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Cancer Nov 2004Achromobacter and Alcaligenes are emerging infectious gram-negative bacterial species that can affect immunosuppressed patients. The authors sought to determine the...
BACKGROUND
Achromobacter and Alcaligenes are emerging infectious gram-negative bacterial species that can affect immunosuppressed patients. The authors sought to determine the incidence and characteristics of bloodstream infections caused by these organisms in patients with underlying malignancies.
METHODS
All consecutive episodes of hematogenous Achromobacter and Alcaligenes infections recorded from December 26, 1989, to July 27, 2003, were studied retrospectively.
RESULTS
Fifty-two episodes occurred in 46 patients; 31 patients (67%) had hematologic malignancies, and 24 (52%) experienced neutropenia (< 500 cells/microL). Diabetes mellitus was present in 12 patients (26%), and high-dose corticosteroids were administered to 12 patients (26%). Seventeen of the 52 infectious episodes (33%) were nosocomial in origin, and 10 patients (22%) had sepsis syndrome. Achromobacter xylosoxidans was the most common cause of infection (47 of 52 episodes [94%]), followed by Ach. denitrificans (2 of 52 episodes [4%]) and Alcaligenes faecalis (1 of 52 episodes [2%]). Twenty-seven episodes (52%) were polymicrobial, and 3 patients (7%) had concurrent fungemia. Infected intravascular catheters were present in 13 of 52 cases (25%), pneumonia was encountered in 6 of 52 cases (12%), and urinary tract infections were present in 5 of 52 cases (10%). Most isolates exhibited in vitro susceptibility to carbapenems, antipseudomonal penicillins, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, aminoglycosides, and monobactam was common. Seven deaths (15%) were attributable to Achromobacter species. Incidence rates for sepsis syndrome, multiorgan dysfunction (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] II score > 16), and use of mechanical ventilation and pressor support were significantly higher in patients who died (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that sepsis syndrome and high APACHE II scores were predictors of increased 30-day mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
Most infections caused by this group of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria were attributable to Ach. xylosoxidans, and only one-third were acquired during hospitalization. The presence of sepsis syndrome has evolved as an independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with high-risk malignancies accompanied by Achromobacter bloodstream infections.
Topics: Achromobacter; Adult; Aged; Alcaligenes; Bacteremia; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 15389476
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20604 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2023Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the main pathogens of clinical isolation and nosocomial infections, as K. pneumoniae show broad-spectrum resistance to β-lactam and...
BACKGROUND
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the main pathogens of clinical isolation and nosocomial infections, as K. pneumoniae show broad-spectrum resistance to β-lactam and carbapenem antibiotics. It is emerging clinical need for a safe and effective drug to anti-K. pneumoniae. At present, Achromobacter mainly focused on its degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, assisting insects to decompose, degrade heavy metals and utilize organic matter, but there were few reports on the antibacterial activity of the secondary metabolites of Achromobacter.
RESULTS
In this study, a strain WA5-4-31 from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana exhibited strong activity against K. Pneumoniae through preliminary screening. The strain was determined to be Achromobacter sp. through the morphological characteristics, genotyping and phylogenetic tree analysis, which is homologous to Achromobacter ruhlandii by 99%, its accession numbe in GenBank at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is MN007235, and its deposit number was GDMCC NO.1.2520. Six compounds (Actinomycin D, Actinomycin X2, Collismycin A, Citrinin, Neoechinulin A and Cytochalasin E) were isolated and determined by activity tracking, chemical separation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Among them, Actinomycin D, Actinomycin X2, Collismycin A, Citrinin and Cytochalasin E showed a good effect on anti-K. pneumoniae, with MIC values of 16-64 µg/mL.
CONCLUSIONS
The study reported Achromobacter, which was from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana with the activity against K. Pneumoniae, can produce antibacterial compounds for the first time. It lays the foundation for development of secondary metabolites of insect intestinal microorganisms.
Topics: Animals; Periplaneta; Dactinomycin; Citrinin; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Phylogeny; Secondary Metabolism; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Achromobacter; Intestines; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 37277707
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02909-7 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jan 2021spp. are ubiquitous Gram-negative bacteria, some of which can cause respiratory tract infections in patients with autoimmune disorders and cystic fibrosis....
spp. are ubiquitous Gram-negative bacteria, some of which can cause respiratory tract infections in patients with autoimmune disorders and cystic fibrosis. Bacteriophages have therapeutic and biotechnological potential to combat sp. infections. This announcement details the 42.5-kb genome sequence of the temperate myophage Mano.
PubMed: 33446599
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01390-20 -
Cureus Nov 2022Pyometra is an easily overlooked disease with nonspecific symptoms; however, a delayed diagnosis can lead to severe complications. An 80-year-old frail woman presented...
Pyometra is an easily overlooked disease with nonspecific symptoms; however, a delayed diagnosis can lead to severe complications. An 80-year-old frail woman presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of persistent fever for 10 days. Her blood tests showed an elevated inflammatory response, and computed tomography showed a 10-cm cystic lesion in the pelvic floor compressing the bladder. A catheter was inserted from the vagina into the uterine cavity, resulting in pus drainage and pyometra diagnosis. A pus culture was subsequently performed, which detected , a common cause of respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis and bloodstream infections, and. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pyometra caused by . The patient was treated with drainage and piperacillin-tazobactam administration. Pyometra is especially prevalent in older women with impaired activities of daily living and dementia. Although fever, lower abdominal pain, and increased discharge may occur, symptoms are often nonspecific, and half of such cases are asymptomatic. Furthermore, delayed diagnosis can lead to perforation of the uterus and consequent pan-peritonitis. Thus, the diagnosis of pyometra should be considered in older women presenting with unknown fever, and imaging studies and gynecological consultation should be requested promptly.
PubMed: 36600853
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32016 -
Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare... 2024and are emerging nosocomial, non-glucose fermenting, Gram-negative pathogens. In this nested case-control trial, independent predictors for infections were...
and are emerging nosocomial, non-glucose fermenting, Gram-negative pathogens. In this nested case-control trial, independent predictors for infections were hemodialysis and recent antibiotic usage (overall), while recent usage of fluoroquinolones, was independently associated with infections. Infections were independently associated with multiple worse outcomes.
PubMed: 38415099
DOI: 10.1017/ash.2024.11 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Jun 2021Achromobacter xylosoxidans is widely distributed in the environment and is increasingly recognised as a significant nosocomial pathogen in healthcare settings. However,...
OBJECTIVES
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is widely distributed in the environment and is increasingly recognised as a significant nosocomial pathogen in healthcare settings. However, the genomic and phylogenetic characteristics of this pathogen are not fully understood. Here we report the first genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant A. xylosoxidans ST273 strain (MTYH1) isolated from a wound infection in China.
METHODS
Whole-genome sequencing of the strain was performed using an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Generated short reads were de novo assembled into contigs using SPAdes v.3.13.0. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were identified using ResFinder 4.0. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using NJ/UPGMA phylogeny (MAFFT v.7) based on core genome single nucleotide polymorphism data.
RESULTS
The draft genome sequence of A. xylosoxidans ST273 strain MTYH1 consists of 45 contigs comprising 6 643 045 bp with a GC content of 67.5%. According to the Achromobacter spp. multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, MTYH1 belongs to ST273. MTYH1 is resistant to aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam and cephalosporins. Five ARGs belonging to three different classes were identified in the genome, namely aac(6')-IIa, ant(2'')-Ia, bla, bla and sul1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MTYH1 was not epidemiologically related to any of the strains retrieved from the NCBI GenBank database.
CONCLUSION
We unravelled the genome sequence of multidrug-resistant A. xylosoxidans ST273 clinical strain MTYH1 recovered from a wound infection in China. Our data may help to understand the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, genomic features and phylogenetic characteristic of this bacterial pathogen.
Topics: Achromobacter denitrificans; China; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genomics; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Phylogeny; Wound Infection; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 33766786
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.03.008 -
Pneumonologia I Alergologia Polska 2014
Topics: Achromobacter; Burkholderia cepacia; Cystic Fibrosis; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sputum; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
PubMed: 24964234
DOI: 10.5603/PiAP.2014.0040 -
Nature Communications Dec 2021D-2-Hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) is a metabolite involved in many physiological metabolic processes. When D-2-HG is aberrantly accumulated due to mutations in isocitrate...
D-2-Hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) is a metabolite involved in many physiological metabolic processes. When D-2-HG is aberrantly accumulated due to mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase or D-2-HG dehydrogenase, it functions in a pro-oncogenic manner and is thus considered a therapeutic target and biomarker in many cancers. In this study, DhdR from Achromobacter denitrificans NBRC 15125 is identified as an allosteric transcriptional factor that negatively regulates D-2-HG dehydrogenase expression and responds to the presence of D-2-HG. Based on the allosteric effect of DhdR, a D-2-HG biosensor is developed by combining DhdR with amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaScreen) technology. The biosensor is able to detect D-2-HG in serum, urine, and cell culture medium with high specificity and sensitivity. Additionally, this biosensor is used to identify the role of D-2-HG metabolism in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, demonstrating its broad usages.
Topics: Achromobacter denitrificans; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Bacteria; Biosensing Techniques; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutarates; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mutation; Neoplasms; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 34876568
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27357-7 -
Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de... Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Achromobacter denitrificans; Ecthyma; Bacteremia; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 37493732
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0071-2023 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Aug 2016We report an outbreak of healthcare-associated prostatitis involving rare environmental pathogens in immunocompetent patients undergoing transrectal prostate biopsies at...
We report an outbreak of healthcare-associated prostatitis involving rare environmental pathogens in immunocompetent patients undergoing transrectal prostate biopsies at Hôpital Édouard Herriot (Lyon, France) during August 13-October 10, 2014. Despite a fluoroquinolone-based prophylaxis, 5 patients were infected with Achromobacter xylosoxidans and 3 with Ochrobactrum anthropi, which has not been reported as pathogenic in nonimmunocompromised persons. All patients recovered fully. Analysis of the outbreak included case investigation, case-control study, biopsy procedure review, microbiologic testing of environmental and clinical samples, and retrospective review of hospital records for 4 years before the outbreak. The cases resulted from asepsis errors during preparation of materials for the biopsies. A low-level outbreak involving environmental bacteria was likely present for years, masked by antimicrobial drug prophylaxis and a low number of cases. Healthcare personnel should promptly report unusual pathogens in immunocompetent patients to infection control units, and guidelines should explicitly mention asepsis during materials preparation.
Topics: Achromobacter denitrificans; Biopsy; Case-Control Studies; Disease Outbreaks; Equipment Contamination; France; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Ochrobactrum anthropi; Prostatic Diseases; Surgical Equipment
PubMed: 27434277
DOI: 10.3201/eid2208.151423