicity of these reactions (in that no bonds are made or broken), their experimental interrogation is often complicated because of adiabatic control exerted through associated chemical and conformational change. We have studied the nature of this control in several enzyme systems, cytochrome P450 reductase, methionine synthase reductase and copper-dependent nitrite reductase. Specifically, we review the evidence for conformational control in cytochrome P450 reductase and methionine synthase reductase and chemical control i.e. proton coupled electron transfer in nitrite reductase. This evidence has accrued through the use and integration of structural, spectroscopic and advanced kinetic methods. This integrated approach is shown to be powerful in dissecting control mechanisms for biological electron transfer and will likely find widespread application in the study of related biological redox systems.
Topics: Achromobacter denitrificans; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Crystallography, X-Ray; Electron Transport; Humans; Models, Molecular; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; Nitrite Reductases; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Conformation
PubMed: 21762695
DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.07.003 -
Cornea Feb 2021To investigate a cluster of corneoscleral rim cultures positive for Achromobacter species over a 6-month period at Massachusetts Eye and Ear.
PURPOSE
To investigate a cluster of corneoscleral rim cultures positive for Achromobacter species over a 6-month period at Massachusetts Eye and Ear.
METHODS
An increased rate of positive corneal donor rim cultures was noted at Massachusetts Eye and Ear between July and December 2017. Positive cultures were subjected to identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by phenotypic (MicroScan WalkAway) and genotypic (16S rDNA sequencing) methods. Samples of the eye wash solution (GeriCare) used in the eye bank were also evaluated. Antimicrobial activity of Optical-GS against Achromobacter spp. at 4°C and 37°C was assessed by time-kill kinetics assay.
RESULTS
Of 99 donor rims cultured, 14 (14.1%) grew bacteria with 11 (78.6%) due to uncommon nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli. These had been identified by standard automated methods as Achromobacter (n = 3), Alcaligenes (n = 3), Ralstonia (n = 2), Pseudomonas (n = 2), and Stenotrophomonas (n = 1). Eight of these 11 isolates were subsequently available for molecular identification, and all were identified as Achromobacter spp. Six bottles of eyewash solution were evaluated and were positive for abundant Achromobacter spp. (3.4 × 105 ± 1.1 CFU/mL). Optisol-GS had no bactericidal activity against Achromobacter spp. at 4°C after 24-hour incubation but was bactericidal at 37°C. None of the patients who had received the contaminated corneas developed postoperative infection.
CONCLUSIONS
An eyewash solution arising from a single lot was implicated in the contamination of donor rims by Achromobacter spp. The isolates were able to survive in the Optisol-GS medium at the recommended storage temperature. This highlights the need to continue improving protocols for tissue preparation and storage.
Topics: Achromobacter; Bacteriological Techniques; DNA, Ribosomal; Drug Contamination; Eye Banks; Humans; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Limbus Corneae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ophthalmic Solutions; Organ Preservation Solutions; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tissue Donors; Tissue and Organ Harvesting
PubMed: 33395117
DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000002473 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Nov 2015Dental care unit waterlines (DCUWs) consist of complex networks of thin tubes that facilitate the formation of microbial biofilms. Due to the predilection toward a wet...
Dental care unit waterlines (DCUWs) consist of complex networks of thin tubes that facilitate the formation of microbial biofilms. Due to the predilection toward a wet environment, strong adhesion, biofilm formation, and resistance to biocides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major human opportunistic pathogen, is adapted to DCUW colonization. Other nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli, such as members of the genus Achromobacter, are emerging pathogens found in water networks. We reported the 6.5-year dynamics of bacterial contamination of waterlines in a dental health care center with 61 dental care units (DCUs) connected to the same water supply system. The conditions allowed the selection and the emergence of clones of Achromobacter sp. and P. aeruginosa characterized by multilocus sequence typing, multiplex repetitive elements-based PCR, and restriction fragment length polymorphism in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial susceptibility. One clone of P. aeruginosa and 2 clones of Achromobacter sp. colonized successively all of the DCUWs: the last colonization by P. aeruginosa ST309 led to the closing of the dental care center. Successive dominance of species and clones was linked to biocide treatments. Achromobacter strains were weak biofilm producers compared to P. aeruginosa ST309, but the coculture of P. aeruginosa and Achromobacter enhanced P. aeruginosa ST309 biofilm formation. Intraclonal genomic microevolution was observed in the isolates of P. aeruginosa ST309 collected chronologically and in Achromobacter sp. clone A. The contamination control was achieved by a complete reorganization of the dental health care center by removing the connecting tubes between DCUs.
Topics: Achromobacter; DNA Fingerprinting; Dental Offices; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Evolution, Molecular; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 26296724
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01279-15 -
The Western Journal of Medicine Apr 1982
Topics: Aged; Alcaligenes; Female; Humans; Pneumonia
PubMed: 7090381
DOI: No ID Found -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Dec 2018spp. are nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli considered emergent pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF). Although some cross-transmission events between CF patients have...
spp. are nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli considered emergent pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF). Although some cross-transmission events between CF patients have been described, strains were mostly patient specific, suggesting sporadic acquisitions from nonhuman reservoirs. However, sources of these emergent CF pathogens remain unknown. A large collection of specimens ( = 273) was sampled in the homes of 3 CF patients chronically colonized by with the aim of evaluating the potential role of domestic reservoirs in sustaining airway colonization of the patients. Samples were screened for the presence of by using genus-specific molecular detection. Species identification, multilocus genotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns observed for environmental isolates were compared with those of clinical strains. Patient homes hosted a high diversity of species ( = 7), including and , two species previously isolated from human samples only, and genotypes ( = 15), all showing an overall susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. strains were mostly isolated from indoor moist environments and siphons, which are potential reservoirs for several CF emerging pathogens. , the worldwide prevalent species colonizing CF patients, was not the major species inhabiting domestic environments. genotypes chronically colonizing the patients were not detected in their household environments. These results support the notions that the domestic environment could not be incriminated in sustained patient colonization and that after initial colonization, the environmental survival of clones adapted to the CF airways is probably impaired. spp. are worldwide emerging opportunistic pathogens in CF patients, able to chronically colonize the respiratory tract. Apart from regular consultations at the hospital CF center, patients spend most of their time at home. Colonization from nonhuman sources has been suggested, but the presence of spp. in CF patients' homes has not been explored. The domestic environments of CF patients chronically colonized by , especially wet environments, host several opportunistic pathogens, including a large diversity of species and genotypes. However, genotypes colonizing the patients were not detected in their domestic environments, making it unlikely that a shuttle between environment and CF airways is involved in persisting colonization. This also suggests that once the bacteria have adapted to the respiratory tract, their survival in the domestic environment is presumably impaired. Nevertheless, measures for reducing domestic patient exposure should be targeted on evacuation drains, which are frequently contaminated by CF opportunistic pathogens.
Topics: Achromobacter denitrificans; Adolescent; Adult; Cystic Fibrosis; Genotype; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Respiratory System; Young Adult
PubMed: 30217850
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01739-18 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2020Marine pollution is a significant issue in recent decades, with the increase in industries and their waste harming the environment and ecosystems. Notably, the rise in...
Marine pollution is a significant issue in recent decades, with the increase in industries and their waste harming the environment and ecosystems. Notably, the rise in shellfish industries contributes to tons of shellfish waste composed of up to 58% chitin. Chitin, the second most ample polymer next to cellulose, is insoluble and resistant to degradation. It requires chemical-based treatment or enzymatic hydrolysis to cleave the chitin polymers. The chemical-based treatment can lead to environmental pollution, so to solve this problem, enzymatic hydrolysis is the best option. Moreover, the resulting biopolymer by-products can be used to boost the fish immune system and also as drug delivery agents. Many marine microbial strains have chitinase producing ability. Nevertheless, we still lack an economical and highly stable chitinase enzyme for use in the industrial sector. So we isolate a novel marine bacterial strain Achromobacter xylosoxidans from the shrimp waste disposal site using chitin minimal medium. Placket-Burman and central composite design statistical models for culture condition optimisation predicted a 464.2 U/ml of chitinase production. The culture conditions were optimised for maximum chitinase production recording up to 467 U/ml. This chitinase from the A. xylosoxidans was 100% active at an optimum temperature of 45 °C (withstand up to 55 °C) and pH 8 with 80% stability. The HPLC analysis of chitinase degraded shellfish waste reveals a major amino acid profile composition-arginine, lysine, aspartic acid, alanine, threonine and low levels of isoleucine and methionine. These chitinase degraded products and by-products can be used as supplements in the aquaculture industry.
Topics: Achromobacter denitrificans; Amino Acids; Animals; Chitin; Chitinases; Crustacea; Enzyme Stability; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Phylogeny; Refuse Disposal; Temperature
PubMed: 32681120
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68772-y